Moʻolelo Guitar Bass

Me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka jazz-rock, hoʻomaka ka poʻe mele jazz e hoʻohana i nā mea uila a me nā hopena like ʻole, e ʻimi ana i nā "palette kani" hou ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i ka jazz kuʻuna. ʻO nā mea kani hou a me nā hopena i hiki ke ʻike i nā ʻenehana pāʻani hou. Ma muli o ka kaulana kaulana o nā mea pena jazz no ko lākou kani a me ko lākou ʻano, he mea kūlohelohe kēia kaʻina no lākou. Ua kākau kekahi o nā mea noiʻi jazz: "He leo ponoʻī ko ka mea hoʻokani jazz. ʻAʻole ma luna o nā manaʻo kuʻuna e pili ana i ke kani o kahi mea kani, akā ma luna o kona [sound] manaʻo. A, ʻo kekahi o nā mea kani i hōʻike iā ia iho i ka jazz a me ka jazz-rock band o nā makahiki 70-80 ʻo ia ka kika bass ,  ka mōʻaukala o āu e aʻo ai ma kēia ʻatikala.

ʻO nā mea pāʻani e like me ʻO Stanley Clarke a ʻO Jaco Pastorius  ua lawe i ka hoʻokani pila bass i kahi pae hou loa i kahi moʻolelo pōkole loa o ka mea kani, e hoʻonohonoho ana i ka maʻamau no nā hanauna o nā mea pāʻani bass. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻole mua ʻia e nā hui jazz "kuʻuna" (me nā bass pālua), ua lawe ka bass guitar i kona wahi kūpono i ka jazz ma muli o ka maʻalahi o ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hōʻailona.

NA KUMU NO KA HANA I MEA HANA HOU

ʻO ka leo nui o ka mea kani he pilikia mau loa no nā bassists pālua. Me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonui ʻana, paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokūkū ʻana i ka pae leo me ka mea hoʻokani pahu, piano, kīkā a me ka hui keleawe. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole lohe pinepine ka bassist iā ia iho no ka mea e pāʻani nui ana nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia ka makemake e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia leo leo pālua i hoʻoikaika ʻia ʻo Leo Fender a me nā mea hana kīkā ʻē aʻe ma mua ona e hana i kahi mea kani i kūpono i nā koi o ka jazz bassist. ʻO ka manaʻo o Leo, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i ka mana uila o ka pahu pālua a i ʻole ke ʻano bass o ke kīkā uila.

Pono ka mea kani e hoʻokō i nā pono o nā mea hoʻokani pila ma nā hui hula liʻiliʻi ma US. No lākou, he mea nui ka ʻoluʻolu o ka lawe ʻana i ka mea kani ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā bass pālua, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka intonational [pehea ke kūkulu ʻana o ka memo], a me ka hiki ke hoʻokō i ke koena kūpono o ka leo me ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kīkā uila.

Hiki i kekahi ke manaʻo ua kaulana ka bass guitar ma waena o nā hui mele kaulana, akā ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i waena o nā hui jazz o nā makahiki 50. Aia kekahi moʻolelo Leo Fender i haku i ke kīkā bass. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hanaʻo ia i kahi hoʻolālā i lilo i mea lanakila loa a kūʻai aku, i ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i nā mea hoʻokūkū.

KA HOAO MUA A KA POE HANA GITA

Ma mua o Leo Fender, mai ke kenekulia 15, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e hana i kahi mea kani bass e hana ai i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maʻemaʻe. ʻAʻole wale kēia mau hoʻokolohua i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka nui kūpono a me ke ʻano, akā ua hele pū nō hoʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā pū, e like me nā gramophones kahiko, ma kahi o ke alahaka e hoʻonui ai i ke kani a hoʻolaha pololei.

ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻāʻo ʻana e hana i ia mea kani ʻO ke kiʻi kīʻaha ʻo Regal (Regal Bassoguitar) , hōʻike ʻia i nā makahiki 30 mua. ʻO kāna prototype he kīkā acoustic, akā hoʻokani ʻia ʻo ia ma ke kū pololei. ʻO ka nui o ka mea hana i hiki i ka 1.5 m ka lōʻihi, me ka ʻole o ka spire hapahā mika. Ua palahalaha ka fretboard e like me ke kikā, a ʻo ka unahi he 42” e like me ka pahu pālua. I loko nō hoʻi o kēia mea kani, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia intonation o ka pahu pālua - aia nā frets ma ka manamana lima, akā ua ʻoki ʻia lākou me ka ʻili o ka ʻāʻī. No laila, ʻo ia ka prototype mua o kahi kīkā bass fretless me nā kaha fretboard (Ex.1).

Ma hope aku i ka hopena o ka makahiki 1930, Gibson hoʻolauna i kā lākou ʻO Guitar Bass Electric , he kīkā semi-acoustic nui me ka pick up vertical a me ka pickup electromagnetic. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻo nā mea hoʻonui wale nō i kēlā manawa i hana ʻia no ke kīkā, a ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hōʻailona o ka mea kani hou ma muli o ka hiki ʻole o ka amplifier ke mālama i nā alapine haʻahaʻa. Ua hana wale ʻo Gibson i ia mau mea kani no ʻelua makahiki mai 1938 a i 1940 (Ex. 2).

Ua ʻike ʻia nā kīʻaha pālua uila i nā makahiki 30, a ʻo kekahi o nā ʻelele o kēia ʻohana ʻo ia ka ʻO Rickenbacker Electro Bass-Viol hana ʻia e George Beauchamp (George Beauchamp) . Ua hoʻolako ʻia me ke koʻokoʻo metala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka uhi amp, kahi kiʻi kiʻi kāmaʻa lio, a ua wahī ʻia nā kaula i ka pepa ma luna pono o ka pickup. ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia kēia bass pālua uila e lanakila i ka mākeke a lilo i mea kaulana loa. Eia naʻe, Electro Bass-Viol manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka bass uila mua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi moʻolelo. Ua hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka ʻO Mark Allen a me kāna hui mele i loko o ka 30s.

ʻO ka hapa nui, inā ʻaʻole ʻo nā mea a pau, o nā hoʻolālā kīkā bass o nā makahiki 1930 i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka hoʻolālā acoustic guitar a i ʻole ka hoʻolālā bass pālua, a pono e hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi kūlana kū. ʻAʻole i koʻikoʻi ka pilikia o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hōʻailona ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pickups, a ua hoʻopau ʻia nā pilikia o ka intonation me ke kōkua o nā frets a i ʻole nā ​​​​hōʻailona ma ka manamana lima. Akā ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia nā pilikia o ka nui a me ka lawe ʻana i kēia mau mea hana.

KE KĀKĀ KĀKĀ KĀKĀ MUA 736

I ka makahiki 1930 like, Paul H. Tutmarc Ua hoʻolauna ʻo ia i nā mea hou i ka hoʻolālā bass guitar ma kahi o 15 mau makahiki ma mua o kona manawa. I ka makahiki 1936 o Tutmark Mea Hana Audiovox hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hui ʻo ka guitar bass mua loa o ka honua e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai i kēia manawa, ka Hoʻohālike Audiovox 736 . Ua hana ʻia ke kīkā mai ka ʻāpana lāʻau hoʻokahi, he 4 mau kaula, he ʻāʻī me nā frets a me kahi pickup magnetic. ʻO ka huina, ma kahi o 100 o kēia mau kīkā i hana ʻia, a i kēia lā ʻekolu wale nō mea ola i ʻike ʻia, ʻo ke kumukūʻai hiki ke piʻi aku ma mua o $20,000. I ka makahiki 1947, ua ho'āʻo ke keiki a Paulo ʻo Bud Tutmark e kūkulu i ka manaʻo o kona makuakāne me ka Serenader Electric String Bass , akā, hāʻule.

No ka mea ʻaʻole nui ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kīkā bass Tutmark a me Fender, kūpono ke noʻonoʻo inā ʻike ʻo Leo Fender i nā kīkā ʻohana Tutmark ma kahi hoʻolaha nūpepa, no ka laʻana? ʻO Richard R. Smith ka mea kākau o ka hana a me ke ola ola a Leo Fender Fender: Ua lohe ʻia ke kani a puni ka honua, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole ʻo Fender i kope i ka manaʻo o Tutmark. Ua kope ʻia ke ʻano o ka bass a Leo mai ka Telecaster a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka bass a Tutmark.

KA HOOMAKA ANA O KA FEDER BASS

I ka makahiki 1951, ua patent ʻo Leo Fender i kahi hoʻolālā kīkā bass hou e hōʻailona ana i kahi huli ʻana i ka moʻolelo o ke kīkā bass a me nā mele ma ka laulā. ʻO ka hana nui ʻana o Leo Fender basses i hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia a pau o ka bassists o ka manawa: e ʻae iā lākou e ʻoi aku ka leo nui, e hōʻemi ana i ke kumukūʻai o ka lawe ʻana i ka mea kani, a e ʻae iā lākou e pāʻani me ka leo pololei. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ua hoʻomaka ka Fender bass guitars e loaʻa ka kaulana i ka jazz, ʻoiai i ka wā mua he nui nā mea pāʻani bass i makemake ʻole e ʻae iā ia, ʻoiai nā mea maikaʻi a pau.

Me ka manaʻo ʻole no mākou iho, ʻike mākou aia kekahi mea i ka hui. ʻAʻohe ona bassist, ʻoiai hiki iā mākou ke lohe maopopo i ka bass. Ma hope o kekona, ʻike mākou i kahi mea ʻē aʻe: ʻelua mau mea hoʻokani pila, ʻoiai hoʻokahi wale nō kā mākou i lohe ai. Ma hope iki, ua maopopo nā mea a pau. E noho ana ma ka aoao o ka mea hookani pila, he mea hookani pila e hookani ana i ke ano like me ke kika uwila, aka, i ka nana pono ana aku, ua loihi ka ai o kana kika, he mau uwau, a he kino keu kona kino me na pu mana a me ke kaula e holo ana ka amp.

DOWNBEAT MAGAZINE IULAI 1952

Ua hoʻouna ʻo Leo Fender i ʻelua o kāna mau pahu hou i nā poʻe alakaʻi o nā orkestra kaulana i kēlā manawa. Ua hele kekahi o lakou i ka lionel hampton ʻO Orchestra i ka makahiki 1952. Ua makemake nui ʻo Hampton i ka mea kani hou a koi ʻo ia i kēlā bassist Monk Montgomery , kaikaina o ka mea hookani pila Wes Montgomery , pāʻani. Bassist ʻO Steve Swallow , e kamaʻilio ana no Montgomery ma ke ʻano he mea pāʻani koʻikoʻi i ka mōʻaukala o ka bass: "No nā makahiki he nui ʻo ia wale nō ka mea i wehe maoli i ka hiki o ka mea kani i ka rock and roll and blues." ʻO kekahi bassist i hoʻomaka i ka pāʻani bass Hoʻololi ʻo Henry mai New York, ka mea i hoʻokani i ka jazz a me ka lele (jump blues).

ʻOiai e makaʻala ana ka poʻe mele jazz e pili ana i ka mea hou. Bass pololei ua kokoke i ke ʻano mele hou - rock and roll. Ma kēia ʻano kaila i hoʻomaka ai e hoʻohana ʻia me ke aloha ʻole ma muli o kona mau mana ikaika - me ka hoʻonui pono ʻana, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke hopu i ka leo o kahi kīkā uila. Ua hoʻololi mau ke kīkā bass i ke koena o ka mana i ka hui: ma ka ʻāpana mele, ma waena o ka hui keleawe a me nā mea kani ʻē aʻe.

ʻO Chicago bluesman ʻo Dave Myers, ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kīkā bass i kāna hui, hoʻonoho i ka maʻamau de facto no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kīkā bass ma nā hui ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēiaʻano i lawe mai i nā laina liʻiliʻi hou i ka blues a me ka haʻaleleʻana o nā hui nui, ma muli o ka makemakeʻole o nā mea hale kala e uku i nā laina nui i ka wā e hiki ai i nā laina liʻiliʻi ke hana like no ka liʻiliʻi o ke kālā.

Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo wikiwiki ʻana o ke kīkā bass i ke mele, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pilikia ma waena o kekahi mau bassists pālua. ʻOiai nā mea maikaʻi a pau o ka mea kani hou, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ke kīkā bass ka ʻōlelo i loko o ka bass pālua. ʻOiai nā "pilikia" o ke kani o ka mea kani i nā hui jazz kuʻuna, ʻo ia hoʻi Me nā mea kani kani wale nō, nui nā mea pāʻani pālua pālua e like me Ron Carter, no ka laʻana, hoʻohana i ke kīkā bass i ka wā e pono ai. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, nui nā "mea hoʻokani jazz kuʻuna" e like me Stan Getz, Dizzy Gillespie, Jack DeJohnette ʻaʻole kūʻē i ka hoʻohana ʻana. Ua hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana o ke kīkā bass i kona ʻaoʻao ponoʻī me nā mea hoʻokani pila e hōʻike mālie a lawe i kahi pae hou.

Mai kinohi mai…

Ua hana ʻia ka guitar bass uila mua i ka makahiki 1930 e ka mea hoʻokumu a me ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻo Seattle ʻo Paul Tutmark, akā ʻaʻole i kūleʻa loa a poina ka mea i hana ʻia. Ua hoʻolālā ʻo Leo Fender i ka Precision Bass, i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1951. Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi ma waena o 50s. Mai ia manawa, ua liʻiliʻi nā loli i ka mea i lilo koke i ka maʻamau o ka ʻoihana. ʻO ka Precision Bass ka mea hoʻohana bass nui loa a ua hana ʻia nā kope he nui o kēia mea kani nani e nā mea hana ʻē aʻe a puni ka honua.

He mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka guitar bass mua, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kāna lua o ka brainchild i ka honua - Jazz Bass. He ʻāʻī ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka pāʻani a me ʻelua pickups, hoʻokahi kipi ma ka huelo a ʻo kekahi ma ka ʻāʻī. ʻO kēia ka mea i hiki ke hoʻonui i ka laulā tonal. ʻOiai ka inoa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Jazz bass i nā ʻano mele a pau o kēia wā. E like me ka Precision, ua hana hou ʻia ke ʻano a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka Jazz Bass e nā mea hana kīkā he nui.

Ka wanaʻao o ka ʻoihana

ʻAʻole e pau, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Gibson i nā kīʻaha violin liʻiliʻi mua i hiki ke hoʻokani ʻia ma ke kū pololei a i ʻole ka pae. A laila ua hoʻomohala lākou i ka pūʻulu EB i mahalo nui ʻia, me ka EB-3 ka mea lanakila loa. A laila hele mai ka bass Thunderbird kaulana loa, ʻo ia kā lākou bass mua me ka pālākiō 34″.

ʻO kekahi laina bass kaulana ʻo ia ʻo ka hui Music Man, i hoʻomohala ʻia e Leo Fender ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hui nona kona inoa. ʻIke ʻia ka Music Man Stingray no kona leo hohonu, punchy a me ka hoʻolālā maʻamau.

Aia kekahi kīkā bass e pili ana me hoʻokahi mea hoʻokani pila - ʻo ka Hofner Violin Bass, i kapa ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo Beatle Bass. ma muli o kona hui pū ʻana me Paul McCartney. Hoʻomaikaʻi ka mea mele mele-mele kaʻao i kēia bass no kona kaumaha māmā a hiki ke hoʻololi maʻalahi i nā lima hema. ʻO ia ke kumu i hoʻohana ai ʻo ia i ka bass Hofner a hiki i 50 mau makahiki ma hope. ʻOiai he nui nā ʻano ʻokoʻa kīkā bass ʻē aʻe i loaʻa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hiʻohiʻona i wehewehe ʻia ma kēia ʻatikala a me kā lākou mau kope.

Mai ka wā jazz a hiki i nā lā mua o ka rock and roll, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā bass pālua a me kona mau hoahānau. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka jazz a me ka pōhaku, a me ka makemake no ka portability ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ka lawe ʻana, ka maʻalahi o ka pāʻani, a me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā leo bass uila, ua piʻi aʻe nā pahu uila. Mai ka makahiki 1957, i ka wā i hele ai ʻo Elvis Presley bassist Bill Black "hele i ka uila" me nā laina bass nani o Paul McCartney, nā hana hou psychedelic bass o Jack Bruce, nā laina jazz o Jaco Pastorius, nā laina holomua holomua o Tony Levine lāua ʻo Chris Squire ua hoʻouna ʻia, ʻo ka bass guitar he ikaika hiki ʻole ke kāohi. i ke mele.

BASS GUITAR MA KA HAAWINA HOPE

I nā makahiki 1960, ua noho nui nā mea pāʻani bass i nā studio. I ka wā mua, ua kapa ʻia nā bass pālua ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana me kahi kīkā bass, i hana i ka hopena tick-tock e pono ai nā mea hana. I kekahi manawa, ʻekolu mau kīʻaha i komo i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana: kahi pālua pālua, kahi Fender Precision a me kahi 6-string Danelectro. ʻIke i ka kaulana o ka Dano bass , Ua hoʻokuʻuʻo Leo Fender i kāna pono'ī Fender Bass VI ma 1961.

A hiki i ka hopena o nā makahiki 60, hoʻokani nui ʻia ke kīkā bass me nā manamana lima a i ʻole kahi koho. A hiki i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ʻo Larry Graham e paʻi i nā kaula me kona manamana lima a hoʻopaʻa me kona manamana lima. ʻO ka mea hou "kuʻi a ʻohi" ʻO ka ʻenehana percussion he ala wale nō ia e hoʻopiha ai i ka nele o ka mea hoʻokani pahu i ka pā. ʻO ke kuʻi ʻana i ke kaula me kona manamana nui, ua hoʻohālike ʻo ia i ka pahu bass, a me ka hana ʻana i ka makau me kona manamana lima, he pahu pahele.

Ma hope iki aku, ʻO Stanley Clarke hoʻohui i ke ʻano o Larry Graham a me ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa o ka bassist pālua ʻo Scott LaFaro i kāna ʻano pāʻani, lilo ka mea pāʻani bass nui mua loa ma ka mōʻaukala me Hoʻi i ka mau loa ma 1971.

PUKA BASE MAI NA ANO EA

Ma kēia ʻatikala, ua nānā mākou i ka mōʻaukala o ke kīkā bass mai kona hoʻomaka ʻana, nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻokolohua i hoʻāʻo e ʻoi aku ka leo nui, māmā, a me ke kani ʻana i ʻoi aku ka pololei ma mua o ka bass pālua ma mua o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā bass Fender. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo Fender wale nō ka mea hana i nā kī kī bass. I ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka kaulana o ka mea kani hou, ua hopu nā mea hana mea kani i ka nalu a hoʻomaka e hāʻawi i kā lākou mau mea hoʻomohala i nā mea kūʻai aku.

Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Höfner i kā lākou violin-like short-scale bass guitar i ka makahiki 1955, a kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka  Höfner 500/1 . Ma hope mai, ua ʻike nui ʻia kēia ʻano hoʻohālike ma muli o ka mea i koho ʻia ʻo ia ka mea hana nui e Paul McCartney, ka mea hoʻokani bass o nā Beatles. ʻAʻole i haʻalele ʻo Gibson ma hope o nā mea hoʻokūkū. Akā, pono kēia mau mea hana a pau, e like me ka Fender Precision Bass, i kahi ʻatikala ʻokoʻa i loko o kēia blog. A i kekahi lā e heluhelu maoli ʻoe e pili ana iā lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka pūnaewele!