Boris Yoffe |

ʻO Boris Yoffe

ʻO ka hana a ka mea haku mele, violinist, alakaʻi a me ke kumu ʻo Boris Yoffe, ʻoiaʻiʻo, pono ka nānā kūikawā o ka poʻe mahalo i nā mele kula, aia ia i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ka manaʻo o ka haku mele hou. Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka holomua o Joffe ma ke ʻano he haku mele e ka mea nāna e hoʻokani a hoʻopaʻa i kāna mele. Eia kahi papa inoa piha ʻole o nā mea hoʻokani kaulana o ka mele a Yoffe: Hilliard Ensemble, Rosamunde Quartet, Patricia Kopachinskaya, Konstantin Lifshits, Ivan Sokolov, Kolya Lessing, Reto Bieri, Augustine Wiedemann a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Manfred Aicher ma kāna lepili ECM ʻo Boris Yoffe's CD Song of Songs i hana ʻia e ka Hilliard Ensemble a me ka Rosamunde Quartet. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi pinepine ʻo Wolfgang Rihm i ka hana a Joffe a kākau i kahi ʻāpana o ka puke no ka puke mele mele mele. I Iulai i kēia makahiki, ua paʻi ka hale hoʻopuka Wolke ma ka ʻōlelo Kelemānia he puke o nā ʻatikala a me kahi ʻatikala na Boris Joffe "Musical Meaning" ("Musikalischer Sinn").

Me he mea lā ua hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo Joffe he haku mele lanakila, manaʻo paha kekahi e lohe pinepine ʻia kāna mele a ʻike ʻia e nā mea he nui. E nānā kākou i ke kūlana maoli. Hoʻokani nui nā mele a Yoffe i nā ʻaha mele o kēia wā? ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole kani iki. No ke aha, e ho'āʻo wau e pane ma lalo. Ehia mau manawa e pāʻani ai ma ka lekiō? ʻAe, i kekahi manawa ma ʻEulopa - ʻoi aku ka "Song of Songs" - akā aneane ʻaʻohe papahana i hoʻolaʻa piha ʻia i ka hana a Boris Yoffe (koe ka ʻIseraʻela). He nui nā ʻahamele? Hana ʻia lākou a hana ʻia ma nā ʻāina like ʻole - ma Kelemānia, Switzerland, Farani, Austria, USA, Israel, Russia - mahalo i kēlā mau mea hoʻokani pila i hiki ke mahalo i ke mele a Yoffe. Eia naʻe, pono kēia mau mea hoʻokani pila e hana ma ke ʻano he "mea hana".

ʻAʻole i kaulana loa ka mele a Boris Yoffe a, aia paha, aia wale nō ma ke ala e kaulana ai (ʻo ka mea wale nō e manaʻolana a ʻōlelo "paha", no ka mea he nui nā hiʻohiʻona i ka mōʻaukala i ka wā i mahalo ʻole ʻia ai ka maikaʻi o kona manawa. e nā mea hou). ʻO nā mea hoʻokani pila e mahalo nui i ke mele a me kona ʻano o Joffe - ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Patricia Kopatchinskaya, ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Konstantin Lifshitz a me ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Augustin Wiedenman - ke koi nei i kāna mele me kā lākou kiʻi i nā ʻaha mele a me nā hoʻopaʻa leo, akā he kulu wale kēia i ka moana o nā kaukani ʻaha mele.

Makemake au e ho'āʻo e pane i ka nīnau no ke aha i lohe pinepine ʻole ʻia ai ke mele a Boris Yoffe i nā ʻaha mele o kēia wā.

ʻO ka pilikia, ʻaʻole kūpono ka hana a Yoffe i kekahi ʻano a me ke kuhikuhi. Maanei pono e ʻōlelo koke e pili ana i ka hana nui a me ka ʻike makakū o Boris Yoffe - kāna "Book of Quartets". Mai ka waena o 90s, ua kākau ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia lā mai kahi ʻāpana quartet i kūpono i hoʻokahi ʻāpana mele me ka ʻole o ka manawa, dynamic a agogic indications. Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano o kēia mau pāʻani he "poem". E like me ka poem, pono e heluhelu ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻāpana (ma nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻoholo ka mea hoʻokani i ka tempo, agogics, a me ka dynamics mai ke mele), ʻaʻole hoʻokani wale. ʻAʻole au i ʻike i kekahi mea o ke ʻano o ke mele hou (ʻaʻole helu ʻo aleatoric), akā i nā mele kahiko, ʻo ia ka manawa a pau (ma Bach's Art of Fugue, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona no nā mea kani, ʻaʻole e haʻi i ka tempo a me ka dynamics) . Eia kekahi, paʻakikī ke "hoʻokuʻu" i ke mele a Yoffe i kahi ʻano stylistic ʻike ʻole. Ke kākau nei kekahi poʻe hoʻohewa e pili ana i nā kuʻuna a Reger lāua ʻo Schoenberg (ka mea kākau Pelekane a me ka librettist ʻo Paul Griffiths), ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mea kupanaha loa! - hoʻomanaʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe iā Cage a me Feldman - ʻike nui ʻia ka mea hope i ka hoʻohewa ʻana o ʻAmelika (Stephen Smolyar), e ʻike nei i kahi mea pili a pilikino iā Yoff. Ua kākau kekahi o nā mea hoʻohewa i kēia mau mea: "ʻO kēia mele ke tonal a me ka atonal" -ʻo ia mau manaʻo maʻamau a maʻamauʻole iʻikeʻia e ka poʻe hoʻolohe. Ua mamao loa kēia mele mai ka "maʻalahi hou" a me ka "ʻilihune" o Pärt a me Silvestrov e like me ia mai Lachenman a i ʻole Fernyhow. Pela no ka minimalism. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka mele a Joffe hiki ke ʻike i kona maʻalahi, kona ʻano hou, a me ke ʻano o ka "minimalism". I ka lohe ʻana i kēia mele, ʻaʻole hiki ke huikau me kekahi; ʻokoʻa ia e like me ke ʻano, ka leo a me ka helehelena o ke kanaka.

He aha ka mea ʻole i ka mele a Boris Yoffe? ʻAʻohe politika, ʻaʻohe "pilikia kumuhana", ʻaʻohe mea nūpepa a me ka manawa. ʻAʻohe walaʻau a nui nā triad i loko. ʻO ia mele ke kuhikuhi i kona ʻano a me kona manaʻo. Ke haʻi hou aku nei au: pono e hiki i ka mea hoʻokani mele a Joffe ke heluhelu i nā memo, ʻaʻole e pāʻani iā ​​​​lākou, no ka mea, pono ia mau mele i ka complicity. Akā, pono e komo pū ka mea hoʻolohe. Hoʻololi ia i kahi paradox: me he mea lā ʻaʻole i koi ʻia ke mele a me ka hanu ʻana me nā memo maʻamau, akā pono ʻoe e hoʻolohe pono i ke mele me ke akahele a ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia ʻia - ma ka liʻiliʻi ma ka quartet hoʻokahi minute. ʻAʻole ia he paʻakikī: ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e lilo i loea nui, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kahi ʻenehana a i ʻole manaʻo. No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a aloha i ke mele a Boris Yoffe, pono e hoʻolohe pololei a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka mele a hoʻomaka mai ia.

Ua hoʻohālikelike kekahi i ka mele a Joffe me ka wai, a ʻo kekahi me ka berena, me ka mea mua o nā mea a pau e pono ai ke ola. I kēia manawa, nui nā mea ʻai, nā mea ʻono, akā no ke aha ʻoe e make wai ai, no ke aha ʻoe e like me Saint-Exupery i ka wao nahele? ʻO ka "Book of Quartets", aia i loko o nā tausani o nā "poems", ʻaʻole wale ke kikowaena o ka hana a Boris Yoffe, akā ke kumu pū kekahi o kāna mau hana ʻē aʻe - orchestral, chamber and vocal.

ʻElua mau opera e kū kaʻawale: "The Story of the Rabbi and His Son" e pili ana iā Rabbi Nachman ma Yiddish (ʻo ka haku mele kaulana a me ka unuhi ʻōlelo ʻo Anri Volokhonsky i komo i ke kākau ʻana i ka libretto) a me "Esther Racine" e pili ana i ka kikokikona kumu o ka Farani nui. mea hana keaka. ʻO nā keaka ʻelua no ke keʻena hui. ʻO ka "Rabbi", ka mea i hana ʻole ʻia (koe wale no ka hoʻolauna), hoʻohui i nā mea kani hou a me nā mea kahiko - i nā kani like ʻole. Ua kākau ʻia ʻo ʻEsetera no nā mea mele ʻehā a me kahi hui baroque liʻiliʻi. Ua hana ʻia ma Basel i ka makahiki 2006 a pono e ʻōlelo ʻokoʻa ʻia.

ʻO "Esther Racina" kahi hoʻohanohano (hoʻohanohano) iā Rameau, akā i ka manawa like ʻaʻole he stylization ka opera a kākau ʻia ma kāna ʻano ʻike ponoʻī. Me he mea lā ʻaʻohe mea like me kēia mai ka Stravinsky's Oedipus Rex, kahi hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ʻEsetera. E like me ka opera-oratorio a Stravinsky, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ʻo ʻEsetera i hoʻokahi manawa mele – ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa pilikino. Ma nā hihia ʻelua, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā mea kākau, kā lākou aesthetics a me ka manaʻo o ke mele. Eia naʻe, ma laila e hoʻomaka ai nā ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka opera a Stravinsky he mea liʻiliʻi loa ka moʻolelo o nā mele a Stravinsky; ʻO ka mea ʻoi aku ka hoihoi i loko, ʻo ia ka mea mai kona kuʻikahi a me kāna mele ma mua o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka moʻomeheu baroque. Akā, hoʻohana ʻo Stravinsky i nā clichés, "fossils" o nā ʻano a me nā ʻano i hiki ke wāwahi ʻia a kūkulu ʻia mai kēia mau ʻāpana (e like me kā Picasso i hana ai i ka pena). ʻAʻole i uhaʻi ʻo Boris Yoffe i kekahi mea, no ka mea nona kēia mau ʻano a me nā ʻano mele baroque ʻaʻole ia he mōʻalihaku, a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana i kāna mele, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻoʻiʻo e ola ana ka moʻomeheu mele. ʻAʻole anei kēia e hoʻomanaʻo iā ʻoe i… ka hana mana o ke alahouana o ka poʻe make? ʻO ka mea wale nō, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo ka manaʻo (a ʻoi aku ka manaʻo) o kahi hana mana ma waho o ke ʻano o ke ola o ke kanaka hou. ʻO ka hana mana i hopu ʻia i loko o nā moʻolelo a Horowitz i kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻia he ʻano ʻino, a ʻo nā hana mana o Chagall he mau puʻupuʻu naive. A ʻoiai nā mea a pau: Ke ola nei ʻo Schubert ma nā palapala a Horowitz, a hoʻopiha ka mālamalama i ka Halepule o St. Stephen ma o nā puka aniani ʻeleʻele o Chagall. Aia ka ʻuhane Iudaio a me nā mele ʻEulopa me nā mea a pau i loko o ka hana a Joffe. ʻAʻole loaʻa ʻo "Esther" i nā hopena o ke ʻano o waho a i ʻole ka nani "'ōniʻoniʻo". E like me ka paukū a Racine, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke mele, akā i loko o kēia austerity maikaʻi, hāʻawi ʻia ke kūʻokoʻa i nā ʻano ʻōlelo a me nā ʻano. ʻO nā kāʻei o ka ʻāpana leo o ʻEsetera wale nō ke pili i ka empress nani, kona mau poʻohiwi palupalu a nani… E like me Mandelstam: “… Hīmeni nā mea a pau i nā wahine i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia me nā poʻohiwi kiʻekiʻe… ka mana o ke akahai, ka manaoio a me ke aloha hoopunipuni, ka haaheo a me ka inaina. ʻAʻole paha pēlā ma ke ola, akā ma ka liʻiliʻi loa e ʻike a lohe mākou. ʻAʻole kēia he hoʻopunipuni, ʻaʻole he pakele mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo: ke akahai, ka manaʻoʻiʻo, ke aloha - ʻo ia ke kanaka, ka mea maikaʻi loa i loko o mākou, nā kānaka. ʻO ka mea makemake i ke kiʻi makemake e ʻike i loko o ia mea i nā mea waiwai a maʻemaʻe wale nō, a ua lawa ka lepo a me nā nūpepa ma ka honua. A ʻaʻohe mea pili inā kapa ʻia kēia mea waiwai he akahai, a i ʻole ikaika, a i ʻole i ka manawa like. ʻO Boris Yoffe, me kāna kiʻi, hōʻike pololei i kona manaʻo no ka nani ma ka monologue a ʻEsetera mai ka hana 3. ʻAʻole ia he coincidence ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea a me nā mea hoʻokani mele o ka monologue mai ka "Book of Quartets", ka hana nui a ka mea haku mele, kahi āna e hana ai i kāna mea i manaʻo ai he pono nona iho.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Boris Yoffe i ka lā 21 o Dekemaba, 1968 ma Leningrad i loko o kahi ʻohana o nā ʻenekinia. He wahi koʻikoʻi ka Art i ke ola o ka ʻohana Yoffe, a ua hiki iā Boris liʻiliʻi ke hoʻohui i nā palapala a me nā mele i ke kakahiaka nui (ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana). I ka makahiki 9, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e pāʻani i ka violin iā ia iho, e hele ana i kahi kula mele, i ka makahiki 11 ua haku ʻo ia i kāna quartet mua, ʻo 40 mau minuke, a kā lākou mele i kāhāhā i ka poʻe hoʻolohe me kona ʻano. Ma hope o ka papa 8, ua komo ʻo Boris Yoffe i ke kula mele ma ka papa violin (ped. Zaitsev). Ma kahi o ka manawa like, he hālāwai koʻikoʻi no Joffe: ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e lawe i nā haʻawina pilikino ma ke kumumanaʻo mai Adam Stratievsky. Ua lawe mai ʻo Stratievsky i ka mea hoʻokani pila i kahi pae hou o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke mele a aʻo iā ia i nā mea hana he nui. Ua mākaukau ʻo Joffe iā ia iho no kēia hālāwai ma o kāna mele nui (he pepeiao koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, hoʻomanaʻo, a ʻo ka mea nui loa, he aloha pau ʻole i ke mele, noʻonoʻo me ke mele).

A laila aia ka lawelawe ma ka pūʻali Soviet a me ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻIseraʻela ma 1990. Ma Tel Aviv, ua komo ʻo Boris Yoffe i ka Music Academy. Rubin a hoʻomau i kāna mau haʻawina me A. Stratievsky. I ka makahiki 1995, ua kākau ʻia nā ʻāpana mua o ka Book of Quartets. Ua wehewehe ʻia ko lākou nani ma kahi ʻāpana pōkole no nā string trio, i kākau ʻia i ka wā i loko o ka pūʻali koa. I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka diski mua me nā quartets. I ka makahiki 1997, ua neʻe ʻo Boris Joffe i Karlsruhe me kāna wahine a me kāna kaikamahine mua. Ma laila ʻo ia i aʻo pū ai me Wolfgang Rihm, ua kākau ʻia ʻelua mau keaka ma laila a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻehā mau disc. Noho ʻo Joffe a hana ma Karlsruhe a hiki i kēia lā.