Fugato |

ital. fugato, literally - fugue, fugue-like, like a fugue

ʻO kahi ʻano hoʻohālike, e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana o ke kumuhana (pinepine pū kekahi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana) pili i ka fugue (1).

ʻAʻole like me ka fugue, ʻaʻohe ona polyphony i hōʻike maopopo ʻia. hana hou; hoʻohana maʻamau ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kahi holoʻokoʻa nui. He hōʻike maopopo o ke kumuhana, hoʻohālike. ke komo ʻana o nā leo a me ka densification mālie o ka polyphonic. ʻO nā kikokikona he mau mea ola. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o P. (hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo P. i kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona i loaʻa i kēia mau ʻano; i ka wā e ʻole ai, hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "fugue presentation"), ʻo F. he ʻano ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi ma mua o ka fugue: hiki ke loli ka helu o nā balota ma aneʻi. (ʻO ka hapa mua o ka symphony a Taneyev ma c-moll, helu 1), ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kumuhana ma nā leo āpau (ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Credo mai Beethoven's Solemn Mass) a i ʻole e hōʻike koke ʻia me kahi counterposition (12st Myaskovsky's symphony, helu 21. ); He mea maʻamau ka ratio quarto-quint o ke kumumanaʻo a me ka pane, akā ʻaʻole maʻamau nā digressions (introduction to the 1rd act of Wagner's opera The Nuremberg Mastersingers; 3st part of Shostakovich's 1th symphony, helu 5-17). F. ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano. Ma na Op. ʻO ka māhele paʻa loa o ka fugue, ka exposition, ua hoʻopuka houʻia, a he poʻo hoʻokahi maopopo. ʻo ka hoʻomaka o F., ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale loa iā ia mai nā mele mua, ʻokoʻa me ka hopena, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai c.-l. he hoʻomau ʻokoʻa, pinepine ʻole polyphonic (ka hopena o ka piano sonata No. 19, 6nd neʻe ʻana o ka symphony No. 2 a Beethoven; e ʻike pū i kahi laʻana ma ke kolamu 1).

Ma waho aʻe o ka hōʻike ʻana, hiki i ka F. ke loaʻa i kahi ʻāpana e like me ka ʻāpana hoʻomohala o ka fugue (ka hopena o ka quartet a Tchaikovsky No. 2, helu 32), i hoʻololi pinepine ʻia i kahi hoʻomohala sonata (ka hapa mua o ka quartet a Frank ma D. -dur). I kekahi manawa, wehewehe ʻia ʻo F. ma ke ʻano he hana paʻa ʻole (pālua F. i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hapa 1 o ka symphony 1 o Tchaikovsky: d-moll – a-moll – e-moll – h-moll). Hoʻohana i ka F. complex contrapuntal. ʻAʻole hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻenehana (F. me kahi kūʻē paʻa i ka ʻāpana 6 o Myaskovsky's 1th symphony, helu 5; stretta ma F. "E hōʻike iā lākou i ke ʻano o ka mana" mai ka hana 13nd o ka opera "May Night" na Rimsky-Korsakov ; pālua F. ma ka 2nd neʻe ʻana o Beethoven's 2th symphony, triple F. i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka opera Die Meistersingers of Nuremberg na Wagner, bar 7, ʻelima F. (fugue) ma ke coda o ka hope o ka symphony C-dur a Mozart. Jupiter), akā naʻe maʻalahi nā hoʻohālike. ʻO nā ʻano ka mea maʻamau.

Inā ʻike ʻia ka fugue e ka piha o ka hoʻomohala a me ke kiʻi. kūʻokoʻa o ke kiʻi, a laila F. pāʻani i ka subordinate kuleana i loko o ka huahana, i ka mea "ulu i loko".

ʻO ka hoʻohana maʻamau o F. i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka sonata: dynamic. ʻO nā mea hiki ke hoʻohālikelike e hoʻomākaukau i ka piko o kahi kumuhana hou a i ʻole ʻāpana; Hiki iā F. ke loaʻa ma ka hoʻomaka (ka hapa mua o ka 1th symphony a Tchaikovsky), a ma ke kikowaena (ka hapa mua o ka 6st symphony a Kalinnikov) a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻāpana predicate o ka hoʻomohala ʻana (ka hapa mua o ka 1th concerto no ka piano. me ka Beethoven Orchestra) ; ʻO ke kumu o ke kumuhana nā manaʻo maopopo o ka hapa nui (ʻo nā kumuhana melodious o ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao e hana pinepine ʻia ma ka canonically).

AK Glazunov. 6th symphony. Mahele II.

Ma keʻano laulā, loaʻa iā F. ka noi ma kekahi ʻāpana o ka mele. prod.: i ka hōʻike ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kumuhana (Allegro i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka opera "The Magic Flute" na Mozart; ʻo ka hapa nui o ka overture i ka opera "The Bartered Bride" na Smetana), ma ka episode (ka hope loa o ka 5th symphony a Prokofiev, helu 93), reprise (fp sonata h-moll na Liszt), solo cadence (violin concerto na Glazunov), ma ka hoʻolauna (ka hapa mua o nā string 1 o ka Glazunov quartet) a me ka coda (ka hapa mua. ʻO ka symphony o Berlioz ʻo Romeo lāua ʻo Julia), ʻo ka ʻaoʻao waena o kahi ʻano ʻekolu ʻāpana paʻakikī (ka aria o Gryaznoy mai ka hana 5 o ka opera The Tsar's Bride na Rimsky-Korsakov), ma ka rondo (No 1 mai Bach's St. Matthew. Aloha); ma ke ʻano o F., hiki ke haʻi ʻia kahi leitmotif opera ("ke kumuhana o nā kāhuna" i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka opera "Aida" na Verdi), hiki ke kūkulu ʻia kahi kahua opera (No 1 s mai ka hana 36 o " Prince Igor" na Borodin); i kekahi manawa ʻo F. kekahi o nā ʻano like ʻole (No. 20 mai Bach's Goldberg Variations; chorus "The Wonderful Queen of Heaven" mai ka 3rd act of the opera "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevronia" na Rimsky-Korsakov , helu 22); F. ma ke kuokoa. he ʻāpana (JS Bach, BWV 3; AF Gedicke, op. 171 No 962) a i ʻole he ʻāpana o ka pōʻai (36nd neʻe ʻana o ka symphoniette a Hindemith ma E). Puka F. (a kokoke paha) i ka hana. ʻano koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana hoʻohālike, e uhi ana i nā leo āpau.

ʻO Josquin Despres. Missa sexti toni (super L'homme armé). Ka hoomaka ana o Kyrie.

Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo F. ma Op. haku mele 17 – 1 papa. Ke kenekulia 18 (no ka laʻana, ma nā gigues mai nā instr. suites, ma nā ʻāpana wikiwiki o nā overtures). F. hoʻohana maʻalahi iā JS Bach, hiki i ka laʻana. i nā haku mele, nā mea hoʻokani kiʻi kupaianaha a me nā keaka. ʻōlelo (ma ka No. 33 "Sind Blitze, sind Donner ma Wolken verschwunden" a ma ka No. 54 "LaЯ ihn kreuzigen" mai ka Matthew Passion). No ka mea hoike. ʻike maopopo ʻia ke ʻano o F. i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka hōʻike homophonic, nā haku mele o ka papahele 2. 18 - noi. Hoʻohana nā kenekulia 19 i kēia ʻokoʻa "chiaroscuro" ma nā ʻano like ʻole. F. ma instr. prod. Haydn - he ala o ka polyphonizing homophonic thematics (reprise of the 1st part of the strings. Quartet op. 50 No 2); ʻIke ʻo Mozart ma F. i kekahi o nā ala e hoʻopili ai i ka sonata a me ka fugue (ka hopena o ka G-dur quartet, K.-V. 387); Piʻi nui ka hana a F. ma Op. ʻO Beethoven, ʻo ia ma muli o ka makemake o ka mea haku mele no ka polyphonization maʻamau o ke ʻano (pālua F. i ka reprise o ka ʻāpana 2nd o ka 3 symphony e hoʻonui a hoʻonui i ka hoʻomaka ʻino). ʻO F. ma Mozart a me Beethoven he lālā pono ʻole i ka ʻōnaehana polyphonic. nā ʻāpana i hana i kahi "polyphonic nui" ma ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi neʻe (fugueed nui a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao i ka hōʻike, ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao i ka reprise, imitative development, stretta coda i ka hopena o ka G-dur quartet, K.-V 387 Mozart) a i ʻole ka pōʻai (F. i ka neʻe mua, 1 a me 2 o ka symphony 4, F. i ka neʻe 9, e pili ana i ka fugue hope, ma ka sonata piano a Beethoven No 1). Nā haku o ke kenekulia 29, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hoʻokō o nā ʻelele o ka Classic Viennese. kula, unuhi F. ma ke ano hou - ma ke ano o ka lako polokalamu ("Battle" i ka hookomo ana o "Romeo a me Julia" na Berlioz), ke ano (hopena o ka 19st hana o ka opera "Carmen" na Bizet), pictorial ( blizzard i ka hopena o ka 1. o ka opera Ivan Susanin na Glinka) a me ka fantastically pictorial (ke kiʻi o ka ulu lāʻau ulu i ka 4rd hana o ka opera The Snow Maiden na Rimsky-Korsakov, helu 3), e hoʻopiha iā F. me kahi. ka manaʻo kiʻi hou, e wehewehe ana i ke ʻano o ka daimonio. hoʻomaka (mahele "Mephistopheles" mai Liszt's Faust Symphony), ma ke ʻano he hōʻike no ka noʻonoʻo ʻana (introduction to the opera Faust by Gounod; introduction to the 253rd act of the opera Die Meistersingers Nuremberg by Wagner), as realistic. he kiʻi o ke ola o ka poʻe (hoʻomaka i ka 3st scene o ka prologue o ka opera "Boris Godunov" na Mussorgsky). Loaʻa iā F. nā noi like ʻole ma waena o nā haku haku o ke kenekulia 1. (R. Strauss, P. Hindemith, SV Rakhmaninov, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, DD Shostakovich a me nā mea'ē aʻe).

E hoʻomaopopo ': e nānā ma lalo o Art. Fugue.

VP Frayonov