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ʻO Chicago Symphony Orchestra

ʻIke ʻia ʻo Chicago Symphony Orchestra ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani pila o ko mākou manawa. ʻO nā hana a ka CSO i koi nui ʻia ʻaʻole wale ma kona ʻāina hānau, akā i nā poʻo mele o ka honua. I Kepakemapa 2010, ua lilo ka mea alakaʻi kaulana ʻo Riccardo Muti i luna mele ʻumi o ka CSO. ʻO kāna ʻike no ke kuleana o ka orchestra: ʻo ka hoʻohonu ʻana i ka launa pū ʻana me ka poʻe hoʻolohe ʻo Chicago, ke kākoʻo ʻana i kahi hanauna hou o nā mea hoʻokani pila, a me ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea pena kiʻi alakaʻi he hōʻailona ia o ke au hou no ka bana. ʻO ka haku mele a me ka mea alakaʻi Farani ʻo Pierre Boulez, nona ka pilina lōʻihi me ka CSO i kōkua i kona koho ʻana ma ke ʻano he Poʻokela Guest Conductor ma 1995, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Honorary Conductor o ka Helen Rubinstein Foundation ma 2006.

Ma ka launa pū ʻana me nā alakaʻi alakaʻi kaulana a me nā mea pena kiʻi malihini, hoʻokō ka CSO ma luna o 150 mau ʻahamele i ka makahiki ma Chicago Center, ka Symphony Center, a me kēlā me kēia kauwela ma ka Ravinia Festival ma Chicago's North Shore. Ma o kāna haʻawina hoʻolaʻa, "The Institute for Learning, Access, and Training," ke kiʻi nei ka CSO ma luna o 200.000 mau kamaʻāina kūloko o Chicago i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ʻekolu mau hanana media kūleʻa i ka makahiki 2007: CSO-Resound (he lepili orchestral no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā CD a me nā hoʻoiho kikohoʻe), nā hoʻolaha aupuni me nā hoʻolaha hou o kēlā me kēia pule o kā lākou hana ponoʻī, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka noho ʻana o ka CSO ma ka Pūnaewele - manuahi manuahi o ka orchestra. wikiō a me nā hōʻikeʻike hou.

I Ianuali 2010, ua lilo ʻo Yo-Yo Ma i mea aʻoaʻo noʻonoʻo mua no ka Judson & Joyce Green Foundation, i koho ʻia e Riccardo Muti no ʻekolu makahiki. Ma kēia kuleana, he hoa waiwai nui ʻo ia iā Maestro Muti, ka hoʻokele CSO a me nā mea hoʻokani pila, a ma o kāna hana kiʻi like ʻole a me ka hiki ke hoʻopili aku me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ua lilo ʻo Yo-Yo Ma, me Muti, i mea hoʻoikaika maoli i ka poʻe ʻike ma Chicago. , e ʻōlelo ana no ka mana hoʻololi o ke mele. E komo ʻo Yo-Yo Ma i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana hou, nā papahana a me nā pūʻulu mele ma lalo o ka mana o The Institute for Learning, Access, and Training.

Ua hoʻomaka nā haku mele hou ʻelua i ʻelua makahiki me ka orchestra i ka hāʻule 2010. Ua koho ʻia ʻo Mason Bates lāua ʻo Anna Kline e Riccardo Muti e mālama i ka MusicNOW Concert Series. Ma o ka launa pū ʻana me nā mea pena kiʻi mai nā kula a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, hoʻoikaika ʻo Bates lāua ʻo Kline e uhai i nā pale kuʻuna o ka hui ʻo Chicago ma o ka lawe ʻana i nā manaʻo hou i ka pilina a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻike mele kūʻokoʻa. Ma waho aʻe o ka moʻo MusicNOW, kahi i kākau ai kēlā me kēia haku mele i kahi ʻāpana hou (e hoʻomaka ana i ka puna o 2011), ua hana ʻo CSO i nā hana a Kline a me Bates i nā ʻaha mele inoa inoa o ka makahiki 2010/11.

Mai ka makahiki 1916, ua lilo ka ho'opa'a leo i mea nui o ka hana a ka orchestra. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka lepili CSO-Resound ʻo Verdi's Requiem i alakaʻi ʻia e Riccardo Muti a me ka Chicago Symphony Choir, Rich Strauss's A Hero's Life a me Webern's In the Summer Wind, Bruckner's Seventh Symphony, Shostakovich's Fourth Symphony, First, Second, Mahler's Thimphonies. - nā mea a pau ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Bernard Haitink, Poulenc's Gloria (featuring soprano Jessica Rivera), Ravel's Daphnis and Chloe me ka Chicago Symphony Choir ma lalo o B. Haitink, Stravinsky's Pulcinella, ʻEhā Etudes a me Symphony i ʻekolu neʻe Pierre Boulez, "Traditions and Transformations" : Nā leo o ke Alanui Silika o Chicago, e hōʻike ana i ka Silk Road Ensemble, Yo-Yo Ma a me Wu Man; a, no ka hoʻoiho wale ʻana, he leo o Shostakovich's Fifth Symphony i alakaʻi ʻia e Moon Wun Chung.

ʻO CSO ka mea i loaʻa iā 62 Grammy Awards mai ka National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o Shostakovich's Fourth Symphony me Haitink, e komo pū ana me kahi hōʻike DVD o "Beyond the Score", lanakila i ka Grammy 2008 no "Best Orchestral Performance". I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua lanakila ʻo Traditions and Transformations: Sounds of the Silk Road i kahi Grammy no ka Best Classical Album Mixing. ʻO ka mea hou loa, i ka makahiki 2011, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi hoʻopaʻa ʻana o Verdi's Requiem me Riccardo Muti i ʻelua Grammys: no "Best Classical Album" a no "Best Choral Performance".

Ua hoʻopuka ʻo CSO i kāna hoʻolaha i kēlā me kēia pule mai ʻApelila 2007, i hoʻolaha ʻia ma ka pūnaewele lekiō WFMT holoʻokoʻa, a me ka pūnaewele ma ka pūnaewele o ka orchestra - www.cso.org. Hāʻawi kēia mau hoʻolaha i kahi ala hou a ʻokoʻa i ka papahana lekiō mele maʻamau - ʻoluʻolu a me nā mea hoihoi i hoʻolālā ʻia e hāʻawi i ka ʻike hohonu a hāʻawi i nā pilina hou aku i nā mele i hoʻokani ʻia i ka manawa ʻahamele o ka orchestra.

Ua hoʻomaka ka moʻolelo o ka Chicago Symphony i ka makahiki 1891 i ka manawa i kono ʻia ai ʻo Theodore Thomas, ke alakaʻi alakaʻi alakaʻi o ʻAmelika a me ka "paionia" ma ke mele, e ka mea kālepa ʻo Chicago ʻo Charles Norman Fey e hoʻokumu i kahi mele symphony ma ʻaneʻi. ʻO ka pahuhopu o Thomas - e hoʻokumu i kahi mele hoʻokani mau loa me nā mana hana kiʻekiʻe loa - ua hoʻokō ʻia i nā ʻaha mele mua i ʻOkakopa o ia makahiki. Ua lawelawe ʻo Thomas ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi mele a hiki i kona make ʻana i ka makahiki 1905. Ua make ʻo ia i ʻekolu pule ma hope o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke keʻena, ka home mau o ka Chicago Orchestra, i ke kaiāulu.

ʻO ka hope o Thomas, ʻo Frederick Stock, ka mea i hoʻomaka i kāna ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he viola i ka makahiki 1895, ua lilo ʻo ia i alakaʻi alakaʻi kōkua ʻehā makahiki ma hope. ʻO kona noho ʻana ma ke poʻo o ka orkestra he 37 mau makahiki, mai 1905 a 1942 - ʻo ka manawa lōʻihi loa o nā alakaʻi he ʻumi o ka hui. ʻO nā makahiki ikaika a paionia o Stock i ka makahiki 1919 i hiki ai ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka Civic Orchestra o Chicago, ka mea hoʻokani pila aʻo mua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i hui pū ʻia me kahi symphony nui. Ua hana ikaika ʻo Stock me ka poʻe ʻōpio, e hoʻonohonoho ana i nā ʻaha mele inoa inoa mua no nā keiki a hoʻomaka i kahi ʻano o nā ʻaha mele kaulana.

ʻEkolu mau alakaʻi koʻikoʻi i alakaʻi i ka orchestra i nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana: ʻo Désiré Defoe mai 1943 a i 1947, ua noho ʻo Artur Rodzinsky i ke keʻena ma 1947/48, a ua alakaʻi ʻo Rafael Kubelik i ka orchestra no ʻekolu kau mai 1950 a 1953.

ʻO nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana iā Fritz Reiner, nona nā mele me ka Chicago Symphony Orchestra i manaʻo ʻia he maʻamau. ʻO Reiner ka mea, i ka makahiki 1957, kono iā Margaret Hillis e hoʻonohonoho i ka Chicago Symphony Choir. No nā kau ʻelima - mai 1963 a 1968 - ua paʻa ʻo Jean Martinon i ke kūlana o ke alakaʻi mele.

ʻO Sir Georg Solti ka luna mele ʻewalu o ka orchestra (1969-1991). Ua paʻa ʻo ia i ke poʻo inoa ʻo Honorary Music Director a ua hana pū me ka orchestra no kekahi mau pule i kēlā me kēia kau a hiki i kona make ʻana i Kepakemapa 1997. ʻO ka hōʻea ʻana o Solti i Chicago ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kekahi o nā hui mele lanakila loa o ko mākou manawa. ʻO ka huakaʻi haole mua o ka CSO i mālama ʻia ma 1971 ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ʻana, a ʻo nā huakaʻi ma hope o ʻEulopa, a me nā huakaʻi i Iapana a me Australia, ua hoʻoikaika i ka inoa o ka orchestra ma ke ʻano he hui mele maikaʻi loa ma ka honua.

Ua koho ʻia ʻo Daniel Barenboim i alakaʻi mele ma Kepakemapa 1991, kahi kūlana āna i paʻa ai a hiki i Iune 2006. Ua hōʻailona ʻia kāna alakaʻi mele ma ka wehe ʻana o ka Chicago New Music Center i ka makahiki 1997, nā hana opera ma ke keʻena orchestra, nui nā hana virtuosic me ka orchestra ma ka. ʻelua hana o ka pianist a me ke alakaʻi, 21 mau huakaʻi honua i mālama ʻia ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi (me ka huakaʻi mua i ʻAmelika Hema) a ua puka mai ka moʻo mele o ka mea haku mele.

ʻO Pierre Boulez, ʻo ia ke alakaʻi hoʻohanohano i kēia manawa, ʻo ia kekahi o ʻekolu mau mea hoʻokani pila e paʻa i ka inoa ʻo Principal Guest Conductor o ka orchestra. ʻO Carlo Maria Giulini, ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka hoʻokani maʻamau ma Chicago i ka hopena o 1950s, ua koho ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Principal Guest Conductor ma 1969, kahi i noho ai a hiki i 1972. Ua lawelawe ʻo Claudio Abbado mai 1982 a i 1985. Mai 2006 a i 2010, ʻo ka alakaʻi alakaʻi koʻikoʻi Dutch i lawelawe ʻo Bernhard Haitink. alakaʻi alakaʻi, hoʻomaka i ka papahana CSO-Resound a komo i nā huakaʻi huakaʻi lanakila lanakila.

Ua hui lōʻihi ka Chicago Symphony Orchestra me Ravinia ma Highland Park, Illinois, a ua hoʻokani mua ma laila i Nowemapa 1905. Ua kōkua ka orchestra i ka wehe ʻana i ka manawa mua o ka Ravinia Festival i ʻAukake 1936 a ua hoʻokani mau ʻia ma laila i kēlā me kēia kauwela mai ia manawa.

Nā alakaʻi mele a me nā alakaʻi alakaʻi:

Theodore Thomas (1891-1905) Frederic Stock (1905-1942) Desiree Dafoe (1943-1947) Artur Rodzynski (1947—1948) Rafael Kubelik (1950-1953) Fritz Reiner (1953-1963) Jean1963 Irwinon (1968-1968) Jean Martinon Hoffman (1969—1969) Georg Solti (1991-1991) Daniel Barenboim (2006-2006) Bernard Haitink (2010-2010) Riccardo Muti (mai XNUMX)