ʻO Boris Nikolayevich Lyatoshinsky (Boris Lyatoshinsky) |

ʻO Boris Lyatoshinsky

ʻAʻole pili ka inoa ʻo Boris Nikolaevich Lyatoshinsky wale nō me kahi manawa nui a, ʻo ia paha ka manawa hanohano loa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mele Ukrainian Soviet, akā pū kekahi me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i kahi kālena nui, wiwo ʻole a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. I loko o nā manawa paʻakikī loa o kona ʻāina, i nā manawa ʻawaʻawa loa o kona ola ponoʻī, ua noho ʻo ia i mea pena kiʻi ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka wiwo ʻole. ʻO Lyatoshinsky ka mea haku mele symphonic. No ia, ʻo ka symphonism ke ʻano o ke ola ma ke mele, he kumu no ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā hana a pau me ka ʻole o ka ʻokoʻa - mai ke kāwele nui loa a hiki i kahi mele mele a i ʻole kahi hoʻonohonoho o kahi mele.

ʻAʻole maʻalahi ke ala o Lyatoshinsky ma ke kiʻi. A hoʻoilina intellectual, i ka makahiki 1918 ua puka 'o ia mai ka Faculty o Law o Kyiv University, i ka makahiki ma hope - mai ka Kyiv Conservatory i ka haku mele papa o R. Gliere. Ua ʻike ʻia nā makahiki haunaele o nā makahiki mua o ke kenekulia ma nā hana mua a ka haku mele ʻōpio, kahi i ʻike maopopo ʻia ai kona aloha. ʻO ka First and Second String Quartets, ka First Symphony i piha i nā manaʻo aloha ʻino, nā kumuhana mele i hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻia mai ka Scriabin hope loa. Manaʻo nui i ka huaʻōlelo - ka poetry a M. Maeterlinck, I. Bunin, I. Severyanin, P. Shelley, K. Balmont, P. Verlaine, O. Wilde, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā haku mele kahiko o Kina i loko o nā mele mele paʻakikī. kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano harmonic a me nā mea kani. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i nā hana piano o kēia manawa (Reflections, Sonata), i hōʻike ʻia e nā kiʻi hōʻike ʻoi loa, laconism aphoristic o nā kumumanaʻo a me kā lākou hoʻomohala ikaika, hoʻokani a me ka hoʻomohala maikaʻi. ʻO ka haku mele ʻo ka First Symphony (1918), i hōʻike maopopo ʻia i kahi makana polyphonic, kahi kauoha nani o nā timbres orchestral, a me ka nui o nā manaʻo.

I ka makahiki 1926, ua ʻike ʻia ka Overture ma nā kumuhana ʻehā Ukrainian, e hōʻailona ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi manawa hou, i ʻike ʻia e ka nānā pono ʻana i ka moʻolelo o Ukrainian, ke komo ʻana i nā mea huna o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o ka poʻe, i kona mōʻaukala, ka moʻomeheu (ka opera The Golden Hoop a me The The Golden Hoop). Luna Nui (Shchors) ); cantata "Zapovit" ma T. Shevchenko; i hōʻailona ʻia e nā mele maikaʻi loa, nā hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mele ʻo Ukrainian no ka leo a me ka piano a no ka papa mele a cappella, kahi i hoʻolauna wiwo ʻole ai ʻo Lyatoshinsky i nā ʻano polyphonic paʻakikī, a me nā mea ʻokoʻa no nā mele mele, akā ʻoi loa ka hōʻike ʻana a me nā ʻano kūlohelohe). ʻO ka opera The Golden Hoop (e pili ana i ka moʻolelo a I. Franko) mahalo i kahi moʻolelo moʻolelo mai ke kenekulia XNUMX. hiki ke pena i nā kiʻi o ka poʻe, a me ke aloha pōʻino, a me nā mea kupanaha. He ʻano like ʻole ka ʻōlelo mele o ka opera, me kahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o nā leitmotifs a me ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ka symphonic. I loko o nā makahiki kaua, me ka Kyiv Conservatory, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Lyatoshinsky i Saratov, kahi i hoʻomau ai ka hana ikaika ma lalo o nā kūlana paʻakikī. Ua hui mau ka haku mele me nā mea hoʻoponopono o ka lekiō. ʻO T. Shevchenko, nāna i hoʻolaha i kāna mau papahana no nā poʻe noho a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻāina i noho ʻia o Ukraine. I nā makahiki like, ua hana ʻia ka Ukrainian Quintet, ka Fourth String Quartet, a me ka Suite for String Quartet ma nā kumuhana poʻomanaʻo Ukrainian.

ʻO nā makahiki ma hope o ke kaua he ikaika loa a me ka hua. No 20 mau makahiki, ua hana ʻo Lyatoshinsky i nā mele mele nani: ma st. T. Shevchenko; nā pōʻai "Seasons" ma st. A. Pushkin, ma ke kahua. A. Fet, M. Rylsky, "Mai ka wā i hala".

Ua lilo ʻo The Third Symphony, i kākau ʻia i ka makahiki 1951, i hana koʻikoʻi. ʻO kāna kumuhana nui ka hakakā ma waena o ka maikaʻi a me ka hewa. Ma hope o ka hana mua ma ka plenum o ka Union of Composers o Ukraine, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka symphony i ka hoʻohewa hewa ʻole, maʻamau no kēlā manawa. Pono ka haku mele e hana hou i ka scherzo a me ka hope. Akā, pōmaikaʻi, ua ola ke mele. Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka manaʻo paʻakikī loa, ka manaʻo mele, ka hopena dramatic, Lyatoshinsky's Third Symphony hiki ke kau ʻia ma kahi pā me D. Shostakovich's Seventh Symphony. 50-60s i hōʻailona ʻia e ka makemake nui o ka haku mele i ka moʻomeheu Slavic. I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā aʻa maʻamau, ua aʻo nui ʻia ka maʻamau o nā Slav, Polish, Serbian, Croatian, Bulgarian folklore. ʻO ka hopena, ʻike ʻia ka "Slavic Concerto" no ka piano a me ka hoʻokani pila; 2 mazurkas ma nā kumuhana Polani no cello a me ka piano; romances ma st. A. Mitskevich; nā mele symphonic "Grazhina", "Ma nā kapa o ka Vistula"; "Polish Suite", "Slavic Overture", Fifth ("Slavic") Symphony, "Slavic Suite" no ka symphony orchestra. ʻO Pan-Slavism Lyatoshinsky ka wehewehe ʻana mai nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ke kanaka, ma ke ʻano he kaiāulu o nā manaʻo a me ka ʻike o ka honua.

Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka haku mele e nā manaʻo like ʻole i kāna hana aʻoaʻo, e lawe mai ana i hoʻokahi hanauna o nā haku mele Ukrainian. ʻO ke kula ʻo Lyatoshinsky, ʻo ia ka mea mua, ka ʻike ʻana i ke kanaka, mahalo i kahi manaʻo ʻē aʻe, ke kūʻokoʻa o ka ʻimi. ʻO ia ke kumu o kāna mau haumāna ʻo V. Silvestrov lāua ʻo L. Grabovsky, V. Godzyatsky a me N. Poloz, E. Stankovich a me I. Shamo i like ʻole i kekahi i kā lākou hana. ʻO kēlā me kēia o lākou, ke koho nei i kona ala ponoʻī, akā naʻe, i kēlā me kēia o kāna mau hana, ke kūpaʻa nei i ke kumu nui o ke Kumu - e noho i kamaʻāina ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka ʻole, he kauā o ka pono a me ka lunamanaʻo.

S. Filstein