Luciano Berio |

Luciano Berio

ʻO ka haku mele Italia, alakaʻi a me ke kumu. Me Boulez a me Stockhausen, aia ʻo ia i nā haku mele avant-garde koʻikoʻi o ka hanauna ma hope o ke kaua.

Hānau ʻia i ka makahiki 1925 i loko o kahi ʻohana o nā mea hoʻokani pila ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Imperia (ʻāina ʻo Liguria). Ma hope o ke kaua, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka haku mele ma ka Milan Conservatory me Giulio Cesare Paribeni a me Giorgio Federico Ghedini, a me ke alakaʻi ʻana me Carlo Maria Giulini. ʻOiai ʻo ia e hana ana ma ke ʻano he pianist-accompanist o nā papa leo, ua hālāwai ʻo ia me Katie Berberian, he mele ʻAmelika no ka ʻAmenia me ka laulā ākea o ka leo, ka mea i haku i nā ʻano hīmeni like ʻole. Ua lilo ʻo ia i wahine mua a ka mea haku mele, ʻo kona leo kū hoʻokahi i hoʻoikaika iā ia e ʻimi wiwo ʻole i nā mele leo. I ka makahiki 1951, ua kipa aku ʻo ia i ʻAmelika, kahi āna i aʻo ai ma ka Tanglewood Music Center me Luigi Dallapiccola, nāna i hoʻāla i ka hoihoi o Berio i ke Kula ʻo New Vienna a me ka dodecaphony. I ka makahiki 1954-59. Ua hele ʻo ia i nā papa Darmstadt, kahi i hui ai ʻo Boulez, Stockhausen, Kagel, Ligeti a me nā mea haku mele ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōpio ʻEulopa avant-garde. Ma hope koke iho, ua neʻe ʻo ia mai ka Darmstadt technocracy; Ua hoʻomaka kāna hana e hoʻomohala i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokolohua theatrics, neo-folklorism, ka mana o surrealism, absurdism a me ka structuralism i hoʻomaka e hoʻonui i loko o ia - ma ke ʻano, nā mea kākau a me nā mea manaʻo e like me James Joyce, Samuel Beckett, Claude Levi-Strauss, Umberto Eco. Lawe ʻo ia i nā mele uila, i ka makahiki 1955 ua hoʻokumu ʻo Berio i ka Studio of Musical Phonology ma Milan, kahi āna i kono ai i nā haku mele kaulana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo John Cage lāua ʻo Henri Pousseur. I ka manawa like, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e paʻi i kahi makasina e pili ana i nā mele uila i kapa ʻia ʻo "Musical Meetings" (Incontri Musicali).

I ka makahiki 1960, ua haʻalele hou ʻo ia i ʻAmelika, kahi i lilo ai ʻo ia i "composer in residence" ma Tanglewood a ma ia manawa hoʻokahi i aʻo ʻia ma ke kula ʻo Dartington International Summer School (1960-62), a laila aʻo ʻia ma Mills College ma Oakland, Kaleponi (1962). -65), a ma hope o kēia - ma ke kula ʻo Juilliard ma New York (1965-72), kahi i hoʻokumu ai ʻo ia i ka Juilliard Ensemble (Juilliard Ensemble) o nā mele o kēia wā. I ka makahiki 1968, ua hoʻomaka mua ʻia ʻo Berio's Symphony ma New York me ka lanakila nui. Ma 1974-80 ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ke keʻena o nā mele electro-acoustic ma Paris Institute for Research and Coordination of Acoustics and Music (IRCAM), i hoʻokumu ʻia e Boulez. Ma 1987 ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kahi kikowaena mele like ma Florence i kapa ʻia ʻo Real Time (Tempo Reale). I ka makahiki 1993-94 ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā ʻōlelo aʻo ma ke Kulanui ʻo Harvard, a i ka makahiki 1994-2000 he "mea haku mele kaulana i ka noho ʻana" o kēia kulanui. I ka makahiki 2000, lilo ʻo Berio i Pelekikena a me Superintendent o ka National Academy of Santa Cecilia ma Roma. Ma kēia kūlanakauhale, ua make ka haku mele i ka makahiki 2003.

Hōʻike ʻia ka mele a Berio e ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hui ʻia, me nā mea ʻelua a me nā mea neotonal, nā ʻōlelo a me nā ʻenehana collage. Ua hoʻohui ʻo ia i nā kani kani me nā leo uila a me nā leo o ka ʻōlelo kanaka, i ka makahiki 1960 ua hoʻoikaika ʻo ia no ka hale keaka hoʻokolohua. I ka manawa like, ma lalo o ka mana o Levi-Strauss, ua huli ʻo ia i ka moʻolelo: ʻo ka hopena o kēia leʻaleʻa ʻo "Folk Songs" (1964), i kākau ʻia no Berberyan. ʻO kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ma ka hana a Berio he pūʻulu o "Sequences" (Sequenza), ua kākau ʻia kēlā me kēia no hoʻokahi mea kani solo (a i ʻole leo - e like me Sequenza III, i hana ʻia no Berberian). I loko o ia mau mea, hoʻohui ka mea haku mele i nā manaʻo haku mele hou me nā ʻenehana hoʻokani hoʻonui hou ma kēia mau mea kani. E like me kā Stockhausen i hana ai i kāna "keyboards" i kona ola ʻana, no laila ua hana ʻo Berio i nā hana 1958 ma kēia ʻano mai 2002 a hiki i 14, e hōʻike ana i nā kikoʻī o kāna mau manawa hana.

Mai ka 1970s, ua loli ke ʻano o Berio: ke hoʻoikaika nei nā mea o ka noʻonoʻo a me ka nostalgia i kāna mele. Ma hope mai, hoʻolaʻa ka mea haku mele iā ia iho i ka opera. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi ma kāna hana, ʻo ia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana e nā haku mele ʻē aʻe – a i ʻole nā ​​haku mele kahi e komo ai ʻo ia i kahi kūkākūkā me nā mea mele a nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO Berio ka mea kākau o nā orkestra a me nā unuhi na Monteverdi, Boccherini, Manuel de Falla, Kurt Weill. Loaʻa iā ia nā mana hoʻopau o nā opera a Mozart (Zaida) a me Puccini's (Turandot), a me kahi mele "dialogue" e pili ana i nā ʻāpana o ka symphony Schubert i hoʻomaka akā ʻaʻole i pau i ka D major (DV 936A) i kapa ʻia ʻo "Reduction" (Rendering, 1990).

I ka makahiki 1966, ua loaʻa iā ia ka makana o Italia, a ma hope aku - ka Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. He lālā hanohano ʻo ia o ka Royal Academy of Music (London, 1988), he lālā hanohano o ka American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1994), he laureate o ka Ernst von Siemens Music Prize (1989).

Puna: meloman.ru