Nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i ke kiʻi

He ʻāpana o ka moʻomeheu ʻuhane o ke kanaka, he ʻano hana noʻeau o ke kaiāulu, he hōʻike kiʻi o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. E nānā kākou i nā mea hoihoi loa e pili ana i ke kiʻi.

Nā mea hoihoi: pena

ʻAʻole ʻike ka poʻe a pau i ka wā o ka poʻe kahiko, a ʻo ka poʻe i ʻike i kēia, ʻaʻole paha lākou e manaʻo he kiʻi polychrome kā ka caveman.

Ua ʻike ʻo Marcelino Sanz de Sautola ka mea kālaihonua Paniolo i ke ana kahiko o Altamira i ka makahiki 1879, aia i loko o ka pena polychrome. ʻAʻohe kanaka i manaʻoʻiʻo iā Sautola, a ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo ia no ka hana ʻana i nā hana a ka poʻe kahiko. Ma hope mai i ka makahiki 1940, ua ʻike ʻia kahi ana kahiko loa me nā kiʻi pena like - ʻo Lascaux ma Farani, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka 17-15 tausani makahiki BC. A laila ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā hoʻopiʻi a pau iā Sautole, akā ma hope.

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Raphael "Sistine Madonna"

ʻO ke kiʻi maoli o ka pena "The Sistine Madonna" i hana ʻia e Raphael hiki ke ʻike wale ʻia ma ka nānā pono ʻana iā ia. Hoʻopunipuni ke akamai o ka mea pena i ka mea nānā. ʻO ke kua i ke ʻano o nā ao e hūnā i nā maka o nā ʻānela, a ma ka lima ʻākau o St. Sixtus i hōʻike ʻia me nā manamana lima ʻeono. ʻO ia paha ma muli o ka manaʻo o kona inoa ʻo "ʻeono" ma ka Latin.

ʻAʻole ʻo Malevich ka mea pena mua i pena i ka "Black Square". Ma mua o kona manawa, ua hōʻike ʻo Allie Alphonse, he kanaka i ʻike ʻia no kāna mau mele eccentric, i kāna hana ʻana "The Battle of Negroes in a Cave in the Dead of Night," he kāwele ʻeleʻele loa, ma ka Vinyen Gallery.

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Picasso "Dora Maar me ka pōpoki"

ʻO ka mea pena kaulana ʻo Pablo Picasso he ʻano pahū. He lokoʻino kona aloha i nā wahine, he nui kāna mau mea aloha i pepehi iā ia iho a i ʻole i pau i kahi haukapila psychiatric. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea ʻo Dora Maar, ka mea i loaʻa i kahi hoʻomaha paʻakikī me Picasso a ma hope ua hoʻopau ʻia i kahi haukapila. Ua pena ʻo Picasso i kāna kiʻi i ka makahiki 1941, i ka wā i haki ai ko lāua pilina. Ua kūʻai ʻia ke kiʻi "Dora Maar me kahi pōpoki" ma New York ma 2006 no $95,2 miliona.

I ka pena ʻana i ka "The Last Supper," ua nānā nui ʻo Leonardo da Vinci i nā kiʻi o Kristo a me Iuda. Ua lōʻihi loa ʻo ia i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ia ka hopena, no ke kiʻi o Kristo, ua loaʻa ʻo Leonardo da Vinci i kahi kanaka i waena o nā mele mele ʻōpio i ka hale pule, a ʻekolu wale nō makahiki ma hope ua hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i kahi kanaka e pena i ke kiʻi. o Iuda. He kanaka ʻona ʻo ia i loaʻa iā Leonardo i loko o kahi lua a kono ʻia i ka hale inu e pena i ke kiʻi. Ua ʻae kēia kanaka ma hope ua hoʻokani ʻo ia no ka mea pena i hoʻokahi manawa, i kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, i kona hīmeni ʻana ma kahi papa mele. Uaʻikeʻia ua penaʻia ke kiʻi o Kristo a me Iuda, mai ka mea hoʻokahi.

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Nā mea hoihoi: kiʻi kiʻi a me ka hoʻolālā

• I ka hoʻomakaʻana, ua hana maikaʻiʻole kahi mea kālai'āina iʻikeʻoleʻia ma ke kiʻi kaulana o David, i hanaʻia e Michelangelo, akāʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i ka hana a haʻalele iā ia.
• Kakaʻikahi kekahi i noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ke kūlana o nā wāwae ma ke kiʻi kiʻi holo lio. Ua ikeia, ina e ku ka lio ma kona mau wawae hope, a laila, make ka mea holo i ke kaua, ina i hapaiia ka maiuu hookahi, alaila, make ka mea holo i ke kaua, a ina e ku ka lio ma na wawae eha, alaila, make maoli ka mea holo. .
• Ua hoʻohana ʻia he 225 tons keleawe no ke kiʻi kaulana ʻo Gustov Eiffel - ke Statue of Liberty. A ʻo ke kaumaha o ke kiʻi kaulana ma Rio de Janeiro - ke kiʻi o Kristo ka Hoʻōla, i hana ʻia me ka paʻa paʻa a me ka soapstone, hiki i 635 tons.
• Ua hana ʻia ka hale kiaʻi ʻo Eiffel ma ke ʻano he hōʻike no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka 100th anniversary o ka French Revolution. ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻo Eiffel e kū ka hale kiaʻi ma mua o 20 mau makahiki.
• Ua kūkulu ʻia kahi kope pololei o ka mausoleum Indian Taj Mahal ma Bangladesh e ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni miliona ʻo Asanullah Moni, kahi i hoʻonāukiuki nui ai ka poʻe India.
• ʻO ka Leaning Tower kaulana o Pisa, nona ka hana ʻana mai 1173 a 1360, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hilinaʻi i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana ma muli o kahi kumu liʻiliʻi a me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia e ka wai honua. ʻO kona kaumaha ma kahi o 14453 tons. ʻO ke kani ʻana o ka hale bele o ka Leaning Tower o Pisa kekahi o nā mea nani loa o ka honua. Wahi a ka hoʻolālā kumu, ua manaʻo ʻia he 98 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hale kiaʻi, akā hiki ke kūkulu ʻia he 56 mika wale nō ke kiʻekiʻe.

Nā mea hoihoi: kiʻi kiʻi

• Ua hana ʻo Joseph Niepce i ke kiʻi mua o ka honua i ka makahiki 1826. He 35 mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻokō ʻo James Maxwell physicist Pelekane i ke kiʻi kala mua.
• Ua hoʻohana ka mea paʻi kiʻi ʻo Oscar Gustaf Reilander i kāna pōpoki e hoʻomalu i ke kukui i loko o ke keena. I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻohe mea i hana ʻia e like me ka mita hoʻolaha, no laila ua nānā ka mea paʻi kiʻi i nā haumāna o ka pōpoki; inā haiki loa lākou, ua hoʻonoho ʻo ia i ka wikiwiki pani pōkole, a inā i hoʻonui ʻia nā haumāna, ua hoʻonui ʻo ia i ka wikiwiki pani.
• Hāʻawi pinepine ka mea mele Farani kaulana ʻo Edith Piaf i nā ʻahamele ma ka ʻāina o nā pūʻali koa i ka wā o ka noho ʻana. Ma hope o nā ʻahamele, ua paʻi ʻo ia i nā kiʻi me nā pio o ke kaua, a ua ʻoki ʻia ko lākou mau maka mai nā kiʻi a paʻi ʻia i loko o nā palapala palapala hoʻopunipuni, a na Edith i hāʻawi aku i nā pio i ka wā e kipa hou ai. No laila he nui nā paʻahao i pakele me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā palapala hoʻopunipuni.

ʻO nā ʻike hoihoi e pili ana i nā kiʻi o kēia wā

ʻO Sue Webster lāua ʻo Tim Noble

Ua hana nā mea pena Pelekane ʻo Sue Webster lāua ʻo Tim Noble i kahi hōʻike holoʻokoʻa o nā kiʻi kiʻi i hana ʻia mai ka ʻōpala. Ināʻoe e nānā wale i ke kiʻi, hiki iāʻoe keʻike i kahi puʻu'ōpala wale nō, akā i ka wā e hoʻomālamalamaʻia ai ke kiʻi i kekahiʻano, hanaʻia nā kuhi likeʻole, e hoʻokomo i nā kiʻi likeʻole.

Rashad Alakbarov

Hoʻohana ka mea pena ʻo Azerbaijani ʻo Rashad Alakbarov i nā aka mai nā mea like ʻole e hana i kāna mau kiʻi pena. Hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i nā mea i kekahi ala, kuhikuhi i nā kukui e pono ai ma luna o lākou, pēlā e hana ai i kahi aka, kahi i hana ʻia ai kahi kiʻi.

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pena kiʻi ʻekolu

ʻO kekahi ʻano hana ʻē aʻe o ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi pena i hana ʻia e ka mea pena kiʻi ʻo Ioan Ward, nāna i hana i kāna mau kaha kiʻi ma nā canvases lāʻau me ke aniani hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.

I kēia mau lā, ua ʻike ʻia ka manaʻo o ka pena kiʻi ʻekolu. I ka hana ʻana i kahi pena kiʻi ʻekolu, hoʻopiha ʻia kēlā me kēia papa me ka resin, a hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ka pena i kēlā me kēia papa o ka resin. No laila, he kiʻi kūlohelohe ka hopena, i kekahi manawa paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale mai ke kiʻi o kahi mea ola.