Nā kiʻi (José Iturbi) |

Jose Iturbi

Hoʻomanaʻo iki ka moʻolelo ola o ka mea hoʻokani piano Spanish i ke ʻano o kahi biopic Hollywood, ma ka liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai ʻo Iturbi e hauʻoli i ka kaulana honua, a ua lilo ʻo ia i mea koa maoli o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni i pana ʻia ma ke kapikala o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻAmelika. Nui nā ʻano manaʻo i loko o kēia moʻolelo, a me nā wili hauʻoli o ka hopena, a me nā kikoʻī pili aloha, akā naʻe, ʻo ka pinepine, ʻaʻole hiki ke kūpono. Inā haʻalele ʻoe i ka mea hope, a laila ua lilo ke kiʻi i mea hoihoi.

He kamaaina o Valencia, Iturbi mai ka wā kamaliʻi i nānā i ka hana a kona makuakāne, he tuner o nā mea kani, i ka makahiki 6 ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i kahi mea hoʻokani maʻi ma kahi halepule kūloko, loaʻa kāna pesetas mua a makemake nui ʻia no kona ʻohana. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua loaʻa i ke keikikāne kahi hana paʻa - ua hele pū ʻo ia me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni kūlanakauhale maikaʻi loa me kāna hoʻokani piano. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻo José i ʻumikumamālua mau hola ma laila - mai ʻelua i ke awakea a ʻelua i ke kakahiaka, akā ua hoʻokō ʻo ia e loaʻa kālā keu ma ka male ʻana a me nā pōleʻa, a i ke kakahiaka e lawe i nā haʻawina mai ke kumu o ka conservatory X. Belver, e hele pū i loko. ka papa leo. I kona wā ʻelemakule, ua aʻo pū ʻo ia no kekahi manawa ma Barcelona me J. Malats, akā me he mea lā ʻo ka nele o ke kālā e hoʻopilikia i kāna ʻoihana ʻoihana. Ke hele nei ka lono (ua hana ʻia paha ma hope), ua ʻike nā kamaʻāina o Valencia i ka nalowale ʻana o ke kālena o ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻōpio, ka mea i lilo i punahele o ke kūlanakauhale holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻonui i ke kālā e hoʻouna iā ia e aʻo ma Paris.

Maʻaneʻi, i kāna hana maʻamau, ua mau nā mea a pau: i ka lā i hele aiʻo ia i nā papa ma ka conservatory, kahi o V. Landovskaya i waena o kāna mau kumu, a i ke ahiahi a me ka pō ua loaʻa iā ia kāna berena a me ka hale. Ua hoʻomau kēia a hiki i ka makahiki 1912. Akā, ma hope o kona puka ʻana mai ka conservatory, ua loaʻa koke i ka 17 makahiki ʻo Iturbi kahi kono i ke kūlana o ke poʻo o ke keʻena piano o ka Conservatory Geneva, a ua loli nui kona hopena. Ua noho ʻo ia i ʻelima mau makahiki (1918-1923) ma Geneva, a laila hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kahi ʻoihana akamai.

Ua hōʻea ʻo Iturbi i ka USSR i ka makahiki 1927, aia i ka zenith o kona kaulana, a ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka manaʻo ma ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻokani pila maikaʻi loa a me nā haole. ʻO ka mea nani i kona helehelena ʻo ia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i kūpono ʻo Iturbi i ke ʻano o ka "stereotype" o ka mea pena kiʻi Spanish - me ka ʻino, hoʻonui ʻia a me nā manaʻo aloha. “Ua hōʻike ʻo Iturbi i kahi mea pena noʻonoʻo a noʻonoʻo me kahi ʻano nani, waihoʻoluʻu, i kekahi manawa hoʻohiwahiwa nā mele, kahi leo nani a momona; hoʻohana ʻo ia i kāna ʻenehana, nani i ka maʻalahi a me ka versatility, me ka haʻahaʻa a me ke akamai, "G. Ua kākau ʻo Kogan i kēlā manawa. Ma waena o nā hemahema o ka mea pena, ua hoʻopuka ka paʻi i ka saloon, ke ʻano o ka hana.

Mai ka hopena o nā makahiki 20, ua lilo ʻo ʻAmelika i ke kikowaena o nā hana maʻamau a Iturbi. Mai ka makahiki 1933, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia ma ʻaneʻi ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano he pianist, akā ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi, e hoʻoikaika ikaika ana i nā mele o Sepania a me Latin America; mai 1936-1944 ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka Rochester Symphony Orchestra. I nā makahiki hoʻokahi, makemake ʻo Iturbi i ka haku mele ʻana a ua hana i kekahi mau mele mele a me nā piano koʻikoʻi. Hoʻomaka ka hā o ka hana o ka mea pena - hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni. ʻO ke komo ʻana i nā kiʻi mele "A Thousand Ovations", "ʻelua kaikamahine a me kahi luina", "He mele e hoʻomanaʻo ai", "Music for Millions", "Anchors to the Deck" a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i lawe mai iā ia i kaulana nui, akā i kekahi ʻano, ʻaʻole paha i hiki ke kū i ka pae o nā mea hoʻokani piano ʻoi loa o ko kākou kenekulia. ʻO kēlā me kēia hihia, kapa ʻia ʻo A. Chesins ma kāna puke iā Iturbi "he mea pena kiʻi me ka nani a me ka magnetism, akā me kahi manaʻo e hoʻohuli ʻia; he mea pena i neʻe aku i kahi kiʻekiʻe pianistic, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō pono i kāna mau makemake. ʻAʻole hiki iā Iturbi ke mālama i kahi ʻano pianistic, e lawe i kāna mau wehewehe i ka hemolele. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia, "e hahai ana i nā hares he nui", ʻaʻole i hopu ʻo Iturbi i hoʻokahi: ʻoi loa kāna talena i kēlā me kēia wahi āna i hoʻāʻo ai i kona lima, ua laki ʻo ia. A, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kiʻi piano ka mea nui o kāna hana a me kāna aloha.

ʻO ka mea hōʻoiaʻiʻo loa o kēia, ʻo ia ka lanakila kūpono i loaʻa iā ia ma ke ʻano he pianist ʻoiai i kona wā ʻelemakule. I ka makahiki 1966, i ka wā i hana hou ai ʻo ia ma ko mākou ʻāina, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 o Iturbi, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kona ʻano. ʻAʻole wale ka virtuosity. "ʻO kona ʻano, ʻo ka mea mua, he moʻomeheu pianistic kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hiki ai ke ʻike i kahi pilina ma waena o ka momona o ka palette kani a me ke ʻano rhythmic me ka nani maoli a me ka nani o ka ʻōlelo. ʻO ka wiwo ʻole a me ke ʻano ʻino o ka leo i hui pū ʻia i kāna hana me kēlā mehana paʻakikī i ʻike ʻia e nā mea pena kiʻi nui, "i ʻōlelo ai ka nūpepa Soviet Culture. Inā ma ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hana nui a Mozart lāua ʻo Beethoven Iturbi ʻaʻole i hoʻokūpaʻa mau ʻia, i kekahi manawa hoʻonaʻauao loa (me nā hanohano a pau o ka ʻono a me ka noʻonoʻo o ka manaʻo), a ma ka hana a Chopin ua kokoke ʻo ia i ka lyrical ma mua o ka dramatic. i ka hoʻomaka ʻana, a laila ua piha ka wehewehe ʻana o ka mea hoʻokani piano i nā haku mele ʻo Debussy, Ravel, Albeniz, de Falla, Granados i kēlā ʻano lokomaikaʻi, ka waiwai o nā aka, ka noʻonoʻo a me ka makemake, i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke kahua ʻaha mele. "ʻAʻole me ka ʻole o nā kūʻē kūʻē i loko o ka maka makakū o Iturbi i kēia lā," heluhelu mākou i ka puke pai "Works and Opinions." "ʻO kēlā mau kū'ē'ē, e hui pū ana me kekahi, e alakaʻi i nā hopena kiʻi like ʻole e pili ana i ka repertoire i koho ʻia.

Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hoʻoikaika ka mea hoʻokani piano no ka ikaika, ʻoiai no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā ia iho ma ke ʻano o nā manaʻo, i kekahi manawa no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea mele. I ka manawa like, aia kekahi ʻano kūlohelohe maikaʻi loa, he "nerve" i loko, i ʻike ʻia e mākou, ʻaʻole mākou wale nō, ma ke ʻano he hiʻohiʻona nui o ka ʻano Spanish: ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia ka hōʻailona o ka lāhui ma luna o nā mea āpau. kona mau wehewehe ʻana, ʻoiai ke mamao loa ke mele mai ke kala Sepania. ʻO kēia mau ʻaoʻao polar ʻelua o kāna ʻano pilikino, ʻo kā lākou pilina e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano o Iturbi o kēia lā.

ʻAʻole i pau ka hana koʻikoʻi o Jose Iturb i ka wā ʻelemakule. Ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i nā orchestras ma kāna kamaʻāina ʻo Valencia a ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo ʻAmelika ʻo Bridgeport, hoʻomau i ke aʻo ʻana i ka haku mele, hana a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā moʻolelo ma ke ʻano he piano. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kona mau makahiki hope ma Los Angeles. I ka manawa o ka 75th anniversary o ka hānau ʻana o ka mea pena, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kekahi mau moʻolelo ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa nui "Treasures of Iturbi", e hāʻawi ana i kahi manaʻo o ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o kāna kiʻi, o kāna repertoire ākea a maʻamau no kahi pianist aloha. . ʻO Bach, Mozart, Chopin, Beethoven, Liszt, Schumann, Schubert, Debussy, Saint-Saens, ʻo Czerny pū kekahi me nā mea kākau Sepania ma ʻaneʻi, e hana ana i kahi panorama motley akā mālamalama. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia kahi diski ʻokoʻa i nā duets piano i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e José Iturbi ma kahi duet me kona kaikuahine, ʻo ka mea hoʻokani piano maikaʻi ʻo Amparo Iturbi, a me ia i hana pū ai ma ke kahua ʻaha mele no nā makahiki he nui. A ʻo kēia mau hoʻopaʻa leo a pau e hōʻoiaʻiʻo hou ʻia ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Iturbi ʻo ia ka pianist nui loa ma Sepania.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.