Angelica Catalani (Angelica Catalani) |

ʻO Angelica Catalan

He mea kupaianaha maoli nō ʻo Catalani i ka honua o ka leo leo. Ua kapa ʻo Paolo Scyudo i ka mea mele coloratura "he mea kupanaha o ke ʻano" no kona akamai loea. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Angelica Catalani ma ka lā 10 o Mei, 1780 ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Gubbio, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Umbria. ʻO kona makuakāne ʻo Antonio Catalani, he kanaka hoʻoikaika, ua ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he luna kānāwai kalana a ʻo ia hoʻi ka bass mua o ka hale pule o Senigallo Cathedral.

I ka wā kamaliʻi, he leo nani ʻo Angelica. Ua hāʻawi kona makuakāne i kāna hoʻonaʻauao i ke alakaʻi ʻo Pietro Morandi. A laila, e ho'āʻo ana e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pilikia o ka ʻohana, ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi kaikamahine he ʻumikūmālua makahiki i ka monastery o Santa Lucia. No ʻelua makahiki, nui ka poʻe haipule i hele mai i ʻaneʻi e lohe wale i kāna mele.

Ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home, hele ke kaikamahine i Florence e aʻo me ka sopranist kaulana ʻo Luigi Marchesi. Ua ʻike ʻo Marchesi, he mea mālama i ke ʻano leo hoʻonani i waho, he mea pono e kaʻana like me kāna haumāna ma ke ʻano nui o kāna hana kupanaha ma ke mele ʻana i nā ʻano leo leo like ʻole, ka ʻenehana loea. Ua lilo ʻo Angelica i haumāna mākaukau, a ʻaʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua hānau ʻia kahi mele mele maikaʻi a maikaʻi.

I ka makahiki 1797, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Catalani i kāna hana mua ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Venetian "La Fenice" ma ka opera "Lodoiska" a S. Mayr. Ua ʻike koke ka poʻe kipa keaka i ka leo kiʻekiʻe a me ke kani o ka mea pena hou. A hāʻawi ʻia i ka nani a me ka nani o Angelica, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia kona kūleʻa. I ka makahiki aʻe, hoʻokani ʻo ia ma Livorno, hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope ua hīmeni ʻo ia ma ka Hale Keaka ʻo Pergola ma Florence, a hoʻopau ʻo ia i ka makahiki hope o ke kenekulia ma Trieste.

Hoʻomaka maikaʻi ke kenekulia hou - ma Ianuali 21, 1801, hīmeni ʻo Catalani no ka manawa mua ma ke kahua o ka La Scala kaulana. "Ma nā wahi a pau i ʻike ʻia ai ka mea mele ʻōpio, ma nā wahi a pau e hoʻomaikaʻi ai ka poʻe i kāna kiʻi," i kākau ai ʻo VV Timokhin. - ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hōʻailona ʻia ke mele a ka mea pena e ka hohonu o ka manaʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kū i waho no ka wikiwiki o kāna ʻano hana, akā i ke mele ola, upbeat, bravura ʻaʻole ia i ʻike like. ʻO ka nani ʻē aʻe o ka leo o Catalani, ka mea i hoʻopā i ka puʻuwai o ka poʻe haipule maʻamau, i kēia manawa, i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻenehana kupaianaha, hauʻoli i ka poʻe aloha i ke mele ʻopera.

I ka makahiki 1804, haʻalele ka mea mele no Lisbon. Ma ke kapikala o Pokukala, lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻokani pila o ka opera Italia kūloko. Ke lilo koke nei ʻo Catalani i mea punahele me ka poʻe hoʻolohe kūloko.

I ka makahiki 1806, komo ʻo Angelica i kahi ʻaelike waiwai me ka London Opera. Ma ke ala e "foggy Albion" hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā ʻaha mele ma Madrid, a laila hīmeni ʻo ia ma Paris no kekahi mau mahina.

Ma ke keʻena o ka "National Academy of Music" mai Iune a Sepatemaba, ua hōʻike ʻo Catalani i kāna hana noʻeau ma ʻekolu papahana ʻaha mele, a i kēlā me kēia manawa he hale piha. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ke ʻano wale nō o ka Paganini nui e hiki ke hana i ka hopena like. Ua paʻi ka poʻe hoʻohewa i ka laulā ākea, ka māmā kupaianaha o ka leo o ka mea mele.

Na ke akamai o Catalani kekahi i lanakila ia Napoliona. Ua kiʻi ʻia ka mea hoʻokani Italia i ka Tuileries, kahi āna i kamaʻilio ai me ka Emepera. "Hele ana ʻoe ihea?" i ninau aku ai ke kapena i kona hoa kamailio. "I Ladana, e kuu haku," wahi a Catalani. “ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noho ʻana ma Palika, eia ʻoe e uku maikaʻi ʻia a mahalo maoli ʻia kāu talena. E loaʻa iā ʻoe hoʻokahi haneli tausani francs i ka makahiki a me ʻelua mahina hoʻomaha. Ua hooholoia; aloha madam.

Akā naʻe, ua kūpaʻa ʻo Catalani i ka ʻaelike me ka hale keaka ʻo Lākana. Ua mahuka ʻo ia mai Farani mai ma luna o ka mokuahi i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka lawe pio ʻana. I Kekemapa 1806, hīmeni ʻo Catalani no ka manawa mua no ka poʻe Lādana ma ka opera Pukiki Semiramide.

Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka manawa keaka ma ke kapikala o ʻEnelani, ua hele ka mea mele, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i nā huakaʻi ʻaha mele ma nā panalāʻau ʻEnelani. "ʻO kona inoa, i hoʻolaha ʻia ma nā pepa hoʻolaha, ua huki ʻia ka lehulehu o nā kānaka i nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi loa o ka ʻāina," wahi a nā mea ʻike maka.

Ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o Napoliona i ka makahiki 1814, ua hoʻi ʻo Catalani i Farani, a laila hele i kahi huakaʻi nui a kūleʻa i Kelemānia, Denemaka, Suedena, Belgium a me Holani.

ʻO ka mea kaulana loa i waena o ka poʻe hoʻolohe, ʻo ia nā hana e like me "Semiramide" na Pokukala, nā ʻano like ʻole o Rode, arias mai nā operas "The Beautiful Miller's Woman" na Giovanni Paisiello, "ʻEkolu Sultans" na Vincenzo Puccita (ka mea hoʻokani pila o Catalani). Ua ʻae maikaʻi ka poʻe ʻEulopa i kāna mau hana ma nā hana a Cimarosa, Nicolini, Picchini a me Rossini.

Ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i Paris, lilo ʻo Catalani i luna hoʻokele o ka ʻOpera Italia. Eia naʻe, ʻo kāna kāne ʻo Paul Valabregue, nāna i mālama i ka hale keaka. Ua ho'āʻo mua ʻo ia e hōʻoia i ka pono o ka ʻoihana. No laila ka emi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana hoʻokani, a me ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o nā kumukūʻai no kēlā mau ʻano "liʻiliʻi" o kahi hana opera, e like me ka papa himeni a me ka orchestra.

Ma Mei 1816, hoʻi ʻo Catalani i ke kahua. ʻO kāna mau hana ma Munich, Venice a me Naples. Ma ʻAukake 1817 wale nō, i kona hoʻi ʻana i Paris, ua lilo ʻo ia i poʻo o ka ʻOpera Italia no ka manawa pōkole. Akā ʻaʻole i emi iho i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, i ʻApelila 1818, ua haʻalele ʻo Catalani i kāna kūlana. No nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana, hele mau ʻo ia i ʻEulopa. I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole ʻo Catalani e lawe i nā memo kiʻekiʻe nani, akā naʻe, ʻo ka maʻalahi a me ka mana o kona leo i hoʻopaʻa mau i ka lehulehu.

I ka makahiki 1823 ua kipa aku ʻo Catalani i ke kapikala ʻo Rūsia no ka manawa mua. Ma St. Petersburg, ua hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia ʻo ia. Ma Ianuali 6, 1825, ua komo ʻo Catalani i ka wehe ʻana o ka hale hōʻikeʻike hou o Bolshoi Theatre ma Moscow. Ua hana ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana o Erato i ka prologue o ka "Celebration of the Muses", kahi mele i kākau ʻia e nā haku mele Lūkini ʻo AN Verstovsky a me AA Alyabiev.

I ka makahiki 1826, ua kaapuni ʻo Catalani i Italia, e hoʻokani ana ma Genoa, Naples a me Roma. I ka makahiki 1827 ua kipa ʻo ia i Kelemānia. A i ke kau aʻe, i ka makahiki o ke kanakolu makahiki o ka hana noʻeau, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Catalani e haʻalele i ke kahua. ʻO ka hana hope loa a ka mea mele i hana ʻia ma 1828 ma Dublin.

Ma hope mai, ma kona home ma Florence, ua aʻo ka mea pena i ka hīmeni ʻana i nā kaikamahine ʻōpio e hoʻomākaukau ana no kahi ʻoihana keaka. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia i kēia manawa no nā hoaaloha a me nā hoaaloha. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke pale aku i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana, a ʻoiai i kahi makahiki hanohano, ʻaʻole i nalowale ka mea mele i nā waiwai makamae o kona leo. I ka mahuka ʻana mai ka maʻi kolera i puka mai ma Italia, ua holo wikiwiki ʻo Catalani i nā keiki ma Paris. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea hoʻohenehene, ua make ʻo ia i kēia maʻi ma Iune 12, 1849.

Ua kākau ʻo VV Timokhin:

“Na Angelica Catalani no kēlā mau mea pena kiʻi nui i haʻaheo o ke kula leo ʻItalia i nā kenekulia ʻelua i hala. ʻO ke kālena loa, ka hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi loa, ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa wikiwiki i nā kānāwai o ka haku mele i hoʻoholo i ka lanakila nui o ka mea mele ma nā kahua opera a ma nā hale ʻaha mele ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa.

ʻO ka nani maoli, ka ikaika, ka māmā, ka neʻe nui ʻana o ka leo, ʻo ke ʻano o ia mea a hiki i ka "paʻakai" o ke kolu octave, i kumu e ʻōlelo ai i ka mea mele ʻo ia ka mea nona kekahi o nā mea leo maikaʻi loa. ʻO Catalani kekahi virtuoso ʻaʻole ma mua a ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao o kāna ʻoihana i lanakila ai ke kaulana honua. Ua hoʻonani ʻo ia i nā ʻano leo like ʻole me ka lokomaikaʻi ʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻo ia, e like me kāna ʻōpio i kēia manawa, ka tenor kaulana ʻo Rubini a me nā mea mele Italia koʻikoʻi o ia manawa, nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ikaika ikaika a me ka leo mezza mālie. Pīhoihoi loa ka poʻe hoʻolohe i ke kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, ka maʻemaʻe a me ka wikiwiki a ka mea pena i hīmeni ai i nā unahi chromatic, i luna a i lalo, e hana ana i kahi trill i kēlā me kēia semitone.