Mele keena |

mai ka pahu kiʻi hope - lumi; ital. musica da camera, French music de chambre chamber mele, germ. Kammermusik

ʻano mele kūikawā. kiʻi, ʻokoʻa mai ke keaka, symphonic a me ke mele ʻahamele. ʻO nā haku mele o K. m., ma ke ʻano he lula, ua manaʻo ʻia no ka hana ʻana ma nā lumi liʻiliʻi, no ka hoʻokani mele home (no laila ka inoa). Hoʻoholo a hoʻohana ʻia kēia ma K. m. instr. haku mele (mai hoʻokahi mele a i kekahi mau mea hoʻokani i hui pū ʻia i loko o kahi hui keʻena), a me kāna mau ʻano mele maʻamau. hoikeike. No K. m., ʻo ke ʻano o ka like ʻana o nā leo, hoʻokele waiwai a me nā kikoʻī maikaʻi loa o ka melodic, intonational, rhythmic. a me ka ikaika. e hōʻike. kālā, hoʻomohala akamai a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka thematic. mea waiwai. K. m. loaʻa nā mana nui no ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā mele. nā manaʻo a me nā pae maʻalahi loa o nā kūlana noʻonoʻo kanaka. ʻOiai ke kumu o K. m. mai ka Middle Ages, ka hua'ōlelo "K. m.” apono 'ia ma ka 16-17 kenekulia. I loko o kēia wā, ʻo nā mele kahiko, ʻokoʻa me nā mele ʻekalesia a me nā mele keaka, ʻo ia hoʻi ke mele honua i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻokō ʻana ma ka home a i ʻole ma ke kahua o nā mōʻī. Ua kapa ʻia nā mele o ka ʻaha ʻo "keʻena", a me nā mea hoʻokani i hana ma ka pā. ensembles, lawe i ka inoa o nā mea hoʻokani pila.

Ua wehewehe ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hale pule a me ke keʻena mele ma ka wok. ʻO nā mele kahiko ʻo L'antica musica ridotta alla moderna na Nicolo Vicentino (16). I ka makahiki 1555 ma Venice, ua hoʻopuka ʻo G. Arrigoni i ka leo Concerti da camera. like keena woks. nā genres i ka 1635 - mua. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ke kenekulia 17 i ka cantata (cantata da camera) a me ka duet. Ma ka inoa o ke kenekulia 18 "K. m.” ua hoonuiia i instr. mele. Ekalesia mua. a keena instr. ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ke mele; ʻO nā ʻokoʻa stylistic ma waena o lākou i ʻike wale ʻia i ke kenekulia 17. No ka laʻana, ua kākau ʻo II Kvanz i ka makahiki 18 e koi ana nā mele kahiko i "ʻoi aku ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ke kūʻokoʻa o ka manaʻo ma mua o ke ʻano o ka hale pule." Kiʻekiʻe instr. ua lilo ke ʻano i cyclic. sonata (sonata da camera), i hana ʻia ma ke kumu o ka hula. suites. Ua laha loa ia i ke kenekulia 1752. trio sonata me kona mau ʻano - hale pule. a me nā sonata lumi, kahi sonata solo liʻiliʻi (ʻaʻole i hui pū ʻia me basso continuo). Ua haku ʻia e A. Corelli nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā sonata trio a me nā sonata solo (me basso continuo). I ka huli ʻana o nā kenekulia 17-17. Ua ala mai ka ʻano concerto grosso, i ka wā mua i māhele ʻia i loko o ka hale pule. a me nā ʻano keʻena. Ma Corelli, no ka laʻana, ua hoʻokō ʻia kēia māhele me ka maopopo loa - mai ka 18 concerti grossi (op. 12) āna i hana ai, 7 i kākau ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka hale pule, a me 6 i ke kaila keʻena. Ua like lākou me kāna sonatas da chiesa a me ka kamera. K ser. 6th century mahele ekalesia. a ke emi mālie nei nā ʻano keʻena i ko lākou ʻano nui, akā ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mele kahiko a me nā mele ʻahamele (orchestral a me choral).

ʻO nā R. 18th century a pau i ka hana a J. Haydn, K. Dittersdorf, L. Boccherini, WA ​​Mozart i hoʻokumu i ka classic. ʻano o instr. ensemble - sonata, trio, quartet, etc., ua hoʻomohala maʻamau. instr. nā haku mele o kēia mau hui, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pilina pili ma waena o ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana a me nā hiki o ka mea kani i manaʻo ʻia (ma mua, e like me kou ʻike, ʻae pinepine nā haku mele i ka hana o kā lākou hana me nā haku mele like ʻole. ; no ka laʻana, hōʻike ʻo GF Handel i kekahi o kāna "solo" a me nā sonatas i kekahi mau mea kani). Loaʻa ka waiwai e hōʻike. manawa kūpono, instr. ʻO ka hui (ʻo ia hoʻi ka bow quartet) ua hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo o nā mea haku mele a pau a lilo i ʻano "lala keʻena" o ka symphony. ʻano ʻano. No laila, ua hōʻike ka hui i nā mea nui a pau. kuhikuhi o ke mele art-va 18-20 mau kenekulia. - mai ka classicism (J. Haydn, L. Boccherini, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven) a me ka romanticism (F. Schubert, F. Mendelssohn, R. Schumann, etc.) i ka ultramodernist abstractionist au o kēia manawa. bourgeois "avant-garde". Ma ka papahele ʻelua. ʻO ke kenekulia 2 mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o instr. K. m. hana ʻo I. Brahms, A. Dvorak, B. Smetana, E. Grieg, S. Frank, i ke kenekulia 19. — C. Debussy, M. Ravel, M. Reger, P. Hindemith, L. Janacek, B. Bartok, B. Britten a me na mea e ae.

He haawina nui ia K. m. ua hana ʻia e Lūkini. haku mele. Ma Rūsia, hoʻomaka ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke keʻena mele i nā makahiki 70. Kenekulia 18; mua instr. ua kākau ʻia nā ensembles e DS Bortnyansky. K. m. loaʻa hou ka hoʻomohala ʻana mai AA Alyabyev, MI Glinka a hiki i ke kiʻi kiʻekiʻe loa. pae i ka hana a PI Tchaikovsky a me AP Borodin; ʻO kā lākou keʻena haku mele i hōʻike ʻia e kahi nat i haʻi ʻia. maʻiʻo, psychology. Ua nānā nui ʻo AK Glazunov lāua ʻo SV Rakhmaninov i ka hui o ke keʻena, a no SI Taneev ka mea nui. ʻano hana hana. ʻOi aku ka waiwai a me nā mea kani keʻena like ʻole. hoʻoilina pueo. haku mele; ʻO kāna mau laina nui he lyrical-dramatic (N. Ya. Myaskovsky), tragic (DD Shostakovich), lyrical-epic (SS Prokofiev) a me ka moʻolelo.

I ke kaʻina o ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala kaila K. m. ua undergone ala. hoʻololi, e hoʻokokoke ana i kēia manawa me ka symphonic, a laila me ka 'aha mele ("symphonization" o ka bow quartets na L. Beethoven, I. Brahms, PI Tchaikovsky, nā hiʻohiʻona o ka concerto ma L. Beethoven "Kreutzer" sonata, ma S. Frank's violin sonata , ma nā hui o E. Grieg). I ke kenekulia 20 ua hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano kūʻē - rapprochement me K. m. symf. a conc. nā genres, ʻoi aku i ka wā e pili ana i ka lyrical-psychological. a me nā kumuhana noʻonoʻo e pono ai ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ext. ka honua o ke kanaka (14th symphony na DD Shostakovich). ʻO nā symphonies a me nā concerto no kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā mea kani i loaʻa i kēia manawa. laha loa ka mele, lilo i mau ano keena like ole (e nana i ka Chamber Orchestra, Chamber Symphony).

Mai con. ʻO ke kenekulia 18 a ʻoi loa i ke kenekulia 19. wahi koʻikoʻi ma ka mele claim-ve took wok. K. m. (ma nā ʻano mele a me ke aloha). Waiho. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka manaʻo iā ia e nā haku mele aloha, i makemake nui ʻia i ka mele. honua o nā manaʻo kanaka. Ua hana lākou i kahi ʻano wok polished, i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā kikoʻī maikaʻi loa. nā mea liʻiliʻi; Ma ka papahele ʻelua. 2th kenekulia ka nui noonoo wok. K. m. ua haawiia mai e I. Brahms. I ka huli ʻana o nā kenekulia 19-19. Ua ʻike ʻia nā haku mele, ma ka hana a ke keʻena woks. Ua noho nā genres i kahi kūlana alakaʻi (H. Wolf ma Austria, A. Duparc ma Farani). Ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia nā ʻano mele a me ke aloha ma Rūsia (mai ka kenekulia 20); wehe. ʻoihana noʻeau. hiki ke kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke keʻena woks. nā hana a MI Glinka, AS Dargomyzhsky, PI Tchaikovsky, AP Borodin, MP Mussorgsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, SV Rachmaninov. Nui nā romances a me ke keʻena woks. nā pōʻaiapuni i hana ʻia nā pueo. nā haku mele (AN Aleksandrov, Yu. V. Kochurov, Yu. A. Shaporin, VN Salmanov, GV Sviridov, etc.). I loko o ke kenekulia 18 ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi wok keʻena e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke ʻano. kaila hoʻokō e pili ana i ka ʻōlelo hoʻolaha a me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā kikoʻī leo kani maikaʻi loa a me ka semantic o ke mele. Kūlana Lūkini. ʻO MA Olenina-D'Alheim ka mea hoʻokani keʻena 20th century. ʻO ka zarub hou loa. nā leo leo keʻena - D. Fischer-Dieskau, E. Schwarzkopf, L. Marshall, ma USSR - AL Dolivo-Sobotnitsky, NL Dorliak, ZA Dolukhanova a me nā mea'ē aʻe.

Nui a me nā ʻano mea kani keʻena. nā mea liʻiliʻi o nā kenekulia 19 a me 20 Ma waena o lākou he fp. "Nā mele me ka ʻōlelo ʻole" na F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, hoʻokani ʻia e R. Schumann, waltzes, nocturnes, preludes and etudes na F. Chopin, chamber piano. nā hana liʻiliʻi e AN Scriabin, SV Rachmaninov, "Fleeting" a me "Sarcasm" na SS Prokofiev, preludes e DD Shostakovich, nā ʻāpana violin e like me "Legends" na G. Veniavsky, "Melodies" a me "Scherzo na PI Tchaikovsky, cello nā mea liʻiliʻi na K. Yu. Davydov, D. Popper, etc.

I ke kenekulia 18 K. m. ua manaʻo wale ʻia no ka hana mele home ma kahi pōʻai haiki o nā connoisseurs a me nā amateurs. I ke kenekulia 19, ua hoʻomaka pū ʻia nā ʻahamele keʻena lehulehu (ʻo nā ʻaha mele mua loa na ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo P. Baio ma Paris i ka makahiki 1814); e ser. Ua lilo lākou i ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ʻEulopa. ola mele (nā keena ahiahi o ka Paris Conservatory, nā ʻaha mele o ka RMS ma Rusia, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe); aia he mau hui o ka poe kamaaina o K. m. (Petersb. about-in K. m., founded in 19, etc.). Pueo. Hoʻonohonoho mau nā philharmonics i nā ʻaha mele ma nā hanana kūikawā. hale (Hale liʻiliʻi o ka Conservatory Moscow, Hale Liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ma hope o MI Glinka ma Leningrad, etc.). Mai ka makahiki 1872 mai K. m. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻahamele ma nā keʻena nui. Prod. K. m. e komo nui ana iloko o ka conc. repertoire a nā mea hoʻokani. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ensemble instr. Ua lilo ka string quartet i mea kaulana loa.

E hoʻomaopopo ': ʻO Asafiev B., mele Lūkini mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XIX, M. – L., 1930, paʻi hou ʻia. – L., 1968; Moolelo o Rusia Soviet Music, vol. I-IV, M., 1956-1963; ʻO Vasina-Grossman VA, ka moʻolelo kahiko Lūkini, M., 1956; nona iho, mele Romantic o ke kenekulia 1967, M., 1970; nona, Masters of the Soviet romance, M., 1961; ʻO Raaben L., Mea Hoʻohui i nā mele Lūkini, M., 1963; kāna, ke keʻena Soviet a me nā mele mea kani, L., 1964; kāna, Nā haku o ka hui Soviet-instrumental ensemble, L., XNUMX.

LH Raaben