ʻaha mele |
ʻaha mele - lehulehu, hoʻokani mele i uku ʻia e like me ka papahana i hoʻolaha mua ʻia, e hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā mea hoʻokani pila i loko o kahi lumi i lako kūikawā. Apono ʻia i ke kenekulia 18. TO. e like me nā ʻano o ka nohona. ʻo ka hoʻokani pila ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o nā mauna. ʻoihana bourgeois-democratic. moʻomeheu. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka makemake o ka lehulehu i ka instr. mele, a hiki i kēlā manawa, hāʻawi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia. makemake i ka opera, alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi mea hou, ʻaha mele, i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e ka hale keaka. nā hana o ia mau makahiki - i ka wā hoʻomaha o nā keaka, a i kekahi manawa keaka. nā hana hoʻokani instr. virtuosos (ua ola ia mau hana a hiki i ka 80s. 19th century), a ma waena o nā hale pule pākahi. nā lawelawe, nā haʻi'ōlelo (ʻoi aku ka pinepine ma Zap. ʻEulopa). E paio ana me ke mele pili honua. moʻomeheu, hoʻohana ʻia e nā halepule mai ka kenekulia 17. me ka okana a me ka himeni skr. mele, e hana ana i ke ano o ka conc. i ka wa haipule. ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana. Violin ma ke ʻano he mea kani a me ka skr. Ua noho ka hui i kahi koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka Katolika. ka nui, ma muli o ia ma ka ʻōlelo Italia. Ua hoʻomohala kūikawā ʻia nā mele mea kani. ʻano hau a me ke ʻano, e hāʻawi ana i ke ʻano o ke kūlana (church. sonata, concerto grosso). I loko o ke kenekulia 17 a kokoke i ke kenekulia 18. no ka adjectives ola, aristocratic salons, laha i kela manawa academies, collegium musicum ua Ch. arr ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka mea i kapa ʻia he mele paʻa. TO. ua hoʻolālā ʻia e kaupalena ʻia. pōʻai o nā poʻe i kono ʻia. VC. ʻO ka poʻe hoʻokani pila ma ka lawelawe ʻana a kekahi a i ʻole kekahi poʻe hanohano o ka ʻoihana, i loaʻa pinepine i kā lākou mau mea kani ponoʻī. a me ka papa himeni. hale pule (hāʻawi ʻia i ka poʻe hoʻolohe me ka uku ʻole). ʻO ka haku mele i koho ʻia o ka lehulehu a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hale i hoʻoholo i ka ʻike o ia mau ʻaha mele, ka mea i lawe pinepine i ke ʻano o ke keʻena-ensemble mele. Me kēia, i ke kenekulia 18. aia kekahi ano o K. - nā hana hoʻokani pila a ka lehulehu, i hoʻolālā ʻia no kahi ākea, democratic. hoʻolohe. ʻO ka wehe mua i uku ʻia ʻo K. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma Lākana i ka makahiki 1672-78 e ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo J. Banister ma kona iho. home; ua hāʻawi ʻia i nā mea hoʻolohe ke kuleana e koho i kahi papahana. Ma 1678-1714 ka mea hoʻonohonoho kaulana ʻo K. ma Lākana ʻo T. Britton. I ka makahiki 1690-93 maanei K. i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e R. Hui mōʻī. me ia. ʻoihana opera I. MA Frank, i loko o kona conc. hale. I kēlā manawa, kākau inoa ʻo K. a me K. ma ke kau inoa. Ma 1765-82, kaulana nā kāleka kau inoa ma Lākana; A. TO. hui ʻo Bach. me K. F. Abela, kakau inoa K., osn. mea kakau I. AP Zolomon (no lākou Y. Ua kākau ʻo Haydn i kāna mea i kapa ʻia. Lākana Symphonies). Ma Farani, aia nā "Hāʻulu Manaʻo" (1725-91), osn. comp. F. A. Pilidora; i loko o ia mau mea, me nā mele hoʻomana, ua hoʻokani pū ʻia nā mea kani. ensembles, symphonies, solo op. Ma muli o kā lākou hiʻohiʻona, e like me K. hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma Leipzig, Vienna, Stockholm. Me ka lio. 18 i. ka mea i kapaia. academies – kuleana kope K., ke hana ka haku mele i kāna hana pono'ī. Honi. (AT. A. Mozart, L. Beethoven a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). Ma Rusia, ua mālama ʻia nā ʻaha mele mua i ka makahiki 40. 18 i. Petersburg, kahi i ka makahiki 70. loaʻa iā lākou me ka ʻōnaehana. ʻano (ma Moscow - i nā makahiki 80). Eia naʻe, ma hope wale nō o ka Farani Nui. I ka wā o ke kipi, ua ʻae ʻia ke ʻano o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni lehulehu, i uku ʻia, me kahi papahana i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia e pili ana i nā loli kaiapili i hana ʻia i loko o ke kaiāulu. Ke kūkulu ʻia nei kahi ʻano mea hoʻokani hou, ʻo ka "concert" virtuoso; ke hana ia nei ke ano o kana mau hana lehulehu, ka solo k.; ke ʻano o ka papahana i hana ʻia a puni ka k. soloist me ka piano accompaniment Eia naʻe, ma ka hapa mua. 19 i. ka papahana hui ʻia o K. soloist - virtuoso instrumentalist a mele paha, kahi i komo ai ka orchestra, etc. nā mea hoʻokani (ie. Mr. hui). Ua hoʻololi ʻia kēia ʻano mai ka hana ʻana o ka mea hoʻokani solo ma ka hale pule ma waena o nā ʻāpana o ka nui, oratorio, a i ʻole ma ka t-re, i ka wā o ka hoʻomaha ʻana o ka hale keaka. nā hōʻike, i kāna kūʻokoʻa K. — piano-violin-leader-abendum (German. piano-violin-mele-ahiahi). Ma hope o nā makahiki he 30. 19 i. ʻoiai ʻo N. Ua hoʻokani ʻo Paganini i ka hui. Ma nā makahiki 40 wale nō. F. ʻO Liszt ka mea mua i hāʻawi i kahi K. solo, me ke komo ʻole o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. nā mea hoʻokani. Hoʻonui mele. art-va and performing culture, the spread of K., the development of muses. ʻO nā pilina ma waena o nā ʻāina i kōkua i ka puka ʻana mai o nā mea hou, kapitalista. ʻano hui conc. ola. I ka makahiki 1880 ma Berlin G. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Wolf i ka conc mua. he keʻena i hoʻomaka e hoʻonohonoho i nā hana a nā mea pena kiʻi ma kekahi mau kūlana waiwai. ʻO kēia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka conc hou. "ʻoihana", i loaʻa i ka ulu nui loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kahi i loaʻa ai ka nui o ka conc. nā keʻena, impresario a me nā luna hoʻonohonoho K., huakaʻi ma waho. nā mea hana kiʻi. I ka makahiki 19 a puni TO. (symphonic, chamber, solo) e hoʻolaha nui ʻia, kahi i hana ʻia ai ka hana o Dec. ʻano hui mele i noho ma ʻEulopa nui. nā kikowaena moʻomeheu. Ma ka 19 in. Ua lanakila ka kaulana kaulana ma ka symphony mau. TO. Ka Hui o nā ʻaha mele o ka Paris Conservatoire (main. i ka makahiki 1828), K. Leipzig Gewandhaus, Vienna (main. i ka makahiki 1842) a me Berlin (main. i ka makahiki 1882) philharmonic. nā ʻaha mele, Lamoureux Concerts ma Paris (main. i ka makahiki 1881), ka London Promenade Concerts, etc.; i ke kenekulia 20 - K. Boston (main. i ka makahiki 1881) a me Philadelphia (main. i ka makahiki 1900) nā mea hoʻokani pila, ka BBC Orchestra (London), ka Paris Orchestra, etc. I ka hapa 2. 20 i. hoʻohana nui ʻia nā hōʻailona. a me nā ʻahamele keʻena i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o ke kahua o ka honua. ʻahaʻaina hau. Ua lilo ʻo Zaruba i mea maʻamau. nā huakaʻi o nā mea hoʻokani nui. hui (opera t-ditch, symphony. nā orkestra, nā hui keʻena, a pēlā aku). Ma nā ʻāina he nui ke kūkulu nei i nā hale ʻaha mele e hiki ke hoʻokipa i nā poʻe lehulehu. I ka pre-revolutionary Rūsia he mea nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o conc. ola a me ka hui symph. a me ka luna keʻena K. ua loaʻa iā St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society, ka Moscow Philharmonic Society, a oi aku ka Russian Musical Society, a me ia conc. nā hui e like me "Concerts S. A. Koussevitzky" (1909-1914), "Concerts na A.
Nā hoʻololi kumu ma conc. nā hana i hanaʻia ma ka USSR, kahi i hoʻonohonohoʻia ai ka hui a me ke alakaʻi o ka conc. aia ke ola i ka lima o ka mea pilikanaka. mokuʻāina-va. I loko o nā makahiki, ua ala mai nā ʻano ʻaha mele hou ma ke ʻano he hui ʻahamele, ʻo ka "Corporation of Artists - Soloists of the Bolshoi T-ra" ma Moscow, Leningrad. papa himeni. mauna olimpia. nā hana hoʻokani mele (ua mālama ʻia ka mea mua ma 1927, a hiki i 100000 mau mea hoʻokani i komo i kekahi). alakaʻi conc. ʻO ke ola ma ka USSR ua paʻa i ka moku'āina. nā hui ʻaha mele - Soyuzconcert, Rosconcert, Ukrconcert a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, repubalika, kūloko a me nā kūlanakauhale. philharmonics. Ma kāna hana, ʻo nā pueo conc. hoʻokumu ʻia nā hui ma nā loina hou. Hoʻomaka ka hana hoʻonaʻauao mele a me ka moʻomeheu. I ka. ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻaʻole wale ma conc. nā keʻena o nā kūlanakauhale nui, akā i nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi, i nā hui, nā hale o ka moʻomeheu a me nā hale hana o nā mea kanu a me nā hale hana, ma nā mahiʻai mokuʻāina, nā mahiʻai hui. Ke hana nei nā hui philharmonic i nā hana mele a me ka hoʻonaʻauao ma waena o ka poʻe hoʻolohe. Hoʻopuka ʻia nā papahana K. i kākau ʻia, paʻi ʻia nā brochures (e kōkua i ka mea hoʻolohe), me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. He mau hale haʻiʻōlelo mau ka Philharmonic. Loaʻa i nā hui philharmonic nā mea hoʻokani pila a me nā hui hoʻokani i lanakila i ka kaulana honua: ka State Symphony Orchestra o ka USSR, ka Moscow Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra, Moscow. Chamber Orchestra (hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1956), Symphony Orchestra o ka Leningrad Philharmonic, State Academic Russian Choir o ka USSR, Republican Russian Choir, String Quartet. Borodin (hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1945);
E hoʻomaopopo ': ʻO Albrecht E., ka nānā nui o nā hana a ka St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society, St. Petersburg, 1884; Ka Hui Mele Imperial Russian. lālā o Moscow. Halawai Symphony 1-500. Helu helu helu, M., 1899; 100 makahiki o ka St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society. 1802-1902, St. Petersburg, 1902 (me ka papa inoa o nā papahana no nā'ahamele symphonic); Ka pōʻai o nā mea aloha i nā mele Lūkini. X (1896-1906), M., 1906 (me ka papa inoa o nā papahana ʻaha mele); Findeizen NF, Essay e pili ana i nā hana a ka lālā o St. Petersburg o ka Imperial Russian Musical Society (1859-1909), St. Petersburg, 1909 (me ka appendix: nā papahana o nā symphony a me nā'ahamele lumi; nā mea hana); Nā ʻahamele o St. Petersburg na A. Siloti. Papahana ʻaha mele no nā kau he ʻumi (1903/1904-1912/1913), St. Petersburg, 1913; State Academic Philharmonic Society (Leningrad). He ʻumi makahiki o ke mele symphonic. 1917-1927, L., 1928 (me ka papa inoa o nā papahana); Leningrad Philharmonic. Nā ʻatikala. Hoʻomanaʻo. Mea Hana, (sb.), L., 1972; Moscow State Philharmonic, M., 1973; Elwart AAE, Histoire de la Société des concerts du Conservatoire imperial de musique, P., 1860; Deldever EME, Histoire des concerts populaires, P., 1864; Brenet M. (Babilljer M.), Les concerts en France sous l Ancien regime, P., 1900; Rierre C., Le concert spirituel 1725 a 1790, P., 1900; Bekker P., Das deutsche Musikleben, Stuttg. – V., 1916; Dandelot A., La Société des concerts du Conservatoire de 1828 a 1923, P., 1923; Meyer K., Das Konzert, ein Führer, Stuttg., 1925; Preussner E., Die bürgerliche Musikkultur, Hamb., 1935, “Kassel-Basel, 1954; Van der Wall W., Liepmann SM, Musik ma nā kula, NY, 1936; Maugé G., Concert, P., 1937; Gerhardt E., Recital, L., 1953; Bauer R., Das Konzert, B., 1955.
IM Yampolsky
