Hale 'ahamele |

ʻO nā keʻena ʻaha mele he mau wahi i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻokani pila o ka lehulehu. nā huahana, lako pono a hoʻokō i kekahi mau koi acoustic. a me nā koi hoʻolālā. Hiki i ka. - istorich hopena kūlohelohe. hoʻomohala mele. moʻomeheu i con. 17 - noi. Keneturi 18 Inā i ka wā ma mua o nā kikowaena isp. he mau halepule, halealii, halepule. t-ry, poe alii. nā salons i loaʻa no ka ninini palena. pōʻai o nā kānaka, a laila i ka ulu ʻana o ka bourgeoisie. hui conc. ua hoʻomaka ka lehulehu e hoʻonui nui, aia nā conc. nā hui i hoʻonohonoho i nā hana maʻamau o nā hui a me nā soloists ma ka hale o nā mea kālepa. a me nā hui ʻoihana, nā keʻena o nā hōkele a me nā hale ʻaina, a me nā hale o nā hale keaka opera. ʻO ka mua kūikawā K. z. ua kūkulu ʻia ma 1690 ma Lākana e ka Concerts of Vocal and Instrumental Music Society. I loko o ke kenekulia 18 K. z. ua ala mai ma Farani, Holani, Geremania, a me kekahi mau aina Europa e ae; ʻO nā hui, nā hale paʻi puke, nā muses i komo i kā lākou hana. about-va a me na hui e ae. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana o K. z. i ke kenekulia 19 ma muli o ke kaʻina hana o ka democratization o muses. ola, a me ka puka ʻana mai o nā orkestra mau nui. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui a me ka hiki o nā keʻena (a hiki i 1,5-2 tausani kānaka). I ka manawa like i hoʻomohala ʻia i ka hale hana a me ka acoustic. nā loina e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻenehana o ia wā.

I ke kenekulia 20, hoʻomau ka hana ikaika o K. z. Ke hāpai ʻia nei nā loea. ke ho'iho'i 'ia nei nā lumi no nā 'aha mele a ho'olako hou 'ia no nā hale 'ahamele. na halealii kahiko a me na hale kakela, ma kekahi mau mea e like me K. z. hoʻohana ʻia nā hale pule. hale kūkulu hale. Me kēia, hana ʻia nā K. z nui. (3 tausani a ʻoi aku paha nā wahi), kahi i hoʻokō ʻia ai nā mea hou loa o ka acoustics. ʻenehana. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ke ʻano huinahā o nā kaapuni pōkole mua e lilo i ʻano. i ka rectangular a i ole oval, me ke kahua, kaawale maopopo mai ka poe ana mai. lālani. Ma nā hihia o ke keʻena, aia ke kahua i waenakonu o ke keʻena. Nui o K. z hou. ʻokoʻa: nā keʻena keʻena (a hiki i 500 noho) i manaʻo ʻia no Ch. arr. no na hana hookani solo, no na ahiahi sonata a me na instr liilii. a wok. ensembles; nā hale nui (mai nā noho 500 aʻoi aʻe paha) - no nā hana symphonic. orkestra, himeni, mele a me ke mele. pūʻulu, a me nā alakaʻi soloists. He mau mea i kapaia. nā keʻena'ahamele kauwela i kūkuluʻia ma ka lewa ākea ma keʻano o nā amphitheatre me kahi papa "shell" a iʻole me nā noho no ka poʻe nānā ma lalo o kahi hale kukui. Ke kūkulu ʻia nei nā keʻena like bh ma nā wahi hoʻokipa a me nā wahi kūloko o nā kūlanakauhale nui. ʻO nā K. z. loaʻa nā kikowaena moʻomeheu hou o ka honua. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā keʻena no ka philharmonic, mele. e pili ana iā ʻoe, nā conservatories, prof. nā hui. I ka zarub maikaʻi loa. K. z. no K. z. Hui o na Hoa Mele (Vienna), Hale Noi. Smetana (Prague), Ateneum (Bucharest), Bulgaria (Sofia), Festival Hall a me Albert Hall (London), Lincoln Center, Carnegie Hall (New York) , Concertgebouw (Amsterdam), West Berlin Philharmonic, Gavo, Pleyel (Paris), Concerthuset (Stockholm), etc.

ʻO ka mua K. z. lawelawe ma Rusia i ke kenekulia 18. hale keaka. hale keʻena, nā hale mele mele, nā kula hoʻonaʻauao (Smolny a me Ekaterininsky institute, ka Academy of Arts ma St. Petersburg, Moscow University, etc.), mai ka 19th century. a me ka hale o na anaina hanohano o St. Petersburg, Moscow a me na kulanakauhale e ae, kahi i haawi mau ia ai na ahamele uku. Ma ka papahele ʻelua. Ua kūkulu ʻia nā conservatories nui o ke kenekulia 2. ma Petersburg. a me Mosk. conservatories, a ma hope he mau hale kūikawā ma nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o Great Oct. socialist. kipi ma K. z. ua hoohuliia ka hale o na anaina hanohano (K. z. Leningrad. Philharmonic Society, ke Column Hall o ka Hale o na Hui ma Moscow, ka NV Lysenko Philharmonic Hall ma Kyiv, etc.). Me ke kukulu ana o K. z hou. loea. nā koho (ma Yerevan, Tallinn, Minsk, a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe) ma lalo o ka K. z. ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia kekahi mau hale kahiko i hoʻohana mua ʻia no nā kumu ʻē aʻe (ʻo ka Engelhardt Hall-ma hope o ka Hale Liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ma hope o MI Glinka o ka Leningrad Philharmonic Society, ka Kremlin Concert Hall ma Gorky, ke keʻena o ka Dome Cathedral ma Riga, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). Mea loea. K. z. Aia ma nā poʻokela a pau o nā repubalika Union a me nā kikowaena moʻomeheu nui. Ma 19 - ma mua. 60s ka hana o ke kukulu ana i ka mea i kapaia. hui ʻia nā hale ʻaha mele, ʻike ʻia e ko lākou hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia (mai 70 a 3 poʻe) a hoʻololi ʻia no nā ʻaha mele a no nā hanana lehulehu ʻē aʻe - nā ʻaha kūkā, nā hana keaka, a me nā hōʻike kiʻiʻoniʻoni (ke Kremlin Palace of Congresses ma Moscow, hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā hale ʻaha mele) Oktyabrsky " ma Leningrad, "ʻOkakopa" ma Moscow, "Ukraine" ma Kharkov, etc.). Nui K. z. ke kūkulu ʻia nei ma nā hōkele nui ("Soviet" ma Moscow, etc.). K. z. i ka USSR he nui nā uch. nā hui, nā ʻoihana, nā hui. nā hui (me ka All-Union House of Composers ma Moscow), nā hale hana o nā limahana, nā kua'āina a me nā haumāna a me nā hale moʻomeheu, a me nā hui. K. z. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kauwela i kūkulu ʻia ma nā kūlanakauhale hoʻomaha o Sochi, Jurmala, Palanga, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. i ka USSR: Nui a me na Hale Li'ili'i o Moscow. conservatory iā lākou. ʻO PI Tchaikovsky, Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ka Hale o nā Hui, Hale Hōʻikeʻike i kapa ʻia ma hope o PI Tchaikovsky, Hale Hōʻikeʻike Mokuʻāina ʻo "Russia" ma Moscow, nā Hale Nui a me nā Liʻiliʻi o Leningrad. conservatory iā lākou. NA Rimsky-Korsakov, Hale Li'ili'i. MI Glinka Leningrad. Philharmonic, K. z. ʻAikena Conservatory (Baku), K. z. “Estonia” (Estonian State Philharmonic in Tallinn), K. z. ʻO Georgian State Philharmonic ma Tbilisi, K. z. philharmonic society in Kazan, K. z. okana a me ke keena mele ma Kutaisi, K. z. t-ra "Vanemuine" ma Tartu, K. z. Halealii o Culture "Ukraine" ma Kyiv, K. z. Halealii lakou. VI Lenin ma Alma-Ata a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

E hoʻomaopopo ': Semenova IN, Stupel AM, Hale Li'ili'i i kapa 'ia ma muli o MI Glinka; ʻO Andronikov IL, ʻO ka Hale Nui o ka Philharmonic kekahi o nā wahi maikaʻi loa ma ka honua, ma ka hōʻiliʻili: Leningrad State. Kauoha o ka Red Banner of Labor Philharmonic, M., 1972; ʻO Moscow Philharmonic (i hui pū ʻia e L. Grigoriev, J. Platek), M., 1973, p. 219-22.

MM Yakovlev