Alexander Vasilyevich Gauk |

Alexander Gauk

People's Artist of the RSFSR (1954). I ka makahiki 1917 ua puka 'o ia mai ka Petrograd Conservatory, kahi āna i a'o ai i ka piano na EP Daugovet, haku mele na VP Kalafati, J. Vitol, a na NN Cherepnin e alakai ana. A laila lilo ʻo ia i alakaʻi o ka Petrograd Theatre of Musical Drama. I ka makahiki 1920-31 he alakaʻi ʻo ia ma ka Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theatre, kahi āna i alakaʻi nui ai i nā ballet (Glazunov's The Four Seasons, Stravinsky's Pulcinella, Gliere's The Red Poppy, etc.). Ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi symphony. I ka makahiki 1930-33 ʻo ia ka alakaʻi alakaʻi nui o ka Leningrad Philharmonic, i ka makahiki 1936-41 - o ka State Symphony Orchestra o ka USSR, i ka 1933-36 conductor, i ka makahiki 1953-62 ke alakaʻi alakaʻi a me ka alakaʻi kiʻi o ka Bolshoi Symphony Orchestra o ka All. -Union Radio.

Noho nā hana hoʻomanaʻo i kahi kūikawā i loko o ka repertoire like ʻole o Gauk. Ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi, he nui nā hana a DD Shostakovich, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, AI Khachaturian, Yu. A. Ua hoʻokani mua ʻia ʻo Shaporin a me nā mea haku mele Soviet ʻē aʻe. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hana aʻoaʻo a Gauk i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kiʻi alakaʻi Soviet. Ma 1927-33 a me 1946-48 ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ka Leningrad Conservatory, ma 1941-43 ma Tbilisi Conservatory, ma 1939-63 ma Moscow Conservatory, a mai ka makahiki 1948 he kumu ʻo ia. Aia nā haumāna a Gauk iā EA Mravinsky, A. Sh. Melik-Pashaev, KA Simeonov, EP Grikurov, EF Svetlanov, NS Rabinovich, ES Mikeladze, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Ka mea kākau o ka symphony, symphonietta no ka string orchestra, overture, concertos me ka orkestra (no ka harp, piano), romances a me nā hana ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka opera The Marriage by Mussorgsky (1917), The Seasons and 2 cycles of Tchaikovsky's romances (1942), etc. Ua paʻi ʻia nā mokuna mai nā memoir o Gauk ma ka hōʻiliʻili "The Mastery of the Performing Artist", M., 1.

"Ua loaʻa iaʻu ka moeʻuhane o ke alakaʻi ʻana mai ka makahiki ʻekolu," i kākau ai ʻo Gauck i kāna mau memo. A mai kona wā ʻōpiopio, hoʻoikaika mau ʻo ia e hoʻokō i kēia moeʻuhane. Ma St. Petersburg Conservatory, ua aʻo ʻo Gauk i ka piano me F. Blumenfeld, a laila ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka haku mele me V. Kalafati, ʻo I. Vitol a me A. Glazunov, ua akamai i ka hana alakaʻi ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a N. Cherepnin.

Ma hope o kona puka ʻana mai ka conservatory i ka makahiki o ka Great October Revolution, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Gauk i kāna ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila ma ka Musical Drama Theatre. A he mau lā wale nō ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana o ka mana Soviet, ua kū mua ʻo ia ma ka podium e hoʻomaka i kāna hana hoʻokani opera. Ma ka lā 1 o Nowemapa (e like me ke ʻano kahiko) ua hana ʻia ʻo "Cherevichki" a Tchaikovsky.

Ua liloʻo Gauk i hoʻokahi o nā mea mele mua i hoʻoholo e hāʻawi i kāna taleni i ka lawelaweʻana i nā kānaka. I loko o nā makahiki koʻikoʻi o ke kaua kīwila, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i mua o nā koa o ka Red Army ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka brigade artistic, a ma ka waena o ka iwakālua, me ka Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra, hele ʻo ia i Svirstroy, Pavlovsk a me Sestroretsk. No laila, ua wehe ʻia nā waiwai o ka moʻomeheu honua i mua o kahi anaina hou.

ʻO kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mea pena i hoʻokani ʻia e nā makahiki i alakaʻi ai ʻo ia i ka Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra (1931-1533). Ua kapa ʻo Gauk i kēia hui "kona kumu." Akā ma ʻaneʻi ka hoʻonui ʻana i kekahi - he waiwai koʻikoʻi ko Gauk i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka orchestra, i lanakila ma hope o ka kaulana honua. Aneane i ka manawa like, ua ulu ka hana keaka a ka mea hookani pila. Ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi ballet poʻokela o ka Opera and Ballet Theatre (Mariinsky ma mua), ma waena o nā hana ʻē aʻe, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka lehulehu me nā laʻana o ka ʻōpio Soviet choreography - V. Deshevov's "Red Whirlwind" (1924), "The Golden Age" (1930) a me "Bolt" (1931) D. Shostakovich.

I ka makahiki 1933, ua neʻe ʻo Gauk i Moscow a hiki i ka makahiki 1936 i hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi alakaʻi nui o ka All-Union Radio. Hoʻoikaika hou ʻia kona pilina me nā mea haku mele Soviet. "I kēlā mau makahiki," i kākau ai ʻo ia, "ua hoʻomaka kahi manawa hoihoi, ʻoluʻolu a hua nui i ka mōʻaukala o nā mele Soviet ... Ua hoʻokani ʻo Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky i kahi hana kūikawā i ke ola mele ... pono wau e hui pinepine me Nikolai Yakovlevich, ua alakaʻi au i ka hapa nui. o na symphonies ana i kakau ai.

A i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ke poʻo nei ʻo ia i ka State Symphony Orchestra o ka USSR (1936-1941), ʻo Gauk, me nā mele kahiko, e hoʻokomo pinepine i nā haku Soviet i kāna mau papahana. Ua hāʻawiʻia iā ia ka hana mua o kāna mau hana e S. Prokofiev, N. Myaskovsky, A. Khachaturyata, Yu. Shaporin, V. Muradeli a me na mea e ae. I nā mele o ka wā ma mua, huli pinepine ʻo Gauk i nā hana i mālama ʻole ʻia e nā alakaʻi, no kekahi kumu a i ʻole kekahi. Ua lanakila ʻo ia i nā hana nui o nā papa mele: ka oratorio "Samson" na Handel, Bach's Mass in B minor, "Requiem", the Funeral and Triumphal Symphony, "Harold in Italy", "Romeo and Julia" na Berlioz ...

Mai ka makahiki 1953, ua lilo ʻo Gauk i alakaʻi alakaʻi no ka Grand Symphony Orchestra o ka All-Union Radio a me Television. Ma ka hana pū ʻana me kēia hui, ua loaʻa iā ia nā hopena maikaʻi loa, e like me ka hōʻike ʻia e ka nui o nā leo i hana ʻia ma lalo o kāna hoʻokele. Ma ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano hana o kāna hoa hana, ua kākau ʻo A. Melik-Pashayev: "ʻO kāna ʻano alakaʻi i ʻike ʻia e ke kaohi ʻana o waho me ke ahi mau ʻana i loko, ʻoi loa ka pololei i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka "hoʻouka" piha. Ua hoʻokomo ʻo ʻOi i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka papahana i kona makemake a pau ma ke ʻano he mea pena, kona ʻike āpau, kāna makana aʻoaʻo āpau, a ma ka ʻaha mele, me he mea lā e mahalo ana i ka hopena o kāna mau hana, ua kākoʻo ʻo ia i ke ahi o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻokani pila. , hoʻā ʻia e ia. A ʻo kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o kāna hiʻohiʻona kiʻi: i ka wā e hana hou ai, mai kope iā ʻoe iho, akā e hoʻāʻo e heluhelu i ka hana "me nā maka ʻē aʻe", e hoʻokomo i kahi ʻike hou i kahi wehewehe ʻoi aʻe a akamai, me he mea lā e hoʻohuli ana i nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo i loko o kahi. ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi hana kī.

Ua lawe mai ʻo Polofesa Gauk i kahi galaxy holoʻokoʻa o nā alakaʻi Soviet nui. I nā manawa like ʻole ua aʻo ʻo ia ma Leningrad (1927-1933), Tbilisi (1941-1943) a me Moscow (mai 1948) conservatories. Ma waena o kāna mau haumāna ʻo A. Melik-Pashaev, E. Mravinsky, M. Tavrizian, E. Mikeladze, E. Svetlanov, N. Rabinovich, O. Dimitriadi, K. Simeonov, E. Grikurov a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969