Eugene Ormandy |

Eugene Ormandy

ʻO ka alakaʻi alakaʻi ʻAmelika o Hungarian kumu. ʻO ka inoa o kēia alakaʻi i pili pū me ka mōʻaukala o kekahi o nā mele mele symphony maikaʻi loa ma ka honua - ʻo Philadelphia. No nā makahiki ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau makahiki, ʻo Ormandy ke poʻo o kēia hui, kahi hihia i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka hana o ka honua. Ma ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me kēia orkestra, ʻo ka mea nui, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke talena o kahi alakaʻi alakaʻi a ulu, ʻo ke kiʻi hoʻomohala ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ma waho o ka Philadelphians a hiki i kēia lā. Eia naʻe, kūpono ke hoʻomanaʻo ʻana ʻo Ormandy, e like me ka hapa nui o nā alakaʻi alakaʻi ʻAmelika o kāna hanauna, i hele mai mai ʻEulopa. Ua hānau ʻia a hānai ʻia ʻo ia ma Budapest; Ma ʻaneʻi, i ka makahiki ʻelima, ua komo ʻo ia i ka Royal Academy of Music a i ka makahiki ʻeiwa ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hāʻawi i nā ʻahamele ma ke ʻano he violinist, i ka manawa like me ke aʻo ʻana me Yene Hubai. Eia naʻe, ʻo Ormandy paha, ʻo ia paha ka alakaʻi alakaʻi nui i hoʻomaka i kāna hana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. E pili ana i ke ʻano o kēia, ʻōlelo ka mea alakaʻi iā ia iho:

"He mea hoʻokani pila maikaʻi wau a hāʻawi i nā ʻahamele he nui ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai ka Royal Academy ma Budapest (composition, counterpoint, piano). Ma Viena, ua lohe kekahi impresario ʻAmelika iaʻu a kono mai iaʻu i New York. ʻO Kekemapa 1921 kēia. Ua ʻike wale au ma hope ʻaʻole ʻo ia he impresario, akā ua lōʻihi loa - aia wau ma New York. Ua hoʻolohe mai nā luna nui a pau iaʻu, ua ʻae nā mea a pau he violinist maikaʻi loa wau, akā pono wau i ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me hoʻokahi ʻaha mele ma Carnegie Hall. ʻO kēia mau kālā a pau i loaʻa ʻole iaʻu, no laila ua komo wau i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Symphony Orchestra no ka console hope loa, kahi aʻu i noho ai no nā lā ʻelima. ʻElima lā ma hope mai, ʻakaʻaka mai ka hauʻoli iaʻu: ua hana lākou iaʻu i mea hoʻokani pila! ʻEwalu mahina i hala, a i kekahi lā, me ka ʻike ʻole o ke alakaʻi i ka hiki iaʻu ke alakaʻi, ua haʻi mai iaʻu ma o ke kiaʻi lā e alakaʻi au i ka ʻaha mele e hiki mai ana. A alakaʻi au, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka helu ʻole ... Ua hoʻokani mākou i ka Symphony ʻEhā a Tchaikovsky. Ua koho koke ʻia au i alakaʻi ʻehā. Pela i hoomaka ai ka'u hana alakai.

ʻO nā makahiki e hiki mai ana no Ormandy mau makahiki o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kahi kahua hou nona. Ua hele ʻo ia i nā ʻaha mele o ka New York Philharmonic Orchestra, kahi i kū ai ʻo Mengelberg, Toscanini, Furtwängler, Klemperer, Klaiber a me nā haku kaulana ʻē aʻe. I ka liʻiliʻi, ua piʻi ka mea hoʻokani pila i ke kūlana o ka alakaʻi lua o ka orchestra, a i ka makahiki 1926 ua lilo ʻo ia i alakaʻi no ka Radio Orchestra, a laila he hui haʻahaʻa. I ka makahiki 1931, ua kōkua ʻo Arturo Toscanini iā ​​ia e hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo: ʻAʻole hiki iā Arturo Toscanini ke hele mai ʻEulopa i nā ʻaha mele me ka Philadelphia Orchestra, a ma hope o ka ʻimi ʻole ʻana i kahi mea pani, ua lawe ka luna i ka pilikia o ke kono ʻana i ka ʻōpio Ormandy. Ua ʻoi aku ka leo ma mua o nā mea a pau i manaʻo ʻia, a ua hāʻawi koke ʻia ʻo ia i ke kūlana o ke alakaʻi alakaʻi nui ma Minneapolis. Ua hana ʻo Ormandy ma laila no ʻelima mau makahiki, lilo ʻo ia kekahi o nā alakaʻi kaulana loa o ka hanauna hou. A i ka makahiki 1936, i ka wā i haʻalele ai ʻo Stokowski i ka Philadelphia Orchestra, ʻaʻohe mea i kāhāhā i ka lilo ʻana o Ormandy i hope nona. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Rachmaninov lāua ʻo Kreisler iā ia no kēlā kūlana kuleana.

I loko o kāna mau makahiki hana me ka Philadelphia Orchestra, ua loaʻa iā Ormandy ka hanohano nui ma ka honua. Ua maʻalahi kēia e kāna mau huakaʻi nui ma nā ʻāina like ʻole, a me ka repertoire palena ʻole, a me ka maikaʻi o ka hui i alakaʻi ʻia e ia, a ʻo ka mea hope loa, nā pilina e hoʻopili ai i ke alakaʻi me nā mea mele koʻikoʻi o ko mākou manawa. Ua hoʻomau ʻo Ormandy i nā pilina pili aloha a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana me ka Rachmaninoff nui, nāna i hoʻokani pinepine me ia a me kāna orkestra. ʻO Ormandy ka mea hoʻokani mua o Rachmaninov's Third Symphony a me kāna Symphonic Dances, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia e ka mea kākau i ka Philadelphia Orchestra. Hoʻokani pinepine ʻo Ormandy me nā mea pena Soviet i kaʻahele i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā makahiki i hala iho nei - E. Gilels, S. Richter, D. Oistrakh, M. Rostropovich, L. Kogan a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki 1956, ua mākaʻikaʻi ʻo Ormandy i Moscow, Leningrad a me Kyiv, ma ke poʻo o ka Philadelphia Orchestra. Ma nā papahana ākea a me nā ʻano like ʻole, ua hōʻike piha ʻia ke akamai o ke alakaʻi. Ma ka wehewehe ʻana iā ia, ua kākau ʻo Ormandy's Soviet colleague L. Ginzburg: “He mea hoʻokani pila o ka naʻauao nui, mahalo ʻo Ormandy i kāna mau ʻoihana koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomanaʻo. ʻElima mau papahana nui a paʻakikī, me nā hana paʻakikī o kēia manawa, ua alakaʻi ʻo ia mai ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻike manuahi a kikoʻī o nā helu. I loko o nā lā he kanakolu o kona noho ʻana ma ka Soviet Union, ua mālama ʻo Ormandy i ʻumikūmālua mau ʻahamele - he laʻana o kahi ʻoihana kaohi ʻole… ʻO ke ʻano o kāna alakaʻi ʻana e like me ka ʻoihana; ʻAʻole ʻo ia e manaʻo i ka ʻaoʻao o waho, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hoʻohiwahiwa, ua hoʻopili ʻia kona manaʻo a pau e ka hui ʻana me ka orchestra a me ke mele āna e hoʻokani nei. ʻO ka mea e hoʻokipa ai ʻo ia ka lōʻihi o kāna papahana ma mua o kā mākou maʻa. Hoʻohui wiwo ʻole ka mea alakaʻi i nā hana o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā au: Beethoven a me Shostakovich, Haydn a me Prokofiev, Brahms a me Debussy, R. Strauss a me Beethoven…

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969