Hans Knappertsbusch |

Hans Knappertbusch

ʻO nā mea aloha mele, nā hoa mele ma Kelemānia a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo "Kna" no ka pōkole. Akā, ma hope o kēia inoa kapakapa, he mahalo nui i ka mea pena kiʻi kupaianaha, kekahi o nā Mohicans hope loa o ke kula alakaʻi Kelemania kahiko. He mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Hans Knappertsbusch a ma ka manawa like he mea hoʻokani pila - "ʻo ke aloha hope loa ma ka podium", e like me kā Ernst Krause i kapa ai iā ia. Ua lilo kēlā me kēia o kāna hana i hanana mele maoli: ua wehe ia i nā ʻike hou no ka poʻe hoʻolohe i nā mele kaulana i kekahi manawa.

I ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai ke kiʻi kupanaha o kēia mea pena ma ke kahua, ua ala mai kekahi ʻano hoʻopaʻapaʻa kūikawā ma ke keʻena, ʻaʻole i haʻalele i ka orchestra a me nā mea hoʻolohe a hiki i ka hopena. Me he mea lā ua maʻalahi nā mea a pau āna i hana ai, i kekahi manawa maʻalahi loa. ʻO nā neʻe ʻana o Knappertsbusch ua mālie ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe mea pili. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, i nā manawa koʻikoʻi, hoʻōki loa ʻo ia i ke alakaʻi ʻana, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona mau lima, me he mea lā e hoʻāʻo ʻole e hoʻopilikia i ke kahe o ka manaʻo mele me kāna mau ʻano. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka manaʻo e hoʻokani wale ana ka mea hoʻokani pila, akā he kūʻokoʻa wale nō ia: ʻo ka ikaika o ke kālena o ke alakaʻi alakaʻi a me kāna helu akamai i nā mea mele i waiho wale ʻia me ka mele. A i nā manawa kakaikahi wale nō o nā kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolei koke ʻia ai ʻo Knappertsbusch i kona mau lima nunui i luna a ma nā ʻaoʻao - a ua lilo kēia pahū i manaʻo nui i ka lehulehu.

ʻO Beethoven, Brahms, Bruckner a me Wagner nā mea haku mele ma ka wehewehe ʻana i hiki i kona kiʻekiʻe ʻo Knappertsbusch. I ka manawa like, ʻo kāna wehewehe ʻana i nā hana a ka poʻe haku haku mele i hoʻopaʻapaʻa pinepine ʻia, a me he mea lā ua haʻalele ka poʻe i ka moʻomeheu. Akā no ka Knappertsbusch ʻaʻohe kānāwai ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka mele ponoʻī. Eia naʻe, i kēia lā, ua lilo kāna mau mele mele o Beethoven, Brahms a me Bruckner, nā opera a Wagner, a me nā hana ʻē aʻe he kumu hoʻohālike o ka heluhelu ʻana i nā mele kahiko.

No ka hapalua o ke kenekulia, ua noho ʻo Knappertsbusch i kekahi o nā wahi alakaʻi i ke ola mele o ʻEulopa. I kona wā ʻōpiopio, ua moe ʻo ia e lilo i mea akeakamai, a i ka piha ʻana o nā makahiki he iwakālua wale nō ʻo ia i hāʻawi hope ai i ka makemake i ke mele. Mai ka makahiki 1910, ua hana ʻo Knappertsbusch i nā hale opera ma nā kūlanakauhale Kelemania like ʻole - Elberfeld, Leipzig, Dessau, a ma 1922 ua lilo ʻo ia i pani no B. Walter, ke poʻo o ka ʻOpera Munich. A laila ua kaulana ʻo ia ma ka ʻāina āpau, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka ʻōpio "General Music Director" ma ka mōʻaukala o Kelemania.

I kēlā manawa, laha ka kaulana o Knappertsbush ma ʻEulopa. A ʻo kekahi o nā ʻāina mua i hoʻohauʻoli nui i kāna ʻoihana ʻo ka Soviet Union. Ua kipa ʻo Knappertsbusch i ka USSR ʻekolu manawa, e waiho ana i kahi manaʻo indelible me kāna wehewehe ʻana i nā mele Kelemania a "hope loa lanakila ʻana i nā puʻuwai o ka poʻe hoʻolohe" (e like me ka mea a kekahi o nā loiloi i kākau ai i kēlā manawa) me kāna hana ʻo Tchaikovsky's Fifth Symphony. Penei ka pane ʻana o ka makasina Life of Art i kekahi o kāna mau ʻaha mele: “He ʻōlelo kūʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa, ʻano maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi i kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia, akā ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o ka maka, ke poʻo, ke kino holoʻokoʻa, nā manamana lima. Hoʻopau ʻo Knappertsbusch i ka wā o ka hana me nā ʻike hohonu i loko o kāna kiʻi holoʻokoʻa, hiki ke hele i ka orchestra a hoʻopilikia iā ia me ka hiki ʻole. Ma Knappertsbusch, ua hui pū ʻia ke akamai me ka manaʻo ikaika a me ka manaʻo. Hāʻawi kēia iā ia i ka papa o nā alakaʻi koʻikoʻi o kēia wā. "

Ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o ka poʻe Nazi i ka mana ma Kelemania, ua hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Knappertsbusch mai kāna kūlana ma Munich. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻole o ka mea pena kiʻi ʻaʻole i makemake i nā Nazis. Ua neʻe ʻo ia i Vienna, kahi a hiki i ka hopena o ke kaua i alakaʻi ai i nā hana o ka State Opera. Ma hope o ke kaua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana a ka mea pena ma mua o ka wā ma mua, akā ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻaha mele a i ʻole hana keaka ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi i lanakila maoli. Mai ka makahiki 1951, ua komo mau ʻo ia i ka Bayreuth Festivals, kahi āna i alakaʻi ai iā Der Ring des Nibelungen, Parsifal, a me ka Nuremberg Mastersingers. Ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻia o ka German State Opera ma Berlin, i ka makahiki 1955 ua hele ʻo Knappertsbusch i ka GDR e alakaʻi iā Der Ring des Nibelungen. A ma nā wahi a pau, mālama ka poʻe mele a me ka lehulehu i ka mea pena nani me ka mahalo a me ka mahalo nui.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek