Jascha Heifetz |
Jascha Heifetz
He paʻakikī loa ke kākau ʻana i kahi kiʻi kiʻi biographical o Heifetz. Me he mea lā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i haʻi kikoʻī i kekahi e pili ana i kona ola. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka mea huna loa o ka honua ma ka ʻatikala a Nicole Hirsch "Jascha Heifetz - Emperor of the Violin", ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi i loaʻa nā ʻike hoihoi e pili ana i kona ola, ʻano a me kona ʻano.
Me he mea lā ua pale aku ʻo ia iā ia iho mai ka honua a puni iā ia me ka pā haʻaheo o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, e ʻae wale ana i ka poʻe i koho ʻia e nānā i loko. “Aina ʻo ia i ka lehulehu, ka walaʻau, ka ʻaina ahiahi ma hope o ka ʻahamele. Ua hōʻole ʻo ia i ke kono a ke Aliʻi o Denemaka, me ka hōʻike ʻana aku i ke Aliʻi me ka mahalo nui ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hele i kahi ma hope o kāna pāʻani.
ʻO Yasha, a i ʻole ʻo Iosif Kheyfets (ua kapa ʻia ka inoa liʻiliʻi ʻo Yasha i ka wā kamaliʻi, a laila ua lilo ia i ʻano pseudonym artistic) i hānau ʻia ma Vilna i ka lā 2 Pepeluali, 1901. ʻO Vilnius maikaʻi loa i kēia lā, ke kapikala o Soviet Lithuania, ʻo ia. He kūlanakauhale mamao i noho ʻia e ka poʻe ʻilihune Iudaio, e hana ana i nā mea hana a pau i hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia - ka poʻe ʻilihune, i wehewehe ʻia e Sholom Aleichem.
ʻO ka makuakāne o Yasha ʻo Reuben Heifetz he klezmer, he mea hoʻokani pila ma ka male ʻana. I ka wā paʻakikī loa, hele ʻo ia me kona kaikaina ʻo Natana a puni nā pā, e ʻimi ana i kahi peni no ka ʻai.
ʻO ka poʻe a pau i ʻike i ka makua kāne o Heifetz, ʻōlelo ʻo ia he mele mele ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o kāna keiki, a ʻo ka ʻilihune hope ʻole i kona wā ʻōpio, ʻo ka hiki ʻole ke loaʻa i ka hoʻonaʻauao mele, ua pale i kāna talena mai ka ulu ʻana.
ʻO wai ka poʻe Iudaio, ʻoi aku ka poʻe mele, ʻaʻole i moeʻuhane e hoʻolilo i kāna keiki "he mea hoʻokani pila no ke ao holoʻokoʻa"? No laila, ua kū'ai mua aku ka makua kāne o Yasha, i ka wā he 3 makahiki wale nō ke keiki, a ho'omaka e a'o iā ia ma kēia mea kani. Eia naʻe, ua holomua wikiwiki ke keiki a ua wikiwiki kona makuakāne e hoʻouna iā ia e aʻo me ke kumu violinist Vilna kaulana ʻo Ilya Malkin. I ka makahiki 6, hāʻawiʻo Yasha i kāna'ahamele mua ma kona kūlanakauhale hānau, a ma hope iho ua hoʻoholoʻia e lawe iā ia i St. Petersburg i ka Auer kaulana.
Ua pāpā nā kānāwai o ke aupuni Lūkini i nā Iudaio e noho ma St. Petersburg. Pono kēia i ka ʻae kūikawā mai ka mākaʻi. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka luna o ka conservatory ʻo A. Glazunov, ma ka mana o kona mana, ua ʻimi pinepine ʻo ia i ka ʻae ʻia no kāna mau haumāna haʻahaʻa, a no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "ke aliʻi o nā Iudaio."
I mea e noho ai ʻo Yasha me kona mau mākua, ua ʻae ʻo Glazunov i ka makuakāne o Yasha ma ke ʻano he haumāna ma ka conservatory. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka papa inoa o ka papa Auer mai 1911 a hiki i 1916 e komo pū me ʻelua Heifetz - ʻo Joseph lāua ʻo Reubena.
I ka wā mua, ua aʻo ʻo Yasha no kekahi manawa me ka adjunct o Auer, ʻo I. Nalbandyan, ka mea, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i hana i nā hana hoʻomākaukau āpau me nā haumāna o ke kumu aʻoaʻo kaulana, e hoʻoponopono ana i kā lākou ʻenehana loea. Lawe ʻo Auer i ke keiki ma lalo o kona ʻēheu, a ʻaʻole liuliu ua lilo ʻo Heifetz i hōkū mua ma waena o ka ʻālohilohi o nā haumāna ma ka conservatory.
ʻO ka hoʻomaka maikaʻi o Heifetz, ka mea i lawe koke iā ia i ka kaulana o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, he hana ia ma Berlin i ka pō o ke Kaua Honua Mua. Ua hele pū ke keikikāne 13 makahiki me Artur Nikish. Ua lohe ʻo Kreisler, ka mea i hele i ka ʻahamele, iā ia e pāʻani ana a ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "Me ka hauʻoli e uhaʻi au i kaʻu violin i kēia manawa!"
Makemake ʻo Auer e hoʻolimalima i ke kauwela me kāna mau haumāna ma ke kūlanakauhale nani o Loschwitz, aia ma kapa o ka Elbe, kokoke i Dresden. Ma kāna puke Among the Musicians, haʻi ʻo ia i kahi ʻaha mele ʻo Loschwitz kahi i hoʻokani ai ʻo Heifetz lāua ʻo Seidel i ka Bach's Concerto no ʻelua violins ma D minor. Ua hele mai nā mea hoʻokani pila mai Dresden a me Berlin e hoʻolohe i kēia ʻaha mele: "Ua hoʻohauʻoli nui ʻia nā malihini i ka maʻemaʻe a me ka lokahi o ke ʻano, ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hohonu, ʻaʻole hoʻi e haʻi i ka maikaʻi ʻenehana i pāʻani ai nā keikikāne ʻelua i nā blouse luina, ʻo Jascha Heifetz lāua ʻo Toscha Seidel. keia hana maikai.
Ma ka puke hoʻokahi, wehewehe ʻo Auer i ke ʻano o ka puka ʻana o ke kaua me kāna mau haumāna ma Loschwitz, a me ka ʻohana Heifets ma Berlin. Ua mālama ʻia ʻo Auer ma lalo o ka mākaʻi koʻikoʻi a hiki i ʻOkakopa, a ʻo Kheyfetsov a hiki i Dekemaba 1914. I Dekemaba, ua ʻike hou ʻia ʻo Yasha Kheyfets a me kona makuakāne ma Petrograd a hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaka i ke aʻo ʻana.
Ua noho ʻo Auer i nā mahina kauwela o 1915-1917 ma Norewai, ma kahi kokoke i Christiania. I ke kauwela o 1916, ua hele pū ʻo ia me nā ʻohana Heifetz a me Seidel. "E hoʻi ana ʻo Tosha Seidel i kahi ʻāina i ʻike mua ʻia ai ʻo ia. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka inoa ʻo Yasha Heifetz i ka lehulehu. Eia naʻe, loaʻa i kāna impresario i loko o ka hale waihona puke o kekahi o nā nūpepa Christiania nui loa he ʻatikala Berlin no 1914, nāna i hāʻawi i kahi loiloi hoihoi o Heifetz hana hoʻohiwahiwa ma kahi ʻaha mele ma Berlin i alakaʻi ʻia e Arthur Nikisch. ʻO ka hopena, ua kūʻai ʻia nā tiketi no nā ʻaha mele a Heifetz. Ua kono ʻia ʻo Seidel lāua ʻo Heifetz e ke aliʻi Norewai a hoʻokani ʻia ma kona hale aliʻi i ka Bach Concerto, i ka makahiki 1914 i mahalo ʻia e nā malihini o Loschwitz. ʻO kēia nā ʻanuʻu mua o Heifetz ma ke kahua noʻeau.
I ke kauwela o 1917, ua kau inoa ʻo ia i kahi ʻaelike no kahi huakaʻi i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a ma Siberia i Iapana, ua neʻe ʻo ia me kona ʻohana i Kaleponi. ʻAʻole paha i noʻonoʻo ʻo ia e lilo ʻo ʻAmelika i kona home ʻelua a pono ʻo ia e hele mai i Rusia i hoʻokahi wale nō, he kanaka makua, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokipa.
Ua ʻōlelo lākou, ʻo ka ʻaha mele mua loa ma New York's Carnegie Hall i hoʻokipa i kahi hui nui o nā mea hoʻokani pila - nā mea hoʻokani pila, nā violinists. He kūleʻa kupaianaha ka ʻahamele a kaulana koke ka inoa ʻo Heifetz i nā pōʻai mele o ʻAmelika. “Ua hoʻokani ʻo ia e like me ke akua i ka papa violin virtuoso holoʻokoʻa, a ʻaʻole i like ka diabolical nā pāʻani a Paganini. Aia ʻo Misha Elman ma ke keʻena me ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻo Godovsky. Huli akula ʻo ia iā ia, "ʻAʻole anei ʻoe e ʻike he wela loa ma ʻaneʻi?" A i ka pane ʻana: "ʻAʻole loa no ka pianist."
Ma ʻAmelika, a ma ka honua Komohana, ua lawe ʻo Jascha Heifetz i ka wahi mua ma waena o nā violinists. He mea kupanaha kona kaulana, kaao. "E like me Heifetz" loiloi lākou i ke koena, ʻo nā mea hana nui loa, me ka haʻalele ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa stylistic a me kēlā me kēia kanaka. "Ua ʻike ka poʻe violinists nui loa o ka honua iā ia ʻo ko lākou haku, ʻo ko lākou kumu hoʻohālike. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻilihune ka mele i kēia manawa me nā violinists nui loa, akā ke ʻike koke ʻoe iā Jascha Heifets e kū mai ana ma ke kahua, hoʻomaopopo koke ʻoe ua piʻi maoli ʻo ia ma luna o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ke manaʻo mau nei ʻoe i kahi mamao; ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ʻakaʻaka ma ke keʻena; ʻaʻole ʻo ia e nānā i laila. Paʻa ʻo ia i kāna violin - he 1742 Guarneri i hoʻohana ʻia e Sarasata - me ka ʻoluʻolu. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia e haʻalele iā ia i ka hihia a hiki i ka manawa hope loa a ʻaʻole loa e hana ma mua o ka hele ʻana i ke kahua. Paʻa ʻo ia iā ia iho e like me ke aliʻi a noho aliʻi ma ke kahua. Paʻa ka hale, paʻa ka hanu, mahalo i kēia kanaka.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole e poina ka poʻe i hele i nā ʻaha mele a Heifetz i kona mau hiʻohiʻona haʻaheo aliʻi, kūlana hanohano, kūʻokoʻa ʻole i ka wā e pāʻani ana me ka liʻiliʻi o nā neʻe, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka mana hoʻohiwahiwa o ka hopena o kāna kiʻi kupaianaha.
I ka makahiki 1925, ua loaʻa iā Heifetz ke kupa ʻAmelika. I nā makahiki he 30, ʻo ia ke kiʻi o ka hui mele ʻAmelika. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kāna pāʻani e nā hui gramophone nui loa; hana ʻo ia i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma ke ʻano he mea pena, hana ʻia kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana iā ia.
I ka makahiki 1934, kipa ʻo ia i ka Soviet Union no ka manawa wale nō. Ua kono ʻia ʻo ia i kā mākou huakaʻi e ka People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs MM Litvinov. Ma ke ala i ka USSR, hele ʻo Kheifets ma Berlin. Ua hele koke ʻo Kelemania i ka fascism, akā makemake mau ke kapikala e hoʻolohe i ka violinist kaulana. Ua hoʻokipa ʻia ʻo Heifets me nā pua, ua hōʻike ʻo Goebbels i kahi makemake e hoʻohanohano ka mea pena kaulana iā Berlin me kona alo a hāʻawi i nā ʻaha mele. Akā naʻe, hōʻole loa ka mea hoʻokani pila.
ʻO kāna mau ʻahamele ma Moscow a me Leningrad e hōʻuluʻulu i kahi anaina hoihoi. ʻAe, ʻaʻohe mea kupanaha - ʻo ke ʻano o Heifetz ma waena o 30s ua hiki i ke oʻo piha. Ma ka pane ʻana i kāna mau ʻahamele, kākau ʻo I. Yampolsky e pili ana i ka "full-blooded musicality", "classical precision of expression." “He kiʻekiʻe ka hana a me ka mana nui. Hoʻohui ia i ka austerity monumental a me ka virtuoso brilliance, plastic expressiveness a me ke ʻano alualu. Inā paha e pāʻani ana ʻo ia i kahi trinket liʻiliʻi a i ʻole Brahms Concerto, hāʻawi like ʻo ia iā lākou kokoke. He ʻano malihini ʻo ia i ka affectation a me ka triviality, sentimentality a me mannerisms. Ma kāna Andante mai Mendelssohn's Concerto ʻaʻohe "Mendelssohnism", a ma Canzonetta mai Tchaikovsky's Concerto ʻaʻohe ʻeha elegiac o "chanson triste", maʻamau i ka wehewehe ʻana o nā violinists ... ʻAʻole kēia kaohi ʻana i ke anu .
Ma Moscow a me Leningrad, hui ʻo Kheifets me kona mau hoa kahiko ma ka papa o Auer - Miron Polyakin, Lev Tseytlin, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe; Ua hui pū ʻo ia me Nalbandyan, ke kumu mua i hoʻomākaukau iā ia no ka papa Auer ma ka Conservatory o St. Petersburg. Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei i ka wā i hala, ua hele ʻo ia ma nā ala o ka conservatory nāna i hānai iā ia, kū lōʻihi i loko o ka lumi papa, kahi i hele ai ʻo ia i kāna kumu hope a koi.
ʻAʻohe ala e ʻike ai i ke ola o Heifetz ma ka papa manawa, ua hūnā ʻia mai ka prying eyes. Akā, e like me ka manaʻo o nā kolamu o nā nūpepa a me nā ʻatikala, e like me nā hōʻike a ka poʻe i hui pilikino iā ia, hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa i kekahi manaʻo o uXNUMXbuXNUMXbhi kona ʻano o ke ola, ke ʻano a me ke ʻano.
"I ka nānā mua ʻana," kākau ʻo K. Flesh, "hāʻawi ʻo Kheifetz i ka manaʻo o kahi kanaka phlegmatic. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o kona mau helehelena me he mea lā ʻaʻohe oni, ʻoʻoleʻa; aka, he huna huna wale no keia ma hope ona e huna ai i kona mau manao oiaio. Hoʻohālikelike ʻo Heifetz i ka pāʻani o nā haumāna mediocre.
ʻIke ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona like e Nicole Hirsch. Ua kākau pū ʻo ia ʻo ke anuanu a me ka haʻaheo o Heifetz ma waho wale nō: ʻoiaʻiʻo, haʻahaʻa ʻo ia, hilahila, a lokomaikaʻi. Ma Paris, no ka laʻana, ua hāʻawi ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia i nā ʻahamele no ka pono o nā poʻe mele kahiko. Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo Hirsch he makemake nui ʻo ia i ka ʻakaʻaka, ʻakaʻaka a ʻaʻole ʻae ʻo ia e hoʻolei i kahi helu ʻakaʻaka me kāna poʻe aloha. I kēia manawa, haʻi ʻo ia i kahi moʻolelo ʻakaʻaka me ka impresario Maurice Dandelo. I kekahi manawa, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻahamele, kāhea ʻo Kheifets iā Dandelo, ka mea nāna i hoʻomalu, i kona lumi noʻeau a noi iā ia e uku koke iā ia i ka uku ma mua o ka hana.
"Akā ʻaʻole uku ʻia kahi mea pena ma mua o kahi ʻahamele.
– Ke koi nei au.
— Ah! E waiho wale au
Me kēia mau ʻōlelo, hoʻolei ʻo Dandelo i kahi envelopp me ke kālā ma ka papaʻaina a hele i ka mana. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hoʻi ʻo ia e aʻo iā Heifetz e pili ana i ke komo ʻana i ke kahua a ... ʻAʻohe kanaka wāwae, ʻaʻohe pahu violin, ʻaʻohe kaikamahine Kepani, ʻaʻohe mea. He enveloppe wale nō ma ka papaʻaina. Noho ʻo Dandelo ma ka papaʻaina a heluhelu: “Maurice, mai uku i kahi mea pena ma mua o kahi ʻahamele. Hele mākou a pau i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
Hiki i kekahi ke noʻonoʻo i ke kūlana o ka impresario. ʻOiaʻiʻo, peʻe ka hui holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka lumi a nānā iā Dandelo me ka hauʻoli. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke kū i kēia ʻakaʻaka no ka manawa lōʻihi a ʻakaʻaka nui. Eia naʻe, hoʻohui ʻo Hirsch, ʻaʻole loa e poina ʻo Dandelo i ke kahe ʻana o ka hou anuanu e kahe ana ma kona ʻāʻī i kēlā ahiahi a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā.
Ma keʻano laulā, loaʻa i kāna ʻatikala nā kikoʻī hoihoi e pili ana i ke ʻano o Heifetz, kona ʻono a me ka ʻohana. Ua kākau ʻo Hirsch inā hōʻole ʻo ia i ke kono ʻana i nā ʻahaʻaina ma hope o nā ʻahamele, ʻo ia wale nō no kona makemake, e kono ana i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau hoaaloha i kona hōkele, e ʻoki ponoʻī i ka moa āna i kuke ai iā ia iho. "Wehe ʻo ia i ka ʻōmole champagne, hoʻololi i nā lole papa i ka home. Manaʻo ka mea pena he kanaka hauʻoli.
ʻOiai ma Paris, nānā ʻo ia i nā hale kūʻai kahiko āpau, a hoʻonohonoho pū i nā ʻaina ahiahi maikaʻi nona iho. "Ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā helu wahi o nā bistros āpau a me ka meaʻai no nā ula ʻAmelika, kahi āna e ʻai nui ai me kona mau manamana lima, me kahi kāwele ma kona ʻāʻī, e poina ana i ka kaulana a me ke mele… nā mea hoʻokipa, nā hale hōʻikeʻike; Maikaʻi ʻo ia i nā ʻōlelo ʻEulopa - Palani (a hiki i nā dialects kūloko a me nā jargon maʻamau), English, German. Brilliantly ike palapala, poetry; pupule i ke aloha, no ka laʻana, me Pushkin, nona nā mele āna i puʻuwai ai. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā mea ʻē aʻe i kāna ʻono palapala. Wahi a kona kaikuahine, ʻo S. Heifetz, mālama ʻo ia i ka hana a Romain Rolland me ka ʻoluʻolu loa, me ka makemake ʻole iā ia no "Jean Christophe".
Ma ke mele, makemake ʻo Heifetz i ka mele kahiko; ʻo nā hana a nā haku haku o kēia wā, ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe o ka "hema," ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomāʻona iā ia. I ka manawa like, makemake ʻo ia i ka jazz, ʻoiai kekahi mau ʻano o ia mea, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻano mele a me nā mele jazz e weliweli iā ia. “I kekahi ahiahi ua hele au i ka hui kūloko e hoʻolohe i kahi mea pena mele kaulana. Ua lohe koke ʻia ka leo o ka pōhaku a me ka ʻōwili. Ua like koʻu nalo ʻana i ka ʻike. Akā, unuhi aʻela ʻo ia i kahi hainaka, haehae ʻia a hoʻopaʻa i kona mau pepeiao… ".
ʻO ka wahine mua a Heifetz ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni kaulana ʻAmelika ʻo Florence Vidor. Ma mua ona, ua mare ʻo ia i kahi alakaʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni akamai. Mai Florence, ua haʻalele ʻo Heifetz i ʻelua keiki - he keikikāne a he kaikamahine. Ua aʻo ʻo ia iā lāua ʻelua i ka hoʻokani pila. Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaikamahine ma mua o ke keiki kāne. Hele pinepine ʻo ia me kona makuakāne i kāna huakaʻi. No ke keiki, makemake nui ka violin iā ia, a makemake ʻo ia e komo ʻaʻole i ke mele, akā i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā peʻa leka, e hoʻokūkū nei me kona makuakāne. I kēia manawa, loaʻa iā Jascha Heifetz kekahi o nā hōʻiliʻili waina waiwai loa ma ka honua.
Noho mau ʻo Heifetz ma Kaleponi, kahi i loaʻa iā ia kona villa ponoʻī ma ke kaona nani o Los Angeles ma Beverly Hill, kokoke i Hollywood.
He kahua maikaʻi loa ka villa no nā ʻano pāʻani āpau - he kahua tennis, nā papa ping-pong, nona ka mea lanakila ʻole o ka hale. He 'âlapa maika'i 'o Heifetz - 'au'au 'o ia, ho'okele ka'a, pā'ani tennis maika'i loa. No laila, ʻo ia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ia ma mua o 60 mau makahiki, kāhāhā ʻo ia me ka vivacity a me ka ikaika o ke kino. I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi hanana maikaʻi ʻole - ua haki ʻo ia i kona ʻūhā a ʻaʻole kūpono no 6 mau mahina. Akā naʻe, ua kōkua kona kino hao i ka puka palekana mai kēia moʻolelo.
He kanaka hana ikaika ʻo Heifetz. Hoʻokani nui ʻo ia i ka violin, ʻoiai ʻo ia ke hana pono. Ma keʻano laulā, ma ke ola a ma ka hana, ua hoʻonohonoho ponoʻiaʻo ia. Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho, noʻonoʻo i kāna hana, e kū mau ana me ka hahai ʻana o ke ʻano.
Makemake ʻo ia i nā mele keʻena a hoʻokani pinepine i nā mele ma ka home me ka cellist Grigory Pyatigorsky a i ʻole violist William Primrose, a me Arthur Rubinstein. "I kekahi manawa hāʻawi lākou i nā 'luxe sessions' e koho i nā mea hoʻolohe o 200-300 poʻe."
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hāʻawi ʻole ʻo Kheifets i nā ʻahamele. No laila, i ka makahiki 1962, hā'awi 'o ia i 6 mau 'aha mele - 4 ma USA, 1 ma Ladana a me 1 ma Palika. He waiwai nui ʻo ia a ʻaʻole makemake ka ʻaoʻao waiwai iā ia. Ua hōʻike ʻo Nickel Hirsch ma ke kālā wale nō i loaʻa mai 160 discs o nā moʻolelo i hana ʻia e ia i ka wā o kona ola ʻana, hiki iā ia ke ola a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā. Hoʻohui ka mea kākau moʻolelo i nā makahiki i hala, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ʻo Kheifetz ma mua o ʻelua i ka pule.
He ākea loa nā makemake mele o Heifetz: ʻaʻole ʻo ia he violinist wale nō, akā he alakaʻi maikaʻi nō hoʻi, a ʻo ia hoʻi, he haku mele akamai. He nui kāna mau palapala ʻaha mele papa mua a me kāna mau hana mua no ka violin.
I ka makahiki 1959, ua kono ʻia ʻo Heifetz e aʻo i ka professorship in violin ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi. Ua ʻae ʻo ia i 5 mau haumāna a me 8 i mea hoʻolohe. Wahi a kekahi o kāna mau haumāna, ʻo Beverly Somah, e hele mai ana ʻo Heifetz i ka papa me ka violin a hōʻike i nā ʻano hana hana ma ke ala: “Ke hōʻike nei kēia mau hōʻikeʻike i ka pāʻani violin kupaianaha loa aʻu i lohe ai.
Hōʻike ka memo e koi ana ʻo Heifetz i nā haumāna e hana i kēlā me kēia lā ma nā unahi, e pāʻani i nā sonata a Bach, nā etudes a Kreutzer (ʻo ia kāna e hoʻokani mau ai iā ia iho, e kapa ana iā lākou "kaʻu Baibala") a me Carl Flesch's Basic Etudes for Violin Without a Bow. Inā maikaʻi ʻole kekahi mea me ka haumāna, paipai ʻo Heifetz e hana mālie ma kēia ʻāpana. Ma kāna ʻōlelo hoʻokaʻawale i kāna mau haumāna, ʻōlelo ʻo ia: “E lilo ʻoe i mau ʻōlelo hoʻohewa. Mai hoʻomaha ma kāu laurels, mai hāʻawi iā ʻoe iho i nā uku hoʻemi. Inā maikaʻi ʻole kekahi mea iā ʻoe, mai ʻāhewa ʻoe i ka violin, nā kaula, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
He mea maʻamau nā huaʻōlelo e hoʻopau ai i kona manaʻo. Akā inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ai, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke huki i kahi hopena e pili ana i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano aʻoaʻo o ka mea pena kiʻi. Nā unahi… pehea ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana o ka poʻe aʻo violin iā lākou, a pehea ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana mai iā lākou i ke akamai i ka ʻenehana manamana lima! Nani ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Heifetz i noho i ke kula kahiko o Auer, me ka hilinaʻi nui ʻana i nā aʻoaʻo a Kreutzer! A ʻo ka mea hope loa, he aha kāna mea nui e pili ana i ka hana kūʻokoʻa a ka haumāna, kona mākaukau no ka nānā ʻana, ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi iā ia iho, he kumu koʻikoʻi ma hope o kēia mau mea a pau!
Wahi a Hirsch, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻo Kheifets i 5, akā 6 mau haumāna i loko o kāna papa, a ua hoʻonoho ʻo ia iā lākou ma ka home. "I kēlā me kēia lā hui lākou me ka haku a hoʻohana i kāna ʻōlelo aʻo. ʻO kekahi o kāna mau haumāna, ʻo Eric Friedman, i hoʻomaka maikaʻi ma Lākana. I ka makahiki 1962 ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā ʻahamele ma Palisa”; ma 1966 ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa o ka laureate o ka International Tchaikovsky Competition ma Moscow.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻike ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana o Heifetz, ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe i luna, ma kahi ʻatikala a kahi mea kākau moʻolelo ʻAmelika mai "Saturday Evening", i paʻi hou ʻia e ka makasina "Musical Life": "He mea maikaʻi ke noho pū me Heifetz i kāna keena hou e nānā ana iā Beverly. Puʻu. Ua ʻāhinahina ka lauoho o ka mea hoʻokani pila, ua ʻano ʻuʻuku ʻo ia, ʻike ʻia ma kona mau helehelena nā meheu o nā makahiki i hala, akā naʻe, ʻālohilohi kona mau maka. Makemake ʻo ia i ke kamaʻilio, a ʻōlelo ʻo ia me ka ʻoliʻoli a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Ma ke kahua, ʻano anu a mālama ʻia ʻo Kheifets, akā ma ka home he kanaka ʻokoʻa. ʻO kāna ʻakaʻaka ke kani ʻana me ka pumehana a me ka ʻoluʻolu, a me ke ʻano o kona ʻōlelo ʻana.
Me kāna papa, hana ʻo Kheifetz i 2 manawa i ka pule, ʻaʻole i kēlā me kēia lā. A eia hou, a ma kēia ʻatikala, pili ia i nā unahi āna e koi ai e pāʻani i nā hoʻokolohua ʻae. "Manaʻo ʻo Heifetz iā lākou ke kumu o ka maikaʻi." "Ua koi nui ʻo ia a, ua ʻae ʻo ia i ʻelima mau haumāna i ka makahiki 1960, ua hōʻole ʻo ia i ʻelua ma mua o nā hoʻomaha kauwela.
"ʻElua wale nō aʻu mau haumāna i kēia manawa," wahi āna me ka ʻakaʻaka. "Ke hopohopo nei au i ka hopena e hele au i kekahi lā i kahi hale hoʻokipa kaʻawale, e noho me kahi manawa a hoʻi i ka home. - A ua hoʻohui hou ʻo ia: ʻAʻole kēia he hale hana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana nui ma aneʻi. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka hapa nui o kaʻu mau haumāna i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono.
"Pono nui mākou i nā kumu hoʻokani," hoʻomau ʻo Kheyfets. "ʻAʻohe mea pāʻani iā ia iho, ua kaupalena ʻia nā mea a pau i ka wehewehe waha ..." Wahi a Heifets, pono e hoʻokani maikaʻi ke kumu a hiki ke hōʻike i ka haumāna i kēia a i kēlā hana. "A ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi i ka nui o ke kumu noʻonoʻo." Hoʻopau ʻo ia i kāna hōʻike ʻana i kona mau manaʻo e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana me nā huaʻōlelo: “ʻAʻohe huaʻōlelo kupua e hiki ke hōʻike i nā mea huna o ke kiʻi violin. ʻAʻohe pihi, lawa ia e paʻi e pāʻani pololei. Pono ʻoe e hana ikaika, a laila kani wale kāu violin.
Nani kēia mau mea a pau e pili ana i nā ʻano aʻoaʻo o Auer!
E noʻonoʻo ana i ke ʻano hana o Heifetz, ʻike ʻo Carl Flesh i kekahi mau pou koʻikoʻi i kāna pāʻani. I kona manaʻo, pāʻani ʻo Kheifets i kekahi manawa "me ka lima hoʻokahi", me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana o nā manaʻo hana. "Akā, i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana iā ia, ala mai ka mea pena kiʻi nui loa. ʻO ia mau hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i kāna wehewehe ʻana i ka Sibelius Concerto, ʻokoʻa i kāna kala kiʻi; Aia ʻo ia ma ka lipine. I kēlā mau hihia ke pāʻani ʻo Heifetz me ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole o loko, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kāna pāʻani, me ke anu me ke aloha ʻole, me ke kiʻi marble nani loa. Ma ke ʻano he violinist, ua mākaukau mau ʻo ia no kekahi mea, akā, ma ke ʻano he mea pena, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i loko .. "
Ua pololei ka ʻiʻo i ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā pou o ka hana a Heifetz, akā, i ko mākou manaʻo, ua hewa loa ʻo ia i ka wehewehe ʻana i ko lākou ʻano. A hiki i ka mea hoʻokani pila o ia waiwai ke pāʻani "me ka lima hoʻokahi"? He mea hiki ole! ʻO ka manaʻo, he mea ʻē aʻe - i ke ʻano pilikino o Heifets, i kona hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano phenomena like ʻole o ke mele, i kona hoʻokokoke ʻana iā lākou. Ma Heifetz, ma ke ʻano he mea pena, me he mea lā ua kūʻē ʻia nā kumukānāwai ʻelua, pili kokoke a hoʻohui pū kekahi me kekahi, akā ma ke ʻano e lanakila ai kekahi, i kekahi. ʻO kēia mau hoʻomaka ʻana he sublimely "maʻamau" a me ka hōʻike a me ke keaka. ʻAʻole ia he mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Flash i ka pōʻai "anu ʻole" o ka pāʻani a Heifetz me kahi kiʻi marble nani. I loko o ia hoʻohālikelike, aia ka ʻike o ka hemolele kiʻekiʻe, a ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa inā pāʻani ʻo Kheifets "me ka lima hoʻokahi" a, ma ke ʻano he mea pena, ʻaʻole "mākaukau" no ka hana.
Ma kekahi o kāna mau ʻatikala, ua wehewehe ka mea kākau o kēia hana i ke ʻano hana o Heifetz e like me ke ʻano o ka "classism kiʻekiʻe" hou. Me he mea la ia makou, ua oi aku keia me ka oiaio. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻike ʻia ke ʻano maʻamau ma ke ʻano he sublime a ma ka manawa like ʻo ke kiʻi koʻikoʻi, pathetic a ma ka manawa like koʻikoʻi, a ʻo ka mea nui loa - hoʻomalu ʻia e ka naʻauao. ʻO ka Classicism kahi ʻano intellectualized. Akā ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua pili loa nā mea a pau i ʻōlelo ʻia i Heifets, i kekahi hihia, i kekahi o nā "pole" o kāna hana hana. E hoʻomanaʻo hou kākou e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma ke ʻano he hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o ke ʻano o Heifetz, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma kāna hana. ʻO ia ʻano normative o ka noʻonoʻo mele he hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka classicist, ʻaʻole ia o ke aloha.
Ua kapa mākou i ka "pole" ʻē aʻe o kāna kiʻi "expressive-dramatic", a kuhikuhi ʻo Flesh i kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ia mea - ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka Sibelius Concerto. Maanei e paila ai na mea a pau, e paila ana i ke kahe nui o na manao; ʻaʻole hoʻokahi memo "manaʻo ʻole", "kaʻawale". Eia naʻe, ʻo ke ahi o nā kuko he manaʻo koʻikoʻi - ʻo ia ke ahi o Prometheus.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano hoʻokano o Heifetz, ʻo ia kāna hana ʻana i ka Brahms Concerto, hoʻoikaika nui ʻia, piha i ka ikehu lua pele maoli. He hiʻohiʻona i loko o ia Heifets e hoʻokūpaʻa ʻaʻole i ke aloha, akā i ka hoʻomaka mua.
Ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ʻo Heifetz e mālama ʻo ia i nā kumu o ke kula ʻo Auerian. Eia naʻe, he aha ka mea i hōʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia. Hoʻomanaʻo kekahi mau mea o kāna repertoire iā lākou. Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo Heifetz e hana i nā hana i aʻo ʻia ma ka papa o Auer a ua aneane ua haʻalele i ka repertoire o nā mea pāʻani ʻaha mele nui o ko mākou au - nā concerto Bruch, ka ʻEhā Vietana, nā Melodies Hungarian a Ernst, etc.
Akā, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole wale kēia e hoʻopili i ka haumāna me ke kumu. Kūkulu ʻia ke kula ʻo Auer ma ke kumu o nā kuʻuna kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kani o ke kenekulia XNUMX, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea kani "vocal" melodious. ʻO kahi cantilena piha koko, waiwai, ʻano haʻaheo bel canto, ʻokoʻa hoʻi i ka pāʻani ʻana a Heifetz, ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna hīmeni ʻana i ka "Ave, Marie" a Schubert. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka "vocalization" o ka haʻiʻōlelo mea kani a Heifetz ʻaʻole i loko o kāna "belcanto" wale nō, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma kahi leo wela, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā monologues hoihoi a ka mea mele. A ma kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole paha ʻo ia ka hoʻoilina o Auer, akā no Chaliapin. Ke hoʻolohe ʻoe i ka Sibelius Concerto i hana ʻia e Heifets, pinepine kona ʻano o ka leo ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo, me he mea lā i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka ʻāʻī "ʻoki ʻia" mai ka ʻike a me ke ʻano "hanu", "nā komo", e like me ka heluhelu ʻana a Chaliapin.
Ke hilinaʻi nei i nā kuʻuna o Auer-Chaliapin, Kheifets, i ka manawa like, hoʻololi hou iā lākou. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kiʻi o ke kenekulia 1934 i ka dynamism i loaʻa i ka pāʻani o Heifetz. E kuhikuhi hou kākou i ka Brahms Concerto i hoʻokani ʻia e Heifets ma kahi “hao”, ʻoiaʻiʻo ostinato rhythm. E hoʻomanaʻo pū kākou i nā laina hōʻike o ka loiloi a Yampolsky (XNUMX), kahi āna i kākau ai e pili ana i ka nele o "Mendelssohnism" ma Mendelssohn's Concerto a me ka elegiac anguish i ka Canzonette mai Tchaikovsky's Concerto. Mai ka pāʻani o Heifetz, no laila, nalo ka mea maʻamau o ka hana o ka XNUMXth century - sentimentalism, sensitive affectation, romantic elegiacism. A ʻo kēia me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana o Heifetz i ka glissando, kahi portamento tart. Akā ʻo lākou, i hui pū ʻia me kahi leo koʻikoʻi, loaʻa i kahi leo hoʻokani wiwo ʻole, ʻokoʻa loa i ka lele ʻana o nā violinists o ka XNUMXth a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia XNUMX.
ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi mea pena kiʻi, ʻoiai ke ākea a me nā ʻano like ʻole, ke hōʻike i nā ʻano nani o ke au e noho nei. Eia naʻe, ke noʻonoʻo ʻoe e pili ana iā Heifetz, ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka manaʻo i loko ona, i kona helehelena a pau, i kāna mau hana kūikawā a pau, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi, koʻikoʻi a me ka hōʻike ʻana o ko mākou wā hou.
L. Raaben, 1967
