Moolelo o ka bassoon

Bassoon – he mea kani makani o ka bass, tenor a me kekahi hapa alto register, i hanaia me ka laau maple. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka inoa o kēia mea kani mai ka huaʻōlelo Italia ʻo fagotto, ʻo ia hoʻi, "knot, bundle, bundle." A ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, inā e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mea hana, a laila e hoʻohuli ʻia kahi mea e like me kahi pūʻulu wahie. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka bassoon he 2,5 mika, ʻoiai ʻo ka contrabassoon he 5 mika. ʻO ke kaumaha o ka mea hana ma kahi o 3 kg.

Ka hānau ʻana o kahi mea kani hou

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka mea nāna i hana mua i ka bassoon, akā ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Italia i ke kenekulia 17 ka wahi hānau o ka mea kani. Ua kapa ʻia kona kūpuna ʻo ka bombarda kahiko - he mea kani bass o ka ʻohana ʻohe. ʻOkoʻa ka bassoon mai ka bombarda i ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ua māhele ʻia ka paipu i kekahi mau ʻāpana, no laila ua maʻalahi ka mea kani i ka hana a lawe. Ua hoʻololi hou ʻia ka leo no ka maikaʻi, i ka manawa mua ua kapa ʻia ka bassoon dulcian, ʻo ia hoʻi, "ʻoluʻolu, ʻoluʻolu". He paipu lōʻihi a piʻo ia ma luna o ka ʻōnaehana valve. ʻO ka bassoon mua i hoʻolako ʻia me ʻekolu valves. Ma hope o ke kenekulia 18, ʻelima o lākou. ʻO ke kaumaha o ka mea kani ma kahi o ʻekolu kilokani. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka paipu i wehe ʻia ma mua o ʻelua a me ka hapalua mika ka lōʻihi. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka counterbassoon - ma kahi o ʻelima mau mika.

Hoʻomaikaʻi mea hana

I ka wā mua, hoʻohana ʻia ka mea kani e hoʻonui i nā leo bass dub. Mai ka makahiki 17 wale nō, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e pāʻani i kahi kuleana kūʻokoʻa. I kēia manawa, kākau nā mea haku mele Italia ʻo Biagio Marini, Dario Castello a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i sonatas nona. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 19, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Jean-Nicole Savarre i ka honua mele i ka bassoon, nona nā pahu he ʻumikumamākahi. Ma hope iki mai, ua hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻohui ʻia nā haku ʻelua mai Farani: F. Treber a me A. Buffet i kēia koho. ʻO kahi haʻawina nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka bassoon i hana ʻia e nā haku Kelemania ʻo Karl Almenreder lāua ʻo Johann Adam Haeckel. ʻO lākou ka mea, i ka makahiki 1831 ma Biebrich, i hoʻokumu i kahi ʻoihana no ka hana ʻana i nā mea kani makani. Ua hana ʻo Almenreder i ka makahiki 1843 i kahi bassoon me ʻumikūmāhiku kiwi. Ua lilo kēia kumu hoʻohālike i kumu no ka hana ʻana i nā bassoons e ka hui ʻo Haeckel, i lilo i alakaʻi i ka hana ʻana i kēia mau mea kani. A hiki i kēlā manawa, maʻa mau nā bassoons a nā haku Austrian a me Farani. Mai ka hānau ʻana a hiki i kēia lā, ʻekolu ʻano bassoons: quartbassoon, bassoon, contrabassoon. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea hoʻokani symphony hou i ka counterbassoon i kā lākou hana.

Kahi o ka bassoon ma ka mōʻaukala

I Kelemānia i ke kenekulia 18, aia ka mea kani i kona kiʻekiʻe o ka kaulana. ʻO ke kani ʻana o ka leo i ke kani ʻana o ka Bassoon ma nā papa hīmeni o ka hale pule. Ma nā hana a ka mea haku mele Kelemania ʻo Reinhard Kaiser, loaʻa ka mea kani i kāna mau ʻāpana ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka opera orchestra. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka bassoon i kā lākou hana e nā mea haku mele ʻo Georg Philipp Telemann, Jan Dismas Zelekan. Ua loaʻa i ka mea kani nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa i nā hana a FJ Haydn a me VA Mozart, lohe pinepine ʻia ka bassoon repertoire i ka Concerto ma B-dur, i kākau ʻia e Mozart i 1774. Hoʻokahi ʻo ia i nā hana a I. Stravinsky "The Firebird", "The Rite of Spring", me A. Bizet ma "Carmen", me P. Tchaikovsky i ka Hāhā a me ke ono o Symphonies, ma nā'ahamele a Antonio Vivaldi, ma ke kahua me Farlaf ma M. Glinka ma Ruslan a me Lyudmila. He mea hoʻokani jazz ʻo Michael Rabinauitz, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi i hoʻomaka e hoʻokani i nā ʻāpana bassoon i kāna mau ʻahamele.

I kēia manawa hiki ke lohe ʻia ka mea kani ma nā ʻaha mele symphony a me nā pūʻulu keleawe. Eia hou, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokahi a pāʻani paha i kahi hui.