John Barbirolli (John Barbirolli) |
John Barbirolli
Makemake ʻo John Barbirolli e kapa iā ia iho he kamaʻāina ʻo Lākana. Ua pili maoli ʻo ia i ke kapikala ʻEnelani: he kakaikahi ka poʻe ma ʻEnelani e hoʻomanaʻo nei he kani Italia kona inoa hope, a ʻo ka inoa maoli o ka mea pena ʻaʻole ʻo John, akā ʻo Giovanni Battista. He Palani kona makuahine, a ma ka ʻaoʻao makua kāne ʻo ia mai kahi ʻohana mele Italia hoʻoilina: ʻo ke kupuna kāne a me ka makuakāne o ka mea pena he violinists a hoʻokani pū ʻia ma ka La Scala orchestra i ka lā poina o ka premiere o Othello. ʻAe, a ʻo Barbirolli e like me ka Italia: nā hiʻohiʻona koi, ka lauoho ʻeleʻele, nā maka ola. ʻAʻole he mea kupanaha, ʻo Toscanini i hālāwai me ia no ka manawa mua i nā makahiki he nui ma hope mai, ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "ʻAe, ʻo ʻoe paha ke keiki a Lorenzo, ka mea hoʻokani pila!"
Akā naʻe, he kanaka Pelekāne ʻo Barbirolli - ma kāna hānai ʻana, ʻono mele, ʻano kaulike. Ua hānai ʻia ka maestro i ka wā e hiki mai ana i loko o kahi lewa waiwai i ka hana noʻeau. Wahi a ka moʻomeheu ʻohana, makemake lākou e hana i ka violinist mai loko mai o ia. Akā, ʻaʻole hiki i ke keiki ke noho mālie me ka violin, a ʻoiai e aʻo ana, hele mau a puni ka lumi. ʻO ia ka manaʻo o ke kupuna kāne – e aʻo ke keiki i ka hoʻokani pila: ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hele wāwae me ia.
No ka manawa mua i hōʻike ʻia ʻo Barbirolli i mua o ka lehulehu ma ke ʻano he soloist ma ka Trinity College haumāna orchestra, a i ka makahiki he ʻumikumamākolu - i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope - ua komo ʻo ia i ka Royal Academy of Music, i ka papa cello, ma hope o kona puka ʻana mai kahi āna i hana ai. nā mele mele ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a G. Wood a me T. Beecham - me ka Ballet Lūkini a ma ka Covent Garden Theatre. Ma ke ʻano he lālā o ka International String Quartet, hana ʻo ia ma Farani, Netherlands, Sepania a ma ka home. I ka makahiki 1924, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Barbirolli i kāna hui ponoʻī, ʻo ka Barbirolli String Orchestra.
Mai ia manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka hana a Barbirolli conductor. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua hoʻohuli ʻia kāna mau hana alakaʻi i ka manaʻo o ka impresario, a i ka makahiki 1926 ua kono ʻia ʻo ia e alakaʻi i nā ʻano hana o ka British National Opera Company - "Aida", "Romeo and Juliet", "Cio-Cio-San", "Falstaff". ”. I kēlā mau makahiki, ʻo Giovanni Battista, a hoʻomaka e kapa ʻia ma ka inoa Pelekane ʻo John.
Ma ka manawa like, ʻoiai he hoʻomaka maikaʻi ʻo Barbirolli iā ia iho i ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka ʻaha mele. I ka makahiki 1933, ua alakaʻi mua ʻo ia i kahi hui nui - ʻo ka Scottish Orchestra ma Glasgow - a i loko o ʻekolu mau makahiki o ka hana ua hoʻokō ʻo ia e hoʻololi iā ia i hoʻokahi o nā mea hoʻokani pila maikaʻi loa ma ka ʻāina.
I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua ulu nui ka inoa o Barbirolli a ua kono ʻia ʻo ia i ka New York Philharmonic Orchestra e pani iā Arturo Toscanini i alakaʻi. Ua kū ʻo ia i kahi pilikia paʻakikī me ka hanohano - he paʻakikī paʻakikī, no ka mea ma New York i kēlā manawa ua ʻike ʻia nā inoa o nā mea alakaʻi nui loa o ka honua i neʻe aku i ʻAmelika i ka wā fascism. Akā, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ke kaua, ua hoʻoholo ke alakaʻi e hoʻi i kona ʻāina hānau. Ua lanakila 'o ia i ka makahiki 1942, ma hope o ka huaka'i pa'akikī a me na la he nui i loko o ka moku kai. ʻO ka hoʻokipa hoihoi i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia e kona mau hoa aloha i hoʻoholo i ka mea, i ka makahiki aʻe ua neʻe hope ka mea pena a alakaʻi i kekahi o nā hui kahiko loa, ʻo ka Halle Orchestra.
Me kēia hui, ua hana ʻo Barbirolli no nā makahiki he nui, e hoʻihoʻi ana iā ia i ka nani āna i hauʻoli ai i ke kenekulia i hala; ʻo ia hoʻi, no ka manawa mua i lilo ai ka orkestra mai ka panalāʻau i hui honua maoli. Ua hoʻomaka nā alakaʻi alakaʻi maikaʻi loa o ka honua e hana pū me ia. Ua huakaʻi ʻo Barbirolli iā ia iho i nā makahiki ma hope o ke kaua - ma kāna iho, a me kāna hui mele, a me nā hui Pelekane ʻē aʻe i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. I ka makahiki 60 ua alakaʻi pū ʻo ia i kahi orkestra ma Houston (USA). I ka makahiki 1967, ua alaka'i 'ia e ka BBC Orchestra, ua kipa 'o ia i ka USSR. A hiki i kēia lā, hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka kaulana kaulana ma ka home a ma waho.
ʻAʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka pono o Barbirolli i ka hana Pelekane i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā hui orchestral. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolaha hoihoi i ka hana a nā haku mele Pelekane, a ʻo Elgar lāua ʻo Vaughan Williams, ka mea hoʻokani mua o ka nui o kāna mau hana. ʻO ke ʻano mālie, akaka, hanohano o ke alakaʻi o ka mea pena kiʻi i kūpono loa i ke ʻano o ke mele o nā haku mele mele Pelekane. ʻO nā haku mele punahele a Barbirolli pū kekahi me nā haku mele o ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala, nā haku o ke ʻano nui symphonic; me ke kumu maoli a me ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā manaʻo monumental o Brahms, Sibelius, Mahler.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
