Pūnaehana leo hapahā |

Pūnaehana Quarter-tone, mele quarter-tone

Kelemānia Vierteltonmusik, Pelekania. mele hapaha, mele Palani en quarts de ton, ital. musica a quarti di tono

ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o microchromatics, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana kani (interval), ʻo ia ka nui o nā leo i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā leo hapahā. Octave i Ch. he 24 mau ʻanuʻu kani (e like me ka wehewehe ʻana e MV Matyushin, "The system of double chromatism"). I kiko'ī. Ch. s nā manawa, ma ka hoʻohui i nā hapaha-tone maʻalahi, e hoʻokomo i nā derivative (composite) micro-intervals - 3/4 tones, 5/4 tones, 7/4 tones, etc. I ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā microtones o Ch. hoʻohana ʻia nā huaʻōlelo kūikawā (e nānā i ka papa).

Aia kekahi mau kī kūikawā:

("ki kiʻekiʻe") - ka hana o kekahi o nā ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana 1/4 leo kiʻekiʻe,

("ki haʻahaʻa") - 1/4 leo haʻahaʻa. ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau o ka wehewehe ʻana o ka chis ʻo ia: melismatic (microtones ma ke ʻano he melodic decor, hīmeni o nā kumu nui), stepped (microtones ma ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa a me nā ʻanuʻu like o ka ʻōnaehana), sonoristic (microtones ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o nā paʻina leo timbre i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi kūʻokoʻa; e nānā i ka Sonorism).

Elements Ch. i hoʻokumu mua ʻia i mele. hoʻomaʻamaʻa a ua ʻike ʻia i ka wā kahiko ma ke ʻano he microintervals enharmonic. genus (e nānā i ka Enarmonics). Ua unuhi ʻia nā leo hapahā ma ke mele mele. melismatically. (No ka laʻana o ka Helene kahiko "enbrmona", e nānā i ka ʻatikala Melodiya) Intervals Ch. hoʻohana ʻia i nā mele kuʻuna o kekahi helu o ka Hikina. kanaka (Arabs, Turks, Iranians).

I ka Middle Ages, nā mea o Ch. ʻike ʻia i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano he leo o ka mea kahiko. enarmonics. Ke hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻololi i nā frets Helene (a me nā genera) i kēia manawa. lawe ʻia ka hana e kekahi poʻe mele o nā kenekulia 16-17. i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā leo hapahā (ma ka wehewehe melismatic, e ʻike i ka papaʻaina, a me ka stepped one, e ʻike i ka laʻana ma ke kolamu 524). Ua hōʻailona ʻia ʻo Eve o ke kenekulia 20 e kahi nalu hou o ka hoihoi ma Ch. a i nā microchromatics ma ke ʻano laulā (ma waena o nā mea mua nā hoʻokolohua o AJ Gruss). I ka makahiki 1892 he puke na GA Behrens-Zenegalden e pili ana iā Ch. (ua unuhi mua ʻia ma ke ʻano hou loa, he ʻōnaehana 24-step), kahi i manaʻo ʻia ai kahi mea kani like ("achromatisches Klavier"), i ka makahiki 1898, ua haku ʻo J. Fulds i kahi quartet string quarter-tone. I ka makahiki 1900-1910. ia Ch. Hoʻohana ʻia nā haku mele ʻo R. Stein, W. Möllendorff, IA Vyshnegradsky, C. Ives, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He mea haku mele Czech a he mea manaʻo ʻo A. Khaba. I ka manawa like, nā hana mua e pili ana iā Ch. ma Rusia (MV Matyushin, AS Lurie). I ka makahiki 20. 20th kenekulia Ch. s. nā pueo i aʻo ʻia a akamai hoʻi. nā haku mele a me nā mea manaʻo (nā mele na GM Rimsky-Korsakov, AA Kenel, NA Malakhovskii; nā hana manaʻo a GM Rimsky-Korsakov, VM Belyaev, AM Avraamov a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.). Hoʻohana like ʻole Ch. loaʻa ma hope o ka 2nd World War 1939-45: i ke ʻano o ka wā hou. chromatic tonality (12 semitones he ʻano "diatonic" e pili ana i ka hapahā-tones), ma ka mea i kapa ʻia. noa atonality, e pili ana i ka seriality, oi loa aku i ka sonoristic interpretation o Ch. ʻO P. Boulez, M. Kagel, S. Bussotti, A. Zimmerman, a me kekahi mau mea haku mele Soviet i haʻi aku iā ia. Laʻana Ch. (ka leo kani o nā mea kani me ka hopena o ka ʻūhā mālie):

EV Denisov. Trio no ka violin, cello a me ka pianoforte, ka neʻe mua, ka pahu 1-28.

E hoʻomaopopo ': Matyushin MV, Alakaʻi i ke aʻo ʻana i nā leo hapahā no ka violin, …, 1915; Lurie A., I ke mele o ka chromatism kiʻekiʻe, ma Sat.: "Sagittarius", P., 1915; Belyaev VM, mele Quarter-tone, "The Life of Art", 1925, No 18; ʻO Rimsky-Korsakov GM, ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana mele hapaha-tone, "De musica", Sat. 1, L., 1925; Kapelyush BN, Nā waihona o MV Matyushin a me EG Guro, ma ka puke: Yearbook of the Manuscript Department of the Pushkin House for 1974, L., 1976; Vicentino N., L antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica, Roma, 1555, facsimile. ed., Kassel, 1959; Behrens-Senegalden GA, Die Vierteltöne in der Musik, B., 1892; Wellek A., Viertelton a me Fortschritt, "NZfM", 1925, Jahrg. 92; Wyschnegradsky I., mele Quarteronal…, “Pro Musica Quarterly”, 1927; nona iho, Manuel d harmonie a quarts de ton, P., (1932); Haba A., Flügel a me Klavier der Vierteltonmusik, "Die Musik", 1928, Jahrg. 21, H. 3; kona, Mein Weg zur Viertel- und Sechstelton-Musik, Düsseldorf, 1971; Schneider S., Mikrotöne in der Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts, Bonn, 1975; Gojowy D., Neue sowjetische Musik der 20-en Jahre, (Laaber), 1980; Ludvová J., Anton Joseph Gruss (1816-1893) a jeho ctvrttуny, “Hudebnin veda”, 1980, No 2.

ʻO Yu. N. Kholopov