Mika |

mai ka Helene métron - ana a ana paha

Ma ke mele a me ka poetry, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka rhythmic e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i kekahi ana e hoʻoholo ai i ka nui o nā kūkulu rhythmic. E like me kēia ana, ʻōlelo waha a me ke mele, ua māhele ʻia ke kikokikona, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka semantic (syntactic), i metric. nā ʻāpana - nā pauku a me nā stanzas, nā ana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona e wehewehe i kēia mau ʻāpana (lōʻihi, helu o nā koʻikoʻi, etc.), ʻokoʻa nā ʻōnaehana o nā mea kani (metric, syllabic, tonic, etc. - i ka versification, mensural a uaki – i ke mele), hiki i kēlā me kēia mea ke komo i nā mika hapa he nui (nā papahana no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻāpana metric) i hui pū ʻia me kahi kumu maʻamau (no ka laʻana, i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana uaki, ʻo nā nui he 4/4, 3/2, 6/8, etc.). Aia i loko o ka metric nā hōʻailona koi wale nō o ka metric. nā ʻāpana, aʻo nā mele ʻē aʻe. noho manuahi nā mea a hana i ka rhythmic. ʻano like ʻole i loko o kahi mika i hāʻawi ʻia. Hiki ke kani me ka mita ʻole—ke ʻano o ka prose, ʻokoʻa me ka paukū (“ana,” “ana” haʻiʻōlelo), ke kani manuahi o ke mele Gregorian, a pēlā aku. I loko o ke mele o kēia au, aia kahi inoa no ka mele mele senza misura manuahi. ʻO nā manaʻo hou e pili ana iā M. ma ke mele ʻo ia hoʻi. i kekahi nui e hilinaʻi ana i ka manaʻo o ka mele mele, ʻo ia naʻe, i kū mai ma ke kahua o ka hui ʻole o ka pauku a me ke mele a ʻo ia hoʻi he mele. Me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka hui mele-mele, nā ʻōnaehana kikoʻī o nā mele a me nā mele. M., e like me ia M. i loko o lākou e hoʻoponopono i ka accentuation, ʻaʻole ka lōʻihi, e like me ka metric kahiko. versification or in medieval mensural (mai lat. mensura – ana) mele. He nui nā kuʻikahi i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana iā M. a me kona pilina me ka rhythm ma muli o Ch. arr. ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano o kekahi o nā ʻōnaehana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke ʻano o ke ao holoʻokoʻa (no R. Westphal, he ʻōnaehana kahiko ia, no X. Riemann - ke mele mele o ka manawa hou). I ka manawa like, ua uhi ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana, a ʻo ka mea maʻamau i nā ʻōnaehana āpau e hāʻule i waho o ka ʻike: ʻo ka rhythm he schematized rhythm, ua hoʻololi ʻia i kahi ʻano paʻa (pinepine a hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā lula) hoʻoholo ʻia e ke kiʻi. maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole psychophysiological. nā manaʻo maʻamau i loko o ke ʻano o ke kanaka ma ka laulā. Hoʻololi kiʻi. ʻO nā pilikia ke kumu o ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana M. Maanei hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i ʻelua mau mea nui. ʻano ʻano.

Anetich. ka ʻōnaehana i hoʻokumu i ka huaʻōlelo "M." pili i ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ke kahua mele a mele. lokahi. Hana ʻo M. i loko o kāna hana mua, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ʻōlelo a me ke mele i ka nani maʻamau. ka loina o ke ana, i hoikeia ma ka commensurability o na waiwai manawa. ʻO ka maʻamau e hoʻokaʻawale i ka pauku mai ka ʻōlelo maʻamau e pili ana i ke mele, a me nā lula o ka metrical, a quantitative, versification (koe wale no ka mea kahiko, a me India, Arabic, etc.), e hoʻoholo ai i ke kaʻina o nā syllables lōʻihi a pōkole me ka lawe ʻole ʻana. e hoʻokomo i nā huaʻōlelo i loko o ka papahana mele, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka puʻupuʻu mai ka leo o nā mele hou a hiki ke kapa ʻia he quantitative, a i ʻole ke ana manawa. Hōʻike ka commensurability i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lōʻihi haʻahaʻa (Greek xronos protos – “chronos protos”, Latin mora – mora) ma ke ʻano he ana o ka mea nui. nā lōʻihi o ke kani (syllabic) he mau paʻi o kēia waiwai kumu. He liʻiliʻi ka lōʻihi o ia mau manawa (aia he 5 o lākou i nā mele mele kahiko - mai l a 5 mora), ʻike maʻalahi ko lākou mau lakio e ko mākou ʻike (ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā memo holoʻokoʻa me kanakolu kekona, etc. hou rhythmics). Hoʻokumu ʻia ka metric nui - ka wāwae - e ka hui ʻana o nā lōʻihi, ʻelua a like ʻole. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana i nā pauku (nā māmalaʻōlelo mele) a me nā pauku i nā stanzas (nā wā mele) pū kekahi me nā ʻāpana like ʻole, akā ʻaʻole pono nā ʻāpana like. Ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o nā ʻāpana kino, ma ka puʻupuʻu quantitative, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka puʻupuʻu i ke ʻano o ka manaʻo kahiko i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kona huikau nui me ke kani. Eia naʻe, i ka wā kahiko, ua ʻokoʻa kēia mau manaʻo, a hiki i kekahi ke wehewehe i kekahi mau wehewehe ʻana o kēia ʻokoʻa e pili ana i kēia mau lā:

1) He ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa o nā syllables ma ka longitude i ʻae ʻia wok. ʻAʻole hōʻike ka mele i nā pilina kino, i hōʻike maopopo ʻia ma ka kikokikona poetic. Muses. rhythm, no laila, hiki ke ana ʻia e ka kikokikona ("Ua maopopo ka nui o ka ʻōlelo: ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua ana ʻia e kahi pōkole a lōʻihi" - Aristotle, "Categories", M., 1939, p. 14), nāna ʻo ia iho i hāʻawi i ka metric. hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka papahana mai nā mea ʻē aʻe o ke mele. ʻO kēia ka mea i hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā metric mai ke kumumanaʻo o ke mele e like me ke aʻo ʻana o nā mika paukū. No laila ke kū'ē nei ma waena o ka mele mele mele a me ke mele mele e ʻike mau ʻia (e laʻa, ma nā hana ma ka moʻolelo mele na B. Bartok a me KV Kvitka). ʻO R. Westphal, nāna i wehewehe iā M. ma ke ʻano he hōʻike ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu i ka haʻiʻōlelo, akā ua kūʻē i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo "M." i ke mele, akā ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia i kēia hihia e lilo ia i like me ka rhythm.

2) ʻAnetika. ʻO ka haʻiʻōlelo, ka mea i koi e loaʻa ke mele ma ka prose, akā ʻaʻole ʻo M., nāna i hoʻololi ia i ka paukū, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka puʻupuʻu haʻiʻōlelo a me. M. – rhythmic. ka hooponopono ana i ke ano o ka pauku. ʻO ia kūʻē ʻana o ka M. pololei a me ke kani manuahi i hui pinepine ʻia i kēia manawa (no ka laʻana, ʻo ka inoa Kelemania no ka pauku manuahi ʻo freie Rhythmen).

3) Ma ka pauku pololei, ua ʻokoʻa ʻia ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana a me ke kani ʻana e like me ka neʻe ponoʻī e hoʻopiha i kēia ʻano. Ma ka paukū kahiko, aia kēia neʻe i ka accentuation a, e pili ana i kēia, i ka mahele o ka metric. nā ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana piʻi (arsis) a me ka iho ʻana (thesis) (ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau manawa rhythmic ua keakea nui ʻia e ka makemake e hoʻohālikelike iā lākou me nā kuʻi ikaika a nāwaliwali); ʻAʻole pili nā leo kani me nā koʻikoʻi waha a ʻaʻole i hōʻike pololei ʻia ma ka kikokikona, ʻoiai ʻo kā lākou kau ʻana e hilinaʻi ʻia i ka metric. papahana.

4) Ka hoʻokaʻawale mālie ʻana o nā mele mai kāna mau mele. ke alakaʻi nei nā palapala i ka manawa o cf. mau kenekulia a hiki i ka puka ʻana mai o kahi ʻano mele hou, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ka longitude, akā ka helu o nā syllables a me ke kau ʻana o nā koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole like me nā "mika" maʻamau, ua kapa ʻia nā mele o kahi ʻano hou he "rhythms". ʻO kēia hoʻololi waha waha, i hiki i kona hoʻomohala piha ʻana i kēia manawa (i ka wā i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā mele ma nā ʻōlelo ʻEulopa hou, i ka wā i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ke mele), i kekahi manawa a i kēia manawa (ʻoi loa e nā mea kākau Farani) ke kū'ē nei i ka metric ma ke ʻano he "rhythmic" (e ʻike. , no ka laʻana, Zh. Maruso, Dictionary of linguistic terms, M., 1960, p. 253).

ʻO nā kuʻekuʻe hope e alakaʻi i nā wehewehe i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma waena o nā philologists: M. - ka māhele ʻana o nā lōʻihi, rhythm - ka māhele ʻana o nā leo. Ua hoʻohana pū ʻia kēlā ʻano hoʻohālikelike i ke mele, akā mai ka manawa o M. Hauptmann lāua ʻo X. Riemann (ma Rūsia no ka manawa mua i loko o ka puke haʻawina o ke kumumanaʻo kula haʻahaʻa e GE Konyus, 1892), ua lanakila ka ʻike ʻē aʻe o kēia mau huaʻōlelo. ʻoi aku ka kūlike me ka rhythmic. Kūkulu wau i nā mele a me nā mele ma ke kahua o ko lākou noho kaʻawale. ʻOkoʻa nā mele "Rhythmic", e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, mai ka prosa ma kekahi ʻano mele. kauoha, ka mea i loaʻa ka inoa o ka nui a i ʻole M. (ua ʻike mua ʻia ka huaʻōlelo ma G. de Machaux, 14th century), ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e pili ana i ke ana o ka lōʻihi, akā i ka helu o nā syllables a i ʻole nā ​​​​koʻikoʻi - ʻōlelo maʻemaʻe. ka nui i loaʻa ʻole kahi lōʻihi kikoʻī . ʻAʻole ka hana a M. i ka nani. mele maʻamau e like me ia, akā i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kani a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i kona hopena naʻau. Ke lawe nei i kahi metric hana lawelawe. lilo nā papahana i ko lākou nani kūʻokoʻa. hoihoi a lilo i ʻilihune a ʻoi aku ka monotonous. I ka manawa like, i ka like ʻole me ka pauku metric a kūʻē i ke ʻano maoli o ka huaʻōlelo "versification", ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kahi paukū (laina) nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, b.ch. like ole, aka ua maheleia i mau mahele like. ʻO ka inoa "dolniki", pili i nā paukū me ka helu mau o nā koʻikoʻi a me nā helu like ʻole o nā syllables i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe: ma ka syllabic. kēlā me kēia syllable he "dule" i nā paukū, syllabo-tonic pauku, ma muli o ke kūpono alternation o stressed a me ka unstressed syllables, ua maheleia i identical syllabic pūʻulu - wawae, i mea e manaoia e like me ka helu ana i na hapa, a me ka ole e like me ka hua'ōlelo. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻāpana metric ma ka hana hou ʻana, ʻaʻole ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā waiwai kūlike. ʻAʻole ʻo Accent M., ʻokoʻa me ka quantitative, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokau i ka huikau o kēia mau manaʻo, akā i ko lākou kūʻē ʻana, a hiki i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o A. Bely: ʻo ka rhythm he deviation mai M. (ʻo ia hoʻi. pili me nā ʻano ʻano o ka syllabic-tonic system, kahi, ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, e haʻalele ka accentuation maoli mai ka metric). ʻO ka metric uniform he kuleana lua ka papahana ma ka paukū i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka rhythmic. ʻano like ʻole, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka puka ʻana mai o ke kenekulia 18. ka pauku manuahi, kahi i kaawale ʻole ai kēia kumumanaʻo a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa mai ka prosa aia wale nō ma ke kiʻi maʻemaʻe. mahele i nā laina, ʻaʻole i hilinaʻi i ka syntax a hana i kahi "hoʻokomo ma M.".

Ke hana nei kekahi ʻano hoʻololi like i ke mele. ʻO ke kani kāne kāne o nā kenekulia 11-13. (ʻo ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo modal), e like me ka mea kahiko, kū mai i kahi pili pili me ka poetry (troubadours and trouvers) a ua hana ʻia ma ka hana hou ʻana i kekahi kaʻina o nā lōʻihi (modus), e like me nā wāwae kahiko (ʻo ka mea maʻamau he 3 mau ʻano, i lawe ʻia ma aneʻi. ma ka notation hou: 1- th

, 2nd

a me ka 3

). Mai ke kenekulia 14, ua lilo ke kaʻina o nā lōʻihi i ke mele, e hoʻokaʻawale mālie ana mai ka poetry, a ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka polyphony e alakaʻi i ka puka ʻana mai o nā manawa liʻiliʻi loa, i lilo ai ka waiwai liʻiliʻi o ka semibrevis rhythmic mensural mua i "nota holoʻokoʻa. ”, e pili ana i kahi kokoke i nā memo ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole he lehulehu, akā he mea hoʻokaʻawale. ʻO ka "ana" o nā lōʻihi e pili ana i kēia memo, i kaha ʻia e nā paʻi lima (Latin mensura), a i ʻole "ana", ua puʻunaue ʻia e nā hahau o ka ikaika liʻiliʻi, a pēlā aku. i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 17 aia kahi ana hou, kahi o nā kuʻi, ʻokoʻa i nā ʻāpana 2 o ke ana kahiko, hiki ke palua ka nui o kekahi ma mua o kekahi, ua like, a hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 (ma ka hihia maʻamau - 4). ʻO ka hoʻololi maʻamau o nā kuʻi ikaika a nāwaliwali (kaumaha a māmā, kākoʻo a kākoʻo ʻole) i ke mele o kēia au e hana ai i kahi mika, a i ʻole mika, e like me ka mika pauku—he kuʻi puʻupuʻu maʻamau. ʻO ka hoʻopiha ʻana i kahi puʻupuʻu me nā ʻano lōʻihi o ka memo e hana i kahi rhythmic. kaha kiʻi, a i ʻole “rhythm” ma ke ʻano haiki.

ʻO kekahi ʻano mele mele ʻo ka tact, i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mele i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā ʻoihana pili. ʻO nā hemahema nui o nā manaʻo maʻamau e pili ana i ke mele. M. mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano moʻolelo ma ke ʻano he mele "ma ke ʻano". ʻO ka hoʻololi maʻamau o nā manawa kaumaha a me nā manawa māmā e pili ana i nā mele kahiko, medieval, folklore, etc. He mea paʻakikī kēia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana ʻaʻole wale i ke mele o nā wā kahiko a me nā muses. moʻolelo kuʻuna, akā ʻo ko lākou noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke mele o kēia au. Ma Rusia nar. mele pl. hoʻohana ka poʻe folklorist i ka barline e koho i nā kuʻi ikaika (ʻaʻole i laila), akā i nā palena ma waena o nā ʻōlelo; ʻike pinepine ʻia kēlā mau "folk beats" (PP Sokalsky's term) ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkini. prof. mele, ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano o nā mika maʻamau (e like me 11/4 e Rimsky-Korsakov), akā ma ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana ʻelua. tripartite, etc. cycles. ʻO kēia nā kumuhana o ka hopena o ka 1st fp. concerto a me Tchaikovsky's 2nd symphony, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai kahi barline ma ke ʻano he hoʻopaʻapaʻa ikaika e alakaʻi i kahi distortion piha o ka rhythmic. nā hale. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka notation bar i kahi mele ʻokoʻa. hui a ma nā hula he nui o West Slavic, Hungarian, Spanish, a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe (polonaise, mazurka, polka, bolero, habanera, etc.). Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau hulahula e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike - kahi kaʻina o nā lōʻihi (e ʻae ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i loko o kekahi mau palena), ʻaʻole pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā kihi he rhythmic. he kumu hoʻopiha i ke ana, akā ma ke ʻano he M. o ke ʻano quantitative. Ua like kēia ʻano me ka wāwae metric. hōʻano hou. I ka hula maʻemaʻe. Mele Hikina. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā ʻōlelo a nā kānaka ma mua o ka pauku (e ʻike iā Usul), akā mau ke kumukānāwai.

ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā melodic (nā lākiō accent) me ke kani (nā lākiō lōʻihi—Riemann), ʻaʻole i pili i ka puʻupuʻu quantitative, pono pū kekahi i nā hoʻololi i ka puʻupuʻu leo ​​o kēia au. ʻO ka lōʻihi ma nā mele leo ponoʻī e lilo i mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe, e hōʻike ana iā ia iho i nā agogics a me nā rhythmics. kiʻi, ua hoʻomaka ke aʻo ʻana e Riemann. ʻO ka manawa kūpono. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka accentuation ma muli o ka helu ʻana i nā kuʻi (kahi i hoʻololi i ke ana o ka manawa e like me M.), hiki i nā wā waena o nā haʻalulu, i lawe ʻia e like me ke ʻano like, hiki ke kikoo a emi i loko o nā palena ākea. ʻO ke ana e like me ka hui pū ʻana o nā koʻikoʻi, ʻokoʻa i ka ikaika, ʻaʻole ia e hilinaʻi i ka tempo a me kāna mau hoʻololi (wikiwiki, deceleration, fermat), i hōʻike ʻia ma nā memo a ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā palena o ke kūʻokoʻa. Pākuʻi formative. ka lōʻihi o ke kaha kiʻi ʻana, i ana ʻia e ka helu o nā māhele i kēlā me kēia metric. grid me ka nānā ʻole i kā lākou ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻO nā lōʻihi e pili ana i ka helu ʻana o ke koʻikoʻi: ma ke ʻano maʻamau, hāʻule nā ​​lōʻihi lōʻihi i nā kuʻi ikaika, nā mea liʻiliʻi i nā kuʻi nāwaliwali o ke ana, a ʻike ʻia nā haʻalele ʻana mai kēia kauoha he syncopations. ʻAʻohe mea maʻamau i ka quantitative rhythm; ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe, nā ʻōlelo hoʻohālikelike me kahi mea pōkole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ke ʻano

(iambic kahiko, ke ʻano ʻelua o ke mele kāne kāne),

(anapaest kahiko), etc. loa kona ano.

ʻO ka "metrical quality" i hāʻawi ʻia e Riemann i nā ratio accent iā lākou wale nō ma muli o ko lākou ʻano maʻamau. ʻAʻole hōʻike ka barline i kahi leo, akā ʻo ka wahi maʻamau o ka leo a pēlā ke ʻano o nā leo maoli, e hōʻike ana inā he maʻamau a hoʻololi paha lākou (syncopes). metric "pololei". hōʻike ʻia nā leo ma ka hana hou ʻana i ke ana. Akā ma waho aʻe o ka ʻike ʻole ʻana o ke kaulike o nā ana i ka manawa, ua loli pinepine ka nui. No laila, ma kā Scriabin poem op. 52 ʻAʻole l no 49 mau pōʻaiapuni o ia mau hoʻololi 42. I ke kenekulia 20. Hōʻike ʻia nā "paʻa manuahi", kahi ʻaʻohe pūlima manawa a hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​laina bar i ke mele i nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, maʻamau paha. hana hou ʻole. nā accents, ʻaʻole e nalowale ke ʻano o ka "rhythmic dissonances" (e nānā i nā hana nui a Beethoven me nā leo ma ka puʻupuʻu nāwaliwali i ka hopena o ka symphony 7, "crossed" ʻelua-beat rhythms i nā pahu ʻekolu-beat ma ka hapa mua o ka 1rd symphony a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). Ma na hawawa mai M. ma hl. i nā leo, i nā manawa he nui, mālama ʻia ia i ka hoʻokani pila, akā i kekahi manawa e lilo ia i ʻano o nā haʻalulu noʻonoʻo, ʻo ka pilina me ka mea e hāʻawi ai i ke kani maoli i kahi ʻano hoʻoneʻe.

Hiki ke kākoʻo ʻia ka "hoʻokani pila" e ka rhythmic inertia, akā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka "Manfred" o Schumann, kū kaʻawale ia mai kekahi pili i ka mea ma mua a ma hope.

Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma nā pahu manuahi:

SV Rakhmaninov. Romance "I ka pō i koʻu māla", op. 38 no 1.

ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ana ma ka notation mele e hōʻike i ka rhythmic. ka manao o ka mea kakau, a me na hoao ana o Riemann a me kona mau ukali e "hooponopono" i ka hooponopono ana o ka mea kakau e like me ka hoailona maoli, e hoike mai ana i ka maopopo ole o ke ano o ka M., he huikau o kekahi ana i haawiia me ka leo maoli.

ʻO kēia hoʻololi pū kekahi i alakaʻi (ʻaʻole me ka ʻole o ka mana o nā analogies me ka pauku) i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manaʻo o M. i ke ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo, nā manawa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. pololei i ka nele o nā ana. huaʻōlelo. Ma ka paukū, ʻo ka helu o nā koʻikoʻi e hoʻoholo ai i ka wahi o nā palena pauku, inconsistencies to-rykh me syntactic (enjambements) hana i loko o ka paukū "rhythmic. dissonances. Ma ke mele, kahi e hoʻoponopono ai ʻo M. i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana wale nō (nā wahi i koho mua ʻia no ka hopena o kahi manawa i kekahi mau hula, no ka laʻana, i ka polonaise, ʻo ia ka hoʻoilina o ka quantitative M.), ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia, akā hana ʻia kēia hana e. syncopations, hiki ʻole ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ma ka paukū (kahi ʻaʻohe mea hoʻokani pila, ʻoiaʻiʻo a noʻonoʻo paha, hiki ke kūʻē i ka accentuation o nā leo nui). ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mele a me nā mele. Hōʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo M. ma nā ʻano kākau o ka hōʻike ʻana iā lākou: i kekahi hihia, ka mahele ʻana i nā laina a me kā lākou mau pūʻulu (stanzas), e hōʻike ana i ke ana. hoʻomaha, ma ka ʻē aʻe - mahele i nā pōʻai, e hōʻike ana i ka metric. nā leo. ʻO ka pilina ma waena o nā mele mele a me ka hoʻokani pila ma muli o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o kahi manawa ikaika e like me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi metric. nā ʻāpana, no ka mea, he wahi maʻamau ia no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kuʻikahi, ke ʻano, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke ʻano o nā laina bar e like me nā palena "skeletal" a i ʻole "architectural" i waiho ʻia i mua (ma kahi ʻano hoʻonui) e Konus ma ke ʻano he counterweight i ka syntactic, " uhi 'ōlelo, i loaʻa ka inoa "metric" ma ke kula Riemann. ʻAe ʻo Catoire i kahi ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā palena o nā huaʻōlelo (syntactic) a me nā "kūkulu" e hoʻomaka ana i ka mana ikaika ("trocheus of the 2nd kind" i kāna mau huaʻōlelo). ʻO ka hui ʻana o nā ana i nā kūkulu ʻana e pili pinepine ana i ka "squareness" a me ka hoʻololi pololei ʻana o nā ana ikaika a nāwaliwali, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā kuʻi i kahi ana, akā ʻaʻole metric kēia ʻano (psychophysiologically conditioned). maʻamau, hiki ke kū'ē i nā muses. syntax e hoʻoholo i ka nui o nā kūkulu. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa ua hui pū ʻia nā ana liʻiliʻi i metric maoli. hoʻokahi - "nā pahu o kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe", e like me kaʻikeʻia e ka hiki ke syncope. nā leo ma nā ana nāwaliwali:

L. Beethoven Sonata no ka piano, op. 110, mahele II.

I kekahi manawa hōʻike pololei nā mea kākau i ka hui ʻana o nā kaola; i kēia hihia, ʻaʻole hiki i nā pūʻulu huinahā wale nō (ritmo di quattro battute) ke hiki, akā ʻekolu mau pā (ritmo di tre battute i ka symphony 9 a Beethoven, rythme ternaire ma Duke's The Sorcerer's Apprentice). E kiʻi i nā ana hakahaka i ka hopena o ka hana, e pau ana ma ke ana ikaika, ʻo ia hoʻi kekahi ʻāpana o nā koho o nā ana o kahi ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, ka mea pinepine i waena o nā Classics Viennese, akā loaʻa nō hoʻi ma hope (F. Liszt, "Mephisto Waltz. ” No1, PI Tchaikovsky, hope o ka 1st symphony) , a me ka helu ʻana o nā ana i loko o ka hui (Liszt, “Mephisto Waltz”), a hoʻomaka kā lākou helu helu me kahi ana ikaika, ʻaʻole me ka syntactic. palena. Nā ʻokoʻa kumu ma waena o nā mele mele. M. wehe i ka pilina pololei ma waena o lākou i loko o ka wok. mele o ke au hou. I ka manawa like, loaʻa iā lāua nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai ka quantitative M.: ke ʻano accent, ke kuleana koʻikoʻi a me ka hana dynamizing, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i hōʻike ʻia i ke mele, kahi i hoʻomau ʻia ka uaki M. (i kū i ka manawa like me ka "bass mau. ”, basso continuo) ʻaʻole ia e ʻokiʻoki , akā, ma ka mea ʻē aʻe, hana ia i nā "paʻa pālua" ʻaʻole e ʻae i nā mele e hāʻule i loko o nā kumu, nā ʻōlelo, etc.

E hoʻomaopopo ': ʻO Sokalsky PP, mele poʻe Lūkini, Lūkini Nui a me Lūkia Liʻiliʻi, i kona ʻano mele a me kona ʻokoʻa mai ke kumu o nā mele harmonic hou, Kharkov, 1888; Konyus G., Hoʻohui i ka hōʻiliʻili o nā hana, nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me nā nīnau (1001) no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻatikala mele haʻahaʻa, M., 1896; ka mea hookahi, M.-P., 1924; nona iho, Ka hoʻohewa ʻana i ka manaʻo kuʻuna ma ke kahua o ke ʻano mele, M., 1932; Yavorsky B., Structure of musical speech Materials and note, part 2, M., 1908; nona iho, The Basic Elements of Music, "Art", 1923, No l (aia he pa'i kaawale); Sabaneev L., Music of speech Aesthetic research, M., 1923; Rinagin A., Systematics of musical and theoretical knowledge, in the book. De musica Sat. Art., ed. I. Glebova, P., 1923; ʻO Mazel LA, Zukkerman VA, Ka nānā ʻana i nā hana mele. Nā mea o muchyka a me nā ʻano o ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi, M., 1967; Agarkov O., Ma ka lawa o ka ʻike ʻana i ka mika mele, ma Sat. Noi a me ʻEpekema, vol. 1, Moscow, 1970; Kholopova V., Nā nīnau o ke mele i ka hana a nā haku mele o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 1971, M., 1; Harlap M., Rhythm of Beethoven, ma ka puke. Beethoven Poaono. st., hoopuka. 1971, M., XNUMX. See kukui. ma Art. Nā ana.

MG Harlap