Herbert von Karajan (Herbert von Karajan) |

Herbert von Karajan

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ʻO kekahi o nā mele mele kaulana i kapa ʻia ʻo Karayan "Chief Conductor of Europe". A he palua ka oiaio o keia inoa - pela no ka olelo, ma ke ano a ma ke ano. ʻOiaʻiʻo: i nā makahiki he ʻumi a me ka hapa i hala, ua alakaʻi ʻo Karajan i ka hapa nui o nā orkestra ʻEulopa maikaʻi loa: ʻo ia ke alakaʻi nui o ka London, Vienna a me Berlin Philharmonic, ka Vienna Opera a me La Scala ma Milan, nā ʻaha mele ma Bayreuth, Salzburg. a me Lucerne, ka Society of Friends of Music in Vienna… Ua paʻa ʻo Karayan i kēia mau pou i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki ke lele ma luna o kāna mokulele haʻuki mai kekahi kūlanakauhale a i kekahi no ka hana ʻana i kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻahamele, hana, hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma nā moʻolelo. . Akā ua hiki iā ia ke hana i kēia mau mea a, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua mākaʻikaʻi ikaika ʻo ia a puni ka honua.

Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka hohonu o ka wehewehe ʻana o "ka alakaʻi alakaʻi o ʻEulopa". No kekahi mau makahiki i kēia manawa, ua haʻalele ʻo Karajan i kāna mau pou, me ka nānā ʻana i ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka Berlin Philharmonic a me ka Salzburg Spring Festival, āna i hoʻonohonoho pono ai mai 1967 a ma kahi āna i hoʻokani ai i nā keaka a Wagner a me nā monumental classics. Akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe mea alakaʻi ma ko mākou ʻāina, a ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa paha (koe wale nō ʻo L. Bernstein), hiki iā ia ke hoʻokūkū me ia ma ka kaulana a me ka mana (inā mākou e manaʻo i nā alakaʻi o kāna hanauna).

Hoʻohālikelike pinepine ʻia ʻo Karajan me Toscanini, a he nui nā kumu o ia ʻano like: ua like nā mea alakaʻi ʻelua i ka nui o kā lākou talena, ka laulā o kā lākou hiʻohiʻona mele, a me ko lākou kaulana nui. Akā, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ko lākou ʻano like he mea kupaianaha, i kekahi manawa hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe mele a me ka lehulehu, e hoʻouna iā lākou i nā au i ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā mele. (ʻIke ʻia kēia ma nā hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma nā moʻolelo.)

No ka poʻe hoʻolohe, ʻo Karayan kahi mea pena akamai e hāʻawi iā lākou i nā manawa o nā ʻike kiʻekiʻe. No lākou, he alakaʻi ʻo Karajan nāna e hoʻomalu i ka ʻāpana multifaceted holoʻokoʻa o ke kiʻi mele - mai nā hana a Mozart lāua ʻo Haydn a i nā mele o kēia manawa a Stravinsky a me Shostakovich. No lākou, ʻo Karayan kahi mea pena kiʻi e hoʻokani like ana ma ke kahua ʻaha mele a ma ka hale opera, kahi i hoʻokō pinepine ʻia ai ʻo Karayan ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi e Karayan ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi.

He pololei loa ʻo Karajan i ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻuhane a me ka leka o kēlā me kēia helu. Akā ʻo kekahi o kāna mau hana i hōʻailona ʻia e ka sila hohonu o ke kanaka o ka mea pena, he ikaika loa ia e alakaʻi ai ʻaʻole wale i ka orchestra, akā i nā soloists pū kekahi. Me ka laconic gestures, devoid o kekahi affectation, pinepine emphatically stingy, "paʻakikī", subordinates kela ame keia orkestra i kona indomitable makemake, hopu i ka mea hoʻolohe me kona 'ano o loko, e hoike mai ia ia i ka philosophical hohonu o monumental mele canvases. A i kēlā mau manawa, ʻano nui kona kiʻi liʻiliʻi!

Ua hoʻokani ʻia he mau haneli o nā opera e Karajan ma Vienna, Milan a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe. No ka helu ʻana i ka repertoire o ke alakaʻi, ʻo ia ka manaʻo e hoʻomanaʻo i nā mea maikaʻi loa i loaʻa i nā palapala mele.

Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka wehewehe ʻana o Karajan i nā hana pākahi. Ua hoʻokani ʻia he mau ʻumi o nā symphonies, nā mele symphonic a me nā ʻāpana orchestral e nā mea haku o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā lāhui i kāna ʻaha mele, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ia ma nā moʻolelo. E inoa i kekahi mau inoa. ʻO Beethoven, Brahms, Bruckner, Mozart, Wagner, Verdi, Bizet, R. Strauss, Puccini - ʻo ia ka poʻe haku mele ma ka wehewehe ʻana i nā mele i hōʻike piha ʻia ke kālena o ka mea pena. E hoʻomanaʻo kākou, no ka laʻana, ʻo nā ʻaha mele a Karajan ma ko mākou ʻāina i ka makahiki 60 a i ʻole ʻo Verdi's Requiem, ʻo ka hana a Karajan ma Moscow me nā mea hana kiʻi o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo Da Scala ma Milan i hana ʻole i ka manaʻo i ka poʻe a pau i lohe iā ia.

Ua hoʻāʻo mākou e kaha kiʻi i ke kiʻi o Karayan - ke ʻano o kona ʻike ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he kiʻi kiʻi wale nō kēia, he kiʻi laina: piha ke kiʻi o ke alakaʻi i nā waihoʻoluʻu i ka wā e hoʻolohe ai ʻoe i kāna ʻaha mele a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Ke hoʻomau nei mākou e hoʻomanaʻo i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ala hana hana a ka mea pena ...

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Karajan ma Salzburg, ke keiki a ke kauka. Ua ʻike mua ʻia kona mākaukau a me kona aloha i ke mele a i ka piha ʻana o nā makahiki he ʻelima ʻo ia i hana ma ke ʻano he pianist. A laila ua aʻo ʻo Karajan ma Salzburg Mozarteum, a ʻo ke poʻo o kēia kula mele, ʻo B. Paumgartner, aʻo iā ia e alakaʻi. (A hiki i kēia lā, noho mau ʻo Karajan i mea hoʻokani piano maikaʻi loa, hoʻokani piano a me nā ʻāpana harpsichord i kekahi manawa.) Mai ka makahiki 1927, ua hana ka mea hoʻokani pila ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi, ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Austrian ʻo Ulm, a laila ma Aachen, kahi i lilo ai ʻo ia kekahi o nā nā alakaʻi poʻokela ʻōpio loa ma Kelemānia. I ka pau ʻana o nā makahiki kanakolu, ua neʻe ka mea pena i Berlin a ua lawe koke i ka pou o ke alakaʻi alakaʻi o ka Berlin Opera.

Ma hope o ke kaua, ua hele koke ka kaulana o Karajan ma waho o nā palena o Kelemania - a laila hoʻomaka lākou e kapa iā ia, "ke alakaʻi alakaʻi nui o ʻEulopa" ...

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969