ʻO Oscar Fried |

Oskar Fried

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua kono ʻia ka mea haku mele ʻōpio ʻo Oskar Fried i Vienna e alakaʻi i kahi hana o kāna "Bacchic Song" i kahi ʻaha mele symphony. I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ala aʻe ma hope o ke kū o ke alakaʻi, akā ua ʻae ʻo ia. Ma Vienna, ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ua hui ʻo Fried me Gustav Mahler kaulana. Ma hope o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me Fried no kekahi mau minuke, ʻōlelo koke ʻo ia e hana ʻo ia i alakaʻi alakaʻi maikaʻi. A i ka nīnau kāhāhā o ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻōpio, ka mea a Mahler i ʻike ʻole ai ma ke kahua, ua hoʻohui ʻo ia: "Ua ʻike koke wau i koʻu poʻe."

ʻAʻole i kuhihewa ka mea hoʻokani pila. ʻO ka lā o ka hoʻomaka mua o Vienna i hōʻailona i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi ʻoihana alakaʻi akamai. Ua hele mai ʻo Oscar Fried i kēia lā, ua loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike nui o ke ola a me ke mele ma hope ona. I kona wā kamaliʻi, ua hoʻouna kona makuakāne iā ia i kahi kula hana pilikino no nā mea mele. Ua aʻo ʻia he ʻumikūmālua keiki kāne ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a ka mea nona nā mea kani like ʻole, a ma ke ala e hana ai lākou i nā hana haʻahaʻa a puni ka hale, hoʻokani ʻia i ka pō a pau ma nā pāʻina, ma nā hale pāʻani. I ka hopena, ua holo aku ke kanaka ʻōpio mai ka mea nona a ua auwana no ka manawa lōʻihi, e pāʻani ana i nā hui liʻiliʻi, a hiki i ka makahiki 1889 ua loaʻa iā ia kahi hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani kani ma ka Frankfurt am Main Symphony Orchestra. Ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ia i hui ai me ka haku mele kaulana ʻo E. Humperdinck, a ua ʻike ʻo ia i kāna kālena koʻikoʻi, hāʻawi ʻo ia iā ia i nā haʻawina. A laila hele hou - Dusseldorf, Munich, Tyrol, Paris, nā kūlanakauhale o Italia; Pōloli ʻo Fried, ʻo ka mahina e like me ka mea e pono ai, akā kākau paʻakikī i ke mele.

Mai ka makahiki 1898, ua noho 'o ia ma Berlin, a ua makemake 'o ia i ka hopena: Ua hana 'o Karl Muck i kāna "Bacchic Song" ma kekahi o na 'aha mele, i kaulana ai ka inoa o Frida. Hoʻokomo ʻia kāna mau mele i loko o ka repertoire o nā orchestras, a ma hope o kona hoʻomaka ʻana e alakaʻi, e ulu aʻe ka kaulana o ka mea hoʻokani pila. Aia i loko o ka makahiki mua o ke kenekulia 1901, ua hana ʻo ia ma nā kikowaena nui loa o ka honua, ʻo ia hoʻi no ka manawa mua ma ka huakaʻi ma Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kyiv; i ka makahiki 1907, ua lilo ʻo Fried i alakaʻi alakaʻi nui o ka Singing Union ma Berlin, kahi i kani maikaʻi ai nā mele mele a Liszt ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi, a laila ʻo ia ke alakaʻi nui o ka New Symphony Concertos a me ka Blütner Orchestra. I ka XNUMX, ua paʻi ʻia ka monograph mua e pili ana iā O. Fried ma Kelemania, i kākau ʻia e ka mea mele kaulana ʻo P. Becker.

I kēlā mau makahiki, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kiʻi kiʻi o Fried. Ua hui pū ʻia ka monumentality a me ka hohonu o kāna mau manaʻo hana me ka hoʻoikaika a me ka makemake i ka wehewehe ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻomaka heroic ua kokoke loa iā ia; Ua hoʻouna ʻia nā mana kanaka ikaika o nā hana nui o ka symphonism kahiko - mai Mozart a Mahler - iā lākou me ka mana ʻole. Me kēia, ʻo Fried he mea hoʻolaha ikaika a luhi ʻole i ka mea hou: nui nā hana mua o nā hana a Busoni, Schoenberg, Stravinsky, Sibelius, F. Dilius i pili me kona inoa; ʻo ia ka mea mua i hoʻolauna i nā mea hoʻolohe ma nā ʻāina he nui i kekahi mau hana a Mahler, R. Strauss, Scriabin, Debussy, Ravel.

Ua kipa pinepine ʻo Fried iā Rūsia i nā makahiki ma mua o ke kipi, a i ka makahiki 1922 ʻo ia, ka mea mua o nā mea hoʻokani pila kaulana o ke ao nei, ua hoʻoholo e hele i ka huakaʻi i ka ʻāina ʻōpio Soviet, i ʻeha ʻia e ke kaua kīwila. ʻO kahi hana wiwo ʻole a hanohano i lawe ʻia e kahi mea pena kiʻi i pili mau i nā manaʻo paʻa kiʻekiʻe. Ma kēlā kipa ʻana, ua hoʻokipa ʻia ʻo Fried e VI Lenin, nāna i kamaʻilio pū me ia no ka manawa lōʻihi "e pili ana i nā hana a ke aupuni limahana ma ke kahua mele." ʻO ka haʻiʻōlelo hoʻolauna i nā ʻaha mele a Frid i hāʻawi ʻia e ka People's Commissar of Education AV Lunacharsky, nāna i kapa iā Frid "he mea hana kiʻi aloha iā mākou" a loiloi i kona hōʻea ʻana ma ke ʻano he "hōʻike o ka hoʻomaka hou ʻana o ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o nā poʻe i ke kula kiʻi. ” ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hahai koke ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona o Fried e nā haku nui ʻē aʻe.

I nā makahiki ma hope mai, hele kaʻapuni i ka honua holoʻokoʻa - mai Buenos Aires a Ierusalema, mai Stockholm a New York - hele mai ʻo Oscar Fried i ka USSR kokoke i kēlā me kēia makahiki, kahi i hauʻoli nui ai ʻo ia. A i ka makahiki 1933, ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o nā Nazis i ka mana, ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e haʻalele iā Kelemania, ua koho ʻo ia i ka Soviet Union. ʻO nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola ʻana, ʻo Fried ke alakaʻi nui o ka All-Union Radio Symphony Orchestra, i mākaʻikaʻi ʻia ma ka ʻāina Soviet, a ua lilo ʻo ia i hale lua.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaua, ma waena o nā hōʻike o nā lā weliweli mua o ke kaua, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi obituary ma ka nūpepa Sovetskoe Iskusstvo, e haʻi ana "ma hope o kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi lōʻihi, ua make ke alakaʻi kaulana ʻo Oscar Fried ma Moscow." A hiki i ka hopena o kona ola, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i haʻalele i nā hana noʻonoʻo a me ka pilikanaka. Ma ka ʻatikala "The Horrors of Fascism", i kākau ʻia e ka mea pena ma mua koke o kona make ʻana, aia nā laina penei: "Me nā kānaka holomua a pau, ua manaʻo nui wau e luku ʻia ka fascism i kēia kaua hoʻoholo."

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek