Jacques Ibert (Jacques Ibert) |

Jacques Ibert

ʻO Jacques Ibert (inoa piha ʻo Jacques Francois Antoine Ibert, ʻAukake 15, 1890, Paris – Pepeluali 5, 1962, Paris) he haku mele Palani.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Iber iā Antoine Ibert, he mea kūʻai aku, a me Marguerite Lartigue, ka hoahānau lua o Manuel de Falla. I ka makahiki ʻehā, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo i ka hoʻokani pila a me ka piano ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a kona makuahine. I ka makahiki ʻumikūmālua, ua heluhelu ʻo ia i kahi puke aʻoaʻo a Reber lāua ʻo Dubois, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e haku i nā waltzes liʻiliʻi a me nā mele. Ma hope o kona haʻalele ʻana i ke kula, loaʻa iā ia kahi hana ma ke ʻano he kahu hale kūʻai e kōkua i kona makuakāne, ʻaʻole i kūleʻa loa kāna ʻoihana i kēlā manawa. Ma kahi huna mai kona mau mākua, ua aʻo pilikino ʻo ia i ka solfeggio a me ke kumumanaʻo mele, a ua hele pū ʻo ia i nā papa hana na Paul Moonet. Ua aʻo ʻo Mune i ke kanaka ʻōpio e koho i kahi ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he mea keaka, akā ʻaʻole i kākoʻo nā mākua o Iber i kēia manaʻo, a ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hāʻawi iā ia iho i ke mele.

I ka makahiki 1910, ma ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a Manuel de Falla, ua noi ʻo Iber i ka Paris Conservatoire a ua ʻae ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he "hoʻolohe", a i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope - no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa piha ʻana i nā papa o ka counterpoint André Gedalge, kuʻikahi - Emile Pessar , haku mele a hoʻokani pila – Paul Vidal . Aia ma waena o kāna mau hoa papa nā mea haku mele kaulana ʻo Arthur Honegger lāua ʻo Darius Milhaud. Ua ola ʻo Ibert i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā haʻawina pilikino, e hoʻokani ana i ka piano ma nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni o Montmartre, a me ka haku ʻana i nā mele pop a me nā hula (ua paʻi ʻia kekahi o ia mau mea ma lalo o ka pseudonym William Bertie).

Me ka puka ʻana o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ʻo Iber, ka mea i kūpono ʻole no ka ʻoihana koa no nā kumu olakino, akā naʻe i hele i mua i Nowemapa 1914 ma ke ʻano he kauoha. I ka makahiki 1916, ua maʻi ʻo ia i ka typhus a ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻi i hope. No ka manawa pōkole, hui pū ʻo ia me ka hui haku mele ʻO New Young i haku ʻia e Eric Satie a komo i nā ʻaha mele me Georges Auric, Louis Duray a me Arthur Honegger. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua komo ʻo Iber i ka Navy, kahi i loaʻa koke iā ia ke kūlana o ka luna a lawelawe ma Dunkirk no kekahi mau makahiki. I ʻOkakopa 1919, ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia, ua komo ʻo Iber i ka hoʻokūkū no ka Roma Prize me ka cantata "The Poet and the Fairy" a loaʻa koke iā ia ka Grand Prix, e hiki ai iā ia ke noho ma Roma no ʻekolu makahiki. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, male ʻo Ibert iā Rosette Weber, ke kaikamahine a ka mea pena ʻo Jean Weber. I Pepeluali 1920, neʻe ka kāne i Roma, kahi i kākau ai ka mea haku mele i ka hana nui mua no ka orchestra - "The Ballad of Reading Prison" e pili ana i ka mele o ka inoa like a Oscar Wilde. ʻO ka manawa Roma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana e pili ana i ka opera "Perseus and Andromeda", nā suites "History" no ka piano a me "Seaports" no ka orchestra. ʻO ka neʻe mau a me ka maʻemaʻe coincidence wale nō i alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka makahiki 1920 ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻo Henri Collet, "helu" i nā haku mele ʻōpio, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo iā Jacques Ibert i ka hui kaulana a hoʻolaha nui ʻia o "Six".

I ka makahiki 1923, ua hoʻi ka haku mele i Palika, kahi i hana ai ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he haku mele, a ua aʻo pū ʻo ia i ka orchestration ma ke Kula Nui. ʻEkolu mau makahiki ma hope mai, kūʻai ʻo Iber i kahi hale ʻo XNUMXth-century ma Normandy, kahi i hoʻolimalima ai ʻo ia i mau mahina i ka makahiki, makemake ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka haunaele o ke kūlanakauhale. Ma kēia hale, e hana ʻo ia i kāna mau mele kaulana loa: Divertimento for orchestra, the opera King Yveto, the ballet Knight Errant and others.

Ua hōʻailona ʻia ka makahiki 1927 e ke ʻano o ka opera "Angelica", i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Paris a lawe mai i kāna mea kākau kaulana honua. I nā makahiki ma hope mai, ua hana nui ʻo Iber i nā mele no nā hana keaka a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ma waena o Don Quixote (1932) me Fyodor Chaliapin i ke poʻo inoa. Hoʻokumu ka mea haku mele i kekahi mau hana hoʻokani pila, ʻo ia hoʻi ke Sea Symphony, a e like me kona makemake, ʻaʻole e hoʻokō ʻia a hiki i kona make ʻana.

I ka makahiki 1933-1936, ua kākau ʻo Iber i ka Flute Concerto a me Chamber Concertino no Saxophone, a me ʻelua mau ballet nui me ke mele (i kauoha ʻia e Ida Rubinstein): Diana o Poitiers a me Knight Errant. Hana i kahi huakaʻi nui o ʻEulopa, hana me kāna mau hana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi, alakaʻi i ka hana mua o "King Yveto" ma Düsseldorf. Me Honegger, ke hana ʻia nei ka opera "Eaglet".

I ka makahiki 1937, ua loa'a 'o Iber i ka pou o ka Luna Ho'okele o ka French Academy ma Roma (no ka manawa mua mai ka makahiki 1666, ua koho 'ia he mea hookani pila i keia kulana). Huli hou ʻo ia i ka hana hui pū me Honegger: ʻo ka operetta "Baby Cardinal", i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Paris, he lanakila nui.

Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua Honua II, ua lawelawe ʻo Ibert ma ke ʻano he Naval Attaché ma ka Embassy Farani ma Roma. I ka lā 10 o Iune, ua komo ʻo Italia i ke kaua, a i kekahi lā aʻe, haʻalele ʻo Iber a me kona ʻohana iā Roma ma ke kaʻaahi diplomatic.

I ʻAukake 1940, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Ibert, ma kahi kauoha kūikawā a ke aupuni Vichy, ua holoi ʻia kona inoa mai ka papa inoa o nā luna moana, a ua pāpā ʻia kāna mau hana. I nā makahiki ʻehā e hiki mai ana, noho ʻo Iber ma kahi kūlana semi-kūpono, e hoʻomau ana i ka haku (i ka makahiki 1942 ua puka ʻo ia mai ka String Quartet, i hoʻomaka i ʻelima mau makahiki ma mua). I ʻOkakopa 1942, hiki iā Iber ke neʻe i Switzerland, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e loaʻa nā pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi (sepsis).

Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Paris i ʻAukake 1944, ua hoʻi ʻo Ibert i Farani. Mai ka makahiki 1945 a hiki i ka makahiki 1947 ua alakaʻi hou ka mea haku mele i ka French Academy ma Roma. Kākau hou ʻo Iber i nā mele no nā hana keaka a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ballet, alakaʻi i kāna mau haku ponoʻī.

Mai ka 1950s, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Iber e ʻike i nā pilikia me ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, ka mea i koi iā ia e hoʻōki i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻaha mele a me ke aʻo ʻana. I ka makahiki 1960 ua neʻe ka haku mele mai Roma a i Palika.

Ua make ʻo Iber i ka lā 5 o Pepeluali i ka makahiki 1962 mai ka hōʻeha puʻuwai. I nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola ʻana, ua hana ʻo ia ma ka Second Symphony, ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia. Ua kanu ʻia ka mea haku mele ma ka ilina Passy.

Hoʻohui ka hana a Iber i nā mea neoclassical a me ka impressionistic: ka mālamalama a me ka lokahi o ke ʻano, ke kūʻokoʻa melodic, ke kani maʻalahi, ka mea kani kala. He haku ʻo Iber i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mele, he ʻakaʻaka māmā.

Nā haku mele:

kahawai – Perseus and Andromeda (1923 post. 1929, tr “Grand Opera”, Paris), Gonzago (1929, Monte Carlo; 1935, tr “Opera comic”, Paris), King Yveto (1930, tr- p “Opera Comic”, Paris), Eaglet (ma muli o ka pāʻani o ka inoa hoʻokahi e E. Rostand, me A. Honegger, 1937, Monte Carlo); baleta - Nā hālāwai (ua hana ʻia ka helu ma ke kumu o ka piano suite, 1925, ka Grand Opera, Paris), Diane de Poitiers (choreography na M. Fokine, 1934, ibid.), Love Adventures of Jupiter (1946, "Tr Champs Elysees, Paris), Knight Errant (ma muli o Cervantes 'Don Quixote, mele mai ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo Don Quixote, choreography na S. Lifar, 1950, Grand Opera, Paris), Triumph of Chastity (1955, Chicago); opereta – Baby Cardinal (me Honegger, 1938, tr “Buff-Parisien”, Paris); no ka poʻe solo, choir and orchestra - cantata (1919), Elizabethan suite (1944); no ka hookani pila - Kalikimaka ma Picardy (1914), nā awa (3 symphonic pena: Roma - Palermo, Tunisia - Nephia, Valencia, 1922), Enchanting Scherzo (1925), Divertimento (1930), Suite Paris (1932), Festive Overture (1942) , Hui Pūʻali (1956); no ka mea kani a me ka orkestra – Concerto symphony (no ka oboe a me na aho, 1948), concerto (no ka ohe, 1934; no na iliohae a me na mea kani makani, 1925), Chamber concertino (no ka saxophone, 1935); lumi hoʻokani pila - ʻekolu (no ka skr., wlch. and harp, 1940), string quartet (1943), wind quintet, etc.; ʻāpana no ka piano, okana, guitar; mele; mele a me ka hana hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni - "The Straw Hat" na Labish (1929), "Iulai 14" na Rolland (me nā mea haku mele Farani ʻē aʻe, 1936), "A Midsummer Night's Dream" na Shakespeare (1942), etc.; mele no nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, incl. ʻO Don Quixote (me ke komo ʻana o FI Chaliapin); mele no nā hōʻike lekiō - The Tragedy of Doctor Faust (1942), Bluebeard (1943), etc.