Ka nānā 'ana i kekahi hana ma muli o ka palapala mele

Ma ka ʻatikala hope loa ua kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka wehe ʻana i nā pāʻani ma mua o ka lawe ʻana iā lākou e hana i kahi papa kūikawā. Aia ka loulou i kēia mea ma ka hope o kēia pou. I kēia lā, ʻo ka nānā ʻana i kahi ʻāpana mele, akā e hoʻomākaukau wale ana mākou no nā haʻawina o nā palapala mele.

ʻO ka mea mua, e hōʻike aku i kekahi mau kumu kumu nui, a laila e noʻonoʻo i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka nānā ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano hana mele – no ka laʻana, opera, symphony, vocal cycle, etc.

No laila, i kēlā me kēia manawa a mākou e kālailai ai i kahi mele, pono mākou e hoʻomākaukau i nā pane i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa:

• ke poʻo inoa piha pololei o ka hana mele (me ʻaneʻi: aia kahi papahana ma ke ʻano he poʻo inoa a wehewehe palapala paha?);
• nā inoa o nā mea kākau o ke mele (he mea haku hoʻokahi paha, a he nui paha inā he hui ka haku mele);
• nā inoa o nā mea kākau o nā kikokikona (ma nā opera, hana pinepine nā poʻe i ka libretto i ka manawa hoʻokahi, i kekahi manawa hiki i ka mea haku mele ke kumu o ka kikokikona);
• he aha ke ʻano mele i kākau ʻia ai ka hana (he opera a ballet paha, symphony, a he aha?);
• ka wahi o kēia hana ma ka pālākiō o ka hana holoʻokoʻa a ka haku mele (he mau hana ʻē aʻe ka mea kākau ma ke ʻano like, a pehea ka pili ʻana o ka hana i nīnau ʻia me kēia mau mea ʻē aʻe - he mea hou paha a ʻo ia paha ka piko o ka hoʻokumu?) ;
• inā paha i hoʻokumu ʻia kēia haku mele ma luna o kekahi kumu kumu mele ʻole (no ka laʻana, ua kākau ʻia ma muli o ka manaʻo o kahi puke, poem, pena kiʻi, a i hoʻoulu ʻia e kekahi hanana mōʻaukala, etc.);
• ʻehia mau ʻāpana o ka hana a pehea i kūkulu ʻia ai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana;
• ka hoʻokani pila (no nā mea kani a i ʻole nā ​​leo i kākau ʻia - no ka hoʻokani pila, no ka hui, no ka clarinet solo, no ka leo a me ka piano, etc.);
• nā kiʻi mele nui (a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻi, nā koa) a me kā lākou mau kumuhana (mele, ʻoiaʻiʻo).

 I kēia manawa, e neʻe kākou i nā hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana i nā hana mele o kekahi mau ʻano. I ʻole e hoʻolaha nui iā mākou iho, e nānā mākou i ʻelua mau hihia - opera a me symphony.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka nānā ʻana i ka opera

He hana keaka ka Opera, a no laila, mālama nui ia i nā kānāwai o ke kahua keaka. ʻO kahi opera ʻaneʻane loaʻa kahi manaʻo, a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka hana koʻikoʻi (i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi, akā maikaʻi loa). Hana ʻia ka opera ma ke ʻano he hana i loaʻa nā kiʻi; ua māhele ʻia ka hana ponoʻī i nā hana, nā kiʻi a me nā hiʻohiʻona.

No laila, eia kekahi mau mea e noʻonoʻo ai i ka nānā ʻana i kahi haku mele:

1. ka pilina ma waena o ka opera libretto a me ke kumu palapala (inā loaʻa kekahi) - i kekahi manawa ʻokoʻa lākou, a ikaika loa, a i kekahi manawa ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka kikokikona o ke kumu i loko o ka opera i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia i kona holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana;
2. ka mahele ʻana i nā hana a me nā kiʻi (ka helu o nā mea ʻelua), ka hele ʻana o nā ʻāpana e like me ka prologue a i ʻole epilogue;
3. ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia hana - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano operatic kuʻuna (arias, duets, choruses, etc.), ʻoiai nā helu e hahai ana kekahi i kekahi, a i ʻole nā ​​hana a me nā hiʻohiʻona e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona hope-a-hope, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā helu ʻokoʻa. ;
4. nā kiʻi a me kā lākou mau leo ​​mele - pono ʻoe e ʻike i kēia;
5. pehea e hōʻikeʻia ai nā kiʻi o nā mea nui - ma hea, i nā hana a me nā kiʻi a lākou e komo ai a me nā mea a lākou e mele ai, pehea lākou e hōʻikeʻia ai i ke mele;
6. ke kumu koʻikoʻi o ka opera - ma hea a pehea e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻolālā, he aha nā pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, i ka hana a pehea e hana ai ka denouement;
7. Nā helu orchestral o ka opera - aia he hoʻomaka a hoʻolauna paha, a me nā intermissions, intermezzos a me nā ʻāpana hoʻokani pila ʻē aʻe - he aha kā lākou hana (pinepine ʻia nā kiʻi mele e hoʻolauna i ka hana - no ka laʻana, kahi ʻāina mele, a kiʻi hoʻomaha, he huakaʻi koa a hoʻolewa paha, a pēlā aku);
8. He aha ke kuleana o ka hui mele ma ka opera (e like me ka manaʻo o ka hana a i ʻole ʻike wale ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea e hōʻike ai i ke ʻano o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea pena mele e haʻi i kā lākou mau laina koʻikoʻi e hoʻoikaika nui i ka hopena holoʻokoʻa o ka hana. , a i ʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi mau ana ka papa mele i kekahi mea, a i ʻole nā ​​hiʻohiʻona mele ma ke ʻano maʻamau i ka opera, etc.);
9. inā he mau helu hula ma ka opera - he aha nā hana a he aha ke kumu o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ballet i ka opera;
10. Aia nā leitmotifs i ka opera - he aha lākou a he aha ke ʻano o lākou (kekahi hero, kekahi mea, kekahi manaʻo a mokuʻāina paha, kekahi mea kūlohelohe a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe?).

 ʻAʻole kēia he papa inoa piha o nā mea e pono e ʻike ʻia i mea e hoʻopau ʻia ai ka nānā ʻana o kahi hana mele ma kēia hihia. Ma hea ʻoe e loaʻa ai nā pane i kēia mau nīnau a pau? ʻO ka mea mua, ma ka clavier o ka opera, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kāna kikokikona mele. ʻO ka lua, hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu i kahi hōʻuluʻulu pōkole o ka opera libretto, a, ʻo ke kolu, hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo nui i nā puke - heluhelu i nā puke ma nā palapala mele!

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻimi symphony

Ma kekahi mau ʻano, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka symphony ma mua o ka opera. Eia ka nui o nā mea mele (ʻo ka opera he 2-3 mau hola, a ʻo ka symphony 20-50 mau minuke), ʻaʻohe mea me kā lākou leitmotifs he nui, pono ʻoe e hoʻāʻo e hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi. Akā ʻo ka nānā ʻana i nā hana mele symphonic i loaʻa i kona mau ʻano ponoʻī.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻehā mau neʻe ʻana o ka symphony. ʻElua mau koho no ke kaʻina o nā ʻāpana i kahi pōʻai symphonic: e like me ke ʻano maʻamau a e like me ke ʻano aloha. ʻOkoʻa lākou i ke kūlana o ka hapa lohi a me ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻano (ma nā symphonies maʻamau he minuet a scherzo, i nā symphonies aloha he scherzo, i kekahi manawa he waltz). E nānā i ke kiʻikuhi:

Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano mele maʻamau no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i nā bracket ma ke kiʻikuhi. No ka ʻike piha ʻana i kahi hana mele pono ʻoe e hoʻoholo i kona ʻano, e heluhelu i ka ʻatikala "Nā ʻano kumu o nā hana mele", ʻo ka ʻike e kōkua iā ʻoe i kēia mea.

I kekahi manawa, ʻokoʻa paha ka helu o nā ʻāpana (no ka laʻana, 5 mau ʻāpana i ka "Fantastastic" Symphony a Berlioz, 3 mau ʻāpana i ka "Divine Poem" a Scriabin, 2 mau ʻāpana i ka Symphony "Unfinished" a Schubert, aia kekahi mau symphonies hoʻokahi neʻe - no ka laʻana, Myaskovsky's 21st Symphony) . ʻO kēia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā pōʻai maʻamau ʻole a ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka helu o nā ʻāpana i loko o ia mau mea ma muli o kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka manaʻo noʻeau o ka mea haku mele (e laʻa, ʻo ka ʻike papahana).

He aha ka mea nui no ka nānā ʻana i kahi symphony:

1. e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka pōʻai symphonic (maʻamau, aloha, a i ʻole kekahi mea kūʻokoʻa);
2. e hoʻoholo i ka tonality nui o ka symphony (no ka neʻe mua) a me ka tonality o kēlā me kēia neʻe i kaʻawale;
3. hōʻike i ke ʻano kiʻi a me ke mele o kēlā me kēia kumuhana nui o ka hana;
4. e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana;
5. ma ke ʻano sonata, e hoʻoholo i ka tonality o nā ʻāpana nui a me nā ʻāpana lua i ka hōʻike a me ka reprise, a e ʻimi i nā ʻokoʻa o ke kani o kēia mau ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana like (no ka laʻana, hiki i ka hapa nui ke hoʻololi i kona helehelena ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia e ka ka manawa o ka hana hou ʻana, a ʻaʻole paha e loli iki);
6. ʻimi a hiki ke hōʻike i nā pilina pili ma waena o nā ʻāpana, inā he (he mau kumuhana e neʻe mai kekahi ʻaoʻao a i kekahi, pehea e loli ai?);
7. hoʻokaʻawale i ka hoʻokani pila (ʻo wai nā timbres ka mea alakaʻi - nā kaula, woodwinds a me nā mea kani keleawe?);
8. e hoʻoholo i ke kuleana o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pōʻai holoʻokoʻa (ʻo ia ka hapa nui loa, ʻo ka hapa hea ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he mele a i ʻole ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, ma nā ʻāpana he mea hoʻohilahila i nā kumuhana ʻē aʻe, he aha ka hopena i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ma ka hopena? );
9. inā loaʻa i ka hana nā huaʻōlelo mele, a laila e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o nā ʻōlelo; etc.

 ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia kēia papa inoa no ka manawa pau ʻole. Pono ʻoe e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi hana me ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka ʻike maʻalahi - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka ʻole. A ʻo ka hana koʻikoʻi āu e hoʻonoho ai iā ʻoe iho, inā ʻoe e hana i kahi kikoʻī kikoʻī o kahi ʻāpana mele a ʻaʻole ʻole, ʻo ia ke kamaʻāina pololei me ke mele.

I ka hopena, e like me ka mea i hoʻohiki ʻia, hāʻawi mākou i kahi loulou i ka mea mua, kahi i kamaʻilio ai mākou e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka hana. ʻO kēia ʻatikala ʻo "Analysis of musical works by speciality"