Instrumentovedenie |

ʻO ka lālā o ka musicology e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana i ke kumu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea kani, kā lākou hoʻolālā, timbre a me acoustic. waiwai a me ke mele.-express. nā manawa kūpono, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea hana. I. pili loa me na muse. moʻolelo kuʻuna, ethnography, ʻenehana mea kani a me ka acoustics. Elua pauku nui o I. O ka mea o kekahi o lakou, o Nar. nā mea hana mele, kekahi - ka mea i kapa ʻia. ʻoihana, komo i loko o ka symphony, ʻuhane. a estr. okestra, okoa. keena ensembles a hoʻohana kūʻokoʻa. ʻElua mau ʻano kumu like ʻole o ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea kani - musicological a me organological (organographic).

ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana o ke ʻano mua e noʻonoʻo i nā mea kani ma ke ʻano o ka hana hou ʻana i ke mele a aʻo iā lākou e pili kokoke ana i ke mele. noʻonoʻo a me ka hana. ʻO ka poʻe kākoʻo o ke ʻano hana ʻelua e kālele ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā mea kani a me kona hoʻomohala ʻana. Nā Elements o I. - nā kiʻi mua o nā mea hana a me kā lākou wehewehe - i hoʻomaka ʻia ma mua o ko mākou au. ma waena o nā kānaka o Kauka Hikina - maʻAigupita, India, Iran, Kina. Ma Kina a me India, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻano mua o ka systematization o muses. mea paahana. Wahi a ka ʻōnaehana koholā, ua māhele ʻia nā mea hana i 8 mau papa ma muli o ka mea i hana ʻia ai: pōhaku, metala, keleawe, lāʻau, ʻili, ipu, lepo (palolo) a me ke kilika. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻōnaehana i nā mea kani i 4 mau pūʻulu ma muli o kā lākou hoʻolālā a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā haʻalulu kani. ʻIke e pili ana i ka hikina ʻē aʻe. ua hoʻopiha nui ʻia nā mea hana e nā ʻepekema, poets a me nā mea mele o ka Middle Ages: Abu Nasr al-Farabi (8th-9th century), ka mea kākau o ka "Great Treatise on Music" ("Kitab al-musiki al-kabir"), Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (9th-10th century). 11 mau kenekulia), Ganjavi Nizami (12-14 mau kenekulia), Alisher Navoi (15-17 mau kenekulia), a me nā mea kākau o ka lehulehu. nā kuʻikahi ma ke mele - Dervish Ali (XNUMXth century), etc.

ʻO ka wehewehe mua loa o ʻEulopa i nā mea hana mele no nā Helene ʻē aʻe. ʻepekema ʻo Aristides Quintilian (ke kenekulia 3 BC). Ua ʻike ʻia nā hana kūikawā mua ma I. i nā kenekulia 16 a me 17. ma Kelemānia - "Hoʻopuka ʻia nā mele a hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo Kelemānia" ("Musica getutscht und ausgezogen ...") na Sebastian Firdung (ka hapa ʻelua o ka 2 - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 15), "Musica Instrumentalis deudsch") Martin Agricola ( 16-1486) a me Syntagma Musicium na Michael Praetorius (1556-1571). ʻO kēia mau hana nā kumu waiwai nui o ka ʻike e pili ana iā ʻEulopa. mea kani o ia manawa. Hōʻike lākou i ke ʻano o nā mea kani, pehea e hoʻokani ai iā lākou, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kani i ka solo, ensemble a me ka orc. hana, a pela aku, ua haawiia ko lakou mau kii. He mea nui no ka ulu ana o I. na hana a ka Bela nui loa. mea kākau mele FJ Fetis (1621-1784). Ua paʻi ʻia kāna puke ʻo La musique mise a la porte de tout le monde (1871), me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā mea kani he nui, i ka makahiki 1830 ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkini. unuhi ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa “Mālama i nā mele a pau”. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā mele. ʻokoʻa nā mea hana. Ua pāʻani nā ʻāina i ka “Encyclopedia of Music” (“Encyclopédie de la musique et Dictionnaire du Conservatoire”) o ka Farani kaulana. mea haku mele A. Lavignac (1833-1846).

ʻIke mua e pili ana i ka Hikina.-Slav. (Lūkini) mele. Aia nā mea hana i loko o nā moʻolelo, administrative-spiritual a me hagiographic. (hagiographic) palapala o ke kenekulia 11. a ma hope aku. Loaʻa nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī iā lākou ma waena o nā Byzantines. mea kākau moʻolelo o ke kenekulia 7 ʻo Theophylact Simocatta a me kahi Arab. ka mea kākau a me ka huakaʻi i ka hopena o ka lā 9 - kakahiaka. Keneturi 10 Ibn Rusty. I nā kenekulia 16-17. ʻIke ʻia nā puke wehewehe wehewehe (“ABC”), kahi i loaʻa ai nā inoa o nā mele. mea kani a me Rusia pili. huaʻōlelo. ʻO nā wehewehe Lūkini kūikawā mua. nar. ua hoʻokō ʻia nā mea hana i ke kenekulia 18. ʻO Y. Shtelin ma ka ʻatikala "Nūhou e pili ana i ke mele ma Rusia" (1770, ma ka German, unuhi Lūkini ma ka puke. Y. Shtelin, "Music and Ballet in Russia in the 1935th Century", 1780), SA Tuchkov ma kāna "Notes ” (1809-1908, ed. 1795) a me M. Guthrie (Guthrie) ma ka puke “Discourses on Russian antiquities” (“Dissertations sur les antiquitйs de Russie”, 19). Aia kēia mau hana i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā mea hana a me kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana ma Nar. ola a me muz.-art. hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Mokuna mele. Ua paʻi pinepine ʻia nā mea kani mai kā Guthrie "Reasoning" ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkini. ʻōlelo (ma ke ʻano piha a me ke ʻano pōkole). I kinohi. Manaʻo nui ʻo XNUMXth century i ke aʻo ʻana i ka Lūkini. nar. Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā mea kani iā ​​VF Odoevsky, MD Rezvoy a me DI Yazykov, nāna i hoʻopuka i nā ʻatikala e pili ana iā lākou ma ka Encyclopedic Dictionary o AA Plushar.

Hoʻomohala i ka 19th century symp. mele, ka ulu ʻana o ka solo, ensemble a me ka orc. ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka orchestra a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kāna mau mea kani i alakaʻi i nā mea hoʻokani i ka pono no ka noiʻi hohonu ʻana i nā ʻano waiwai a me nā hōʻike noʻeau. nā mea paahana. E hoʻomaka ana me G. Berlioz a me F. Gevaart, ua hoʻomaka nā haku mele a me nā alakaʻi i kā lākou mau puke e pili ana i ka mea kani e nānā nui i ka wehewehe ʻana o kēlā me kēia mea kani a me nā ʻano o kona hoʻohana ʻana i ka orc. hoʻokō. ʻO ke ʻano. na Rus kekahi i haawi mai. haku mele. ʻO MI Glinka ma "Notes on Orchestration" (1856) i wehewehe maʻalahi ʻia. a hana. nā mea hiki i nā mea hana symphonic. hoʻokani pila. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka hana nui a NA Rimsky-Korsakov "Fundamentals of Orchestration" (1913). Waiho. Hoʻopili ʻo PI Tchaikovsky i ka mea nui i ka ʻike o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea kani a me ka hiki ke hoʻohana pono iā lākou i ka orchestra. Loaʻa iā ia ka unuhi ʻana ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkini (1866) o ka "Guide to Instrumentation" ("Traité général d'instrumentation", 1863) na P. Gevart, ʻo ia ka puke kuhikuhi mua ma I. Ma ka ʻōlelo mua, kākau ʻo Tchaikovsky: E ʻike nā haumāna… i loko o ka puke a Gevaart i kahi ʻike maikaʻi a kūpono hoʻi o nā pūʻali orchestral ma ka laulā a me ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia mea kani.

ʻO ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka hoʻokumuʻana o I. ma keʻano he kūʻokoʻa. Ua waiho ʻia ka lālā o ka musicology ma ka papahele ʻelua. ʻO nā curators o ke kenekulia 2 a me nā poʻo o nā hale hōʻikeʻike nui loa o nā muses. nā mea hana - V. Mayyon (Brussels), G. Kinsky (Cologne a me Leipzig), K. Sachs (Berlin), MO Petukhov (Petersburg), etc. Ua paʻi ʻo Mayyon i kahi ʻepekema ʻelima. ka papa inoa o ka hōʻiliʻili kahiko a nui loa o nā mea kani o ka Brussels Conservatory i ka wā i hala ("Catalogue descriptif et analytique du Musée instrumental (historique et technique) du Conservatoire Royale de musique de Bruxelles", I, 19).

Nui ka poʻe i loaʻa ka kaulana o ka honua. noiʻi a K. Zaks ma ke kahua o nar. a me prof. mea hookani pila. ʻO ka mea nui loa ma waena o lākou ʻo ka "Dictionary of Musical Instruments" (“Reallexikon der Musikinstrumente”, 1913), “Guide to Instrumentation” (“Handbuch der Musikinstrumentenkunde”, 1920), “The Spirit and Formation of Musical Instruments” (“Geist und Werden der Musikinstrumente", 1929), "Ka moʻolelo o nā mea kani" ("The history of musical instruments", 1940). Ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkini, ua paʻi ʻia kāna puke "Modern Orchestral Musical Instruments" ("Die modernen Musikinstrumente", 1923, unuhi Lūkini - M.-L., 1932). Ua hoʻokomo ʻo Mayon i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻepekema mua o nā Muses. nā mea kani, hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou e like me ke kino kani i 4 mau papa: autophonic (hoʻokani ponoʻī), membrane, makani a me nā kaula. Mahalo i kēia, ua loaʻa iā I. kahi kumu ʻepekema paʻa. Ua hoʻolālā a hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia ka papahana Mayon e E. Hornbostel a me K. Sachs ("Systematics of Musical Instruments" - "Systematik der Musikinstrumente", "Zeitschrift für Ethnologie", Jahrg. XLVI, 1914). Hoʻokumu ʻia kā lākou ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho ma luna o ʻelua mau kumu - ke kumu o ke kani (hui pūʻulu) a me ke ʻano o ka unuhi ʻia (hiʻohiʻona ʻano). Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i nā pūʻulu ʻehā (a i ʻole nā ​​papa) - idiophones, membranophones, aerophones a me chordophones, ua hoʻokaʻawale lākou i kēlā me kēia o lākou i nā māhele he nui. ʻano. ʻO ka'ōnaehana hoʻonohonoho Hornbostel-Sachs ka mea kūpono loa; ua loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike ākea loa. A ʻo kahi hoʻokahi, ʻae ʻia ka ʻōnaehana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā muses. ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā mea hana. Ke hoʻomau nei nā mea hana ʻē aʻe a me Soviet i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, i kekahi manawa e hōʻike ana i nā hana hou. KG Izikovich i kāna hana ma ka mele. ʻO nā mea kani o ʻAmelika Hema ("Musical and other sounds of the South American Indians", 1935), e pili mau ana i ka papahana ʻehā ʻo Hornbostel-Sachs, hoʻonui a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka māhele ʻana o nā mea kani i nā ʻano. Ma kahi ʻatikala e pili ana i nā mea hana mele, publ. i ka 2nd edition o ka Great Soviet Encyclopedia (vol. 28, 1954), IZ Alender, IA Dyakonov a me DR Rogal-Levitsky i ho'āʻo e hoʻohui i nā hui o "reed" (me ka flexatone) a me nā "plate" (kahi o ka tubophone. me kona mau paipu metala ua hāʻule pū kekahi), a laila ua hoʻololi i ka ʻano hui (puna kani) me kahi ʻano ʻano hoʻokahi (hoʻolālā mea kani). Ka mea noiʻi o ka Slovak Nar. nā mea kani L. Leng i kāna hana ma luna o lākou ("Slovenskй lаdove hudebne nastroje", 1959) haʻalele loa i ka ʻōnaehana Hornbostel-Sachs a hoʻokumu i kāna ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho ma nā hiʻohiʻona kino-acoustic. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia i nā mea kani i 3 pūʻulu: 1) idiophones, 2) membranophones, chordophones a me aerophones, 3) uila a me electrophonic. mea paahana.

ʻIke ʻia nā ʻōnaehana hoʻohālikelike e like me nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei i hoʻohana wale ʻia ma ka palapala AD. nā mea kani, iʻikeʻia e nāʻano likeʻole a me nāʻano, i nā hana i hoʻolaʻaʻia no prof. mea paahana, oi loa aku ma na puke a me uch. manuals on instrumentation, ua hoʻohana lōʻihi (e nānā, no ka laʻana, ka hana i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna o Gewart) ua hoʻokumu paʻa ʻia. ka mahele ʻana o nā mea kani i ka makani (lāʻau a me ke keleawe), nā kaula kulou a ʻohi ʻia, ka percussion a me nā kīwī (organ, piano, harmonium). ʻOiai ʻaʻole kīnā ʻole kēia ʻōnaehana hoʻohālikelike mai ka ʻike ʻepekema (no ka laʻana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia i nā ʻohe a me nā saxophones i hana ʻia me ka woodwinds), ua māhele ʻia nā mea kani e like me nā pae like ʻole - ʻike ʻia ka makani a me nā kaula e ke kani. kumu, percussion - ma ke ʻano o ke kani ʻana. ka unuhi ʻana, a me nā kīpē - ma ka hoʻolālā), hoʻokō piha i nā koi o ka helu helu. a hana. nā hana.

Ma na hana ma I. pl. haole ʻepekema, ch. arr. organologists (me K. Sachs), ka mea i kapa ʻia. ʻano noiʻi ʻāina ma muli o ka pane i waiho ʻia e F. Grebner. manaʻo ethnographic o "nā pōʻai moʻomeheu". Wahi a kēia kumumanaʻo, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole i ka moʻomeheu o Dec. nā kānaka (a no laila nā mea kani) mai kahi kikowaena hoʻokahi. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i ka dec. nā kānaka kūʻokoʻa, e pili ana i kā lākou moʻolelo pilikino. hooulu ana. ʻAʻole i emi iki ka kaulana o ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike. he ala e noʻonoʻo ʻole i ka hui ʻana o ka puka ʻana o ka mea maʻalahi loa, a i ʻole ka hele ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻole ʻana o ka moʻolelo a me ka moʻomeheu ma waena o nā poʻe i like a pili paha. mea paahana. ʻO nā hana i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā pilikia o ka typology e laha nui nei. Ma keʻano he kūlana, manaʻoʻia nā mea kani i loko o lākou i kahi kaʻawale loa mai kā lākou hoʻohanaʻana i ke mele. hoʻomaʻamaʻa. ʻO ia, no ka laʻana, nā haʻawina o G. Möck (Kelemānia) ma nā ʻano o Europ. ʻO nā ʻohe whistle (“Ursprung und Tradition der Kernspaltflöten…”, 1951, ed. 1956) a me O. Elshek (Czechoslovakia) ma ke ʻano hana o ka typology o nā mea kani poʻokela (“Typologische Arbeitverfahren bei Volksmusikinstrumenten”), publ. ma ka "Studies of Folk Musical Instruments" ("Studia instrumentorum musicae popularis", t. 1, 1969). ʻO kahi haʻawina nui i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea kani poʻe i hana ʻia e ia mea hou. mea hoʻokani pila, e like me I. Kachulev (NRB), T. Alexandru (SRR), B. Saroshi (Hungary), he loea i ka ʻōlelo Arabic. mea paahana a G. Farmer (Enelani) a me na mea e ae. etc. Institute of Ethnology of the German Academy of Sciences (GDR) hui. me ka Swedish Musical History I ka makahiki 1966, ua hoʻomaka ka hale hōʻikeʻike i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka Handbook of European Folk Musical Instruments (Handbuch der europdischen Volksmusikinstrumente), i hoʻoponopono ʻia e E. Stockman lāua ʻo E. Emsheimer. Ke hana ʻia nei kēia hana me ke komo ʻana o nā mea instrumentalists decomp. ʻāina a he pūʻulu ʻikepili piha e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā mea kani, pehea e pāʻani ai iā lākou, hoʻokani mele. nā manawa kūpono, repertoire maʻamau, hoʻohana i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, mōʻaukala. i hala, a pela aku. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia kekahi o nā puke "Handbuch" i nā muses. na mea hana a na kanaka o Europa. ʻāpana o ka Soviet Union.

Nui n.-i waiwai. ua puka mai na hana ma ka moolelo o prof. nā mea kani - nā puke "The history of orchestration" ("The history of orchestration", 1925) A. Kaps (Russian translation 1932), "Musical Instruments" ("Hudebni nastroje", 1938,1954) A. Modra (Russian translation . 1959), "Nā mea mele kahiko o ʻEulopa" ("Ancient European musical instruments", 1941) H. Bessarabova, "Wind instruments and their history" ("Woodwind instruments and their history", 1957) A. Baynes, "The beginning of ka pāʻani ma nā mea kani” (“Die Anfänge des Streichinstrumentenspiels”, 1964) na B. Bachmann, monographs, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no otd. nā mea kani, - "Bassoon" ("Der Fagott", 1899) na W. Haeckel, "Oboe" ("The Oboe", 1956) na P. Bate, "Clarinet" ("The clarinet", 1954) na P. Rendall a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ke ʻano. ʻO ka paʻi puke nui "History of Music in Illustrations" ("Musikgeschichte in Bildern"), e hana ʻia nei ma GDR, he hoihoi ʻepekema kekahi; e komo. ʻatikala a hiki i sep. Nui nā ʻike e pili ana i nā muses i loko o nā puke a me nā annotation o kēia paʻi. mea paahana like ole. kanaka o ke ao nei.

Ma Rusia i ka hopena o ka 19 - hoʻomaka. ʻO ke kenekulia 20 ma kahi o nā mea hana mele i hana pl. nā mea noiʻi - AS Famintsyn, AL Maslov, NI Privalov, VV Andreev, NF Findeizen, NV Lysenko, DI Arakchiev (Arakishvili), N. Ya Nikiforovsky, AF Eikhgorn, A. Yuryan, A. Sabalyauskas a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Ua hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā mele mele a me ka lāhui. nā mea waiwai, ʻoi aku ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkini. mea paahana, mean published. ka nui o na hana a hookumu i na aina makua. I. No Famintsyn a me Privalov ka waiwai kūikawā ma kēia. Hoʻohālike i ka laula o ka uhi ʻana o ka palapala a me ka iconographic. ʻO nā kumu a me kā lākou hoʻohana akamai nā hana a Famintsyn, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo "Gusli - kahi mea hoʻokani poʻomanaʻo Lūkini" (1890) a me "Domra a me nā mea kani pili o ka poʻe Lūkini" (1891), ʻoiai ʻo Famintsyn he mea kākoʻo i ka organological. ala a no laila ua aʻo ʻo Ch. arr. nā hoʻolālā mea hana, ʻaneʻane kaʻawale loa i nā pilikia e pili ana i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ka nar. ke ola a me ke akamai. hoʻokō. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā ia, ua uku ʻo Privalov i ka nui. noonoo i keia mau pilikia. Ua kākau ʻo Privalov i nā ʻatikala he nui a me nā haʻawina nui e pili ana i ka Lūkini. a me Belarusian. nā mea kani, e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka pae mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka Nar. nā mea kani a VV Andreev. ʻO nā hana a Famintsyn a me Privalov i lilo i kumu hoʻohālike no nā mea kani. Ua kākau ʻo Maslov "Illustrated Description of Musical Instruments Stored in the Dashkovsky Ethnographic Museum in Moscow" (1909), i lilo i hui no nā makahiki he nui. he kumu i unuhi mai ai na mea kani o na aina e i na mea kani a na kanaka e noho ana ma Rusia. E aʻo ana i ka Lūkini. nar. nā mea hana, i alakaʻi ʻia e Andreev, ua hoʻokō piha ʻia i ka hana. Pahuhopu: ua ʻimi ʻo ia e hoʻonui i ka haku mele me nā mea kani hou. Mahalo i nā hana a Lysenko, Arakishvili, Eichhorn, Yuryan a me nā muses ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā mea kani o ka Ukrainians, Georgians, Uzbeks, Latvians a me nā lāhui'ē aʻe uaʻike nuiʻia ma waho o ka'āina kahi i hoʻohana lōʻihiʻia ai.

Pueo. ʻImi ʻo I. e aʻo i ke mele. pili pono nā mea kani me ke mele. ka hoʻomakeʻa , art. a me ka mea hana hale. hana a me ka moʻolelo nui. ke kaʻina hana o ka moʻomeheu a me ka art-va. Hoʻomohala mele. ʻO ka hana hoʻohālike e alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui i ka hana. craftmanship, e pili ana i kēia, ua kau ʻia nā koi hou i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka mea kani. ʻO kahi mea kani maikaʻi loa, e hana i nā mea e pono ai no ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana i nā mea kani, nā mele a me nā hana hana.

Ma ka Sov. He palapala ʻepekema nui a kaulana ka Union ma I. Inā ua hana mua ʻia e Ch. arr. Nā pūʻali Lūkini. ʻepekema, i kēia manawa ua hoʻopiha ʻia e ka poʻe loea mele mai kahi kokoke i nā Uniona a me nā repubalika autonomous a me nā ʻāpana. Ua kākau ʻia nā haʻawina ma nā mea hana o ka hapa nui o nā kānaka o ka USSR, ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻohālikelike. ko lakou ao ana. Ma waena o nā hana nui loa: "Musical Instruments for the Ukrainian People" na G. Khotkevich (1930), "Musical Instruments of Uzbekistan" na VM Belyaev (1933), "Georgian Musical Instruments" na DI Arakishvili (1940, ma ka ʻōlelo Georgian. ), "National musical instruments of the Mari" na YA Eshpay (1940), "Ukrainian folk musical instruments" na A. Gumenyuk (1967), "Abkhazian folk musical instruments" na IM Khashba (1967), "Moldovan musical folk instruments " LS Berova (1964), "Atlas of Musical Instruments of the Peoples of the USSR" (1963), etc.

Pueo. hana nā mea kani a me nā mea hoʻokani pila. helu o na pepa epekema e pili ana i ka prof. nā mea hana mele a me ka prof. hana. koi-ve. Ma waena o lākou ʻo BA Struve's The Process of Viols and Violins Formation (1959), PN Zimin's The Piano in Its Past and Present (1934, i kapa ʻia ʻo The History of the Piano and Its Predecessors, 1967) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ., a me ke kapikala ʻehā-volume manual "Modern Orchestra" na DR Rogal-Levitsky (1953-56).

ʻO ka uluʻana o nā pilikia o I. a me ke aʻoʻana i nā mele. hana nā mea kani i ka mōʻaukala. a hana. nā keʻena o nā conservatories, ma nā keʻena noiʻi mele; ma Leningrad. i loko o kēlā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, mele a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni he mea kūikawā. ʻāpana I.

Pueo. Makemake au e hāʻawi i ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā mea hoʻokani pila, nā mea hoʻolālā a me nā instr. nā haku i ka hana ma ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana a me ke kūkulu hou ʻana i nā bunks. nā mea kani, hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou mau kani kani, ʻenehana-hana a me ka artistic.-express. nā manawa kūpono, e hana ana i nā ʻohana no ka hui a me ka orc. hoʻokō. Manaʻo a hoʻokolohua. ke hanaia nei na hana ma keia aoao malalo o na nat nui. ensembles and orchestras, in institutes, mele. uch. nā keʻena, nā hale hana, nā hale hana hale hana a me nā keʻena hoʻolālā, a me ka dep. haku hana lima.

I kekahi pueo. conservatories heluhelu kūikawā. papa mele. I., ma mua o ka papa hana mea kani.

E hoʻomaopopo ': Privalov HI, Nā mea kani makani a ka poʻe Lūkini, vol. 1-2, St. Petersburg, 1906-08; Belyaev VM, mele Turkmen, M., 1928 (me VA Uspensky); nona ponoi, Na Mea Mele o Uzbekistan, M., 1933; ʻO Yampolsky IM, kiʻi violin Lūkini, ʻāpana 1, M., 1951; Guiraud E., Traité pratique d'instrumentation, P., 1895, Lūkini. per. G. Konyusa, M., 1892 (ma mua o ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōlelo Pelekane), M., 1934; Farmer H., Na mele a me na mea kani o ka Arab, NY-L., 1916; nona iho, Studies in Oriental musical instruments, ser. 1-2, L., 1931, Glasgov, 1939; Sachs K., Ka moolelo o na mea kani, NY, 1940; Bachmann W., Die Anfänge des Streichinstrumentenspiels, Lpz., 1964 mea hana mele.

KA Vertkov