Quartet |

ital. quartetto, mai ka lat. quartus - hā; French quatuor, Kelemānia. Quartet, haole. quartet

1) He hui o 4 mea hoʻokani (mea kani a leo paha). Instr. K. hiki ke homogeneous (kakaka kaula, woodwind, keleawe mea kani) a huikau. ʻO ka mea kani k., ʻo ke kaula k. (ʻelua violins, viola, a me cello). I ka manawa pinepine aia kekahi hui o fp. a me 3 kaula. nā mea kani (violin, viola a me cello); ua kapaia fp. K. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka haku mele ʻana o K. no nā mea kani makani (no ka laʻana, flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon or flute, clarinet, horn and bassoon, a me 4 mea kani o ke ʻano like - horns, bassoons, etc.) . Ma waena o nā haku mele, ma waho aʻe o nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo K. no ka ʻuhane ka mea maʻamau. a me nā kaula. nā mea kani (flute or oboe, violin, viola and cello). Wok. Hiki iā K. ke wahine, kāne, hui pū ʻia (soprano, alto, tenor, bass).

2) Mele. prod. no 4 mea kani a i ʻole leo hīmeni. Ma waena o nā ʻano o ke keʻena instr. ʻO nā hui e hoʻomaluʻia e ke kaula K., to-ry ma ka papaheleʻelua. Ua hele mai ke kenekulia 2 e pani i ka sonata trio mua. ʻano like ʻole o nā kaula. K. entails ka individualization o na aoao, ka laha o ka polyphony, melodic. maʻiʻo o kēlā me kēia leo. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe o ka kākau quartet i hāʻawi ʻia e ka poʻe Viennese classics (J. Haydn, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven); he kaula ko lakou. Lawe ʻo K. i ke ʻano o ka pōʻai sonata. Hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia ʻano i nā manawa ma hope. Mai nā haku mele o ka wā mele. ʻo ka romanticism he mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ʻano o nā kaula. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ʻo K. e F. Schubert. Ma ka papahele ʻelua. Ke kenekulia 18 a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 2. i stringed k., ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kumu leitmotif a me ka monothematism; , E. Grieg, K. Debussy, M. Ravel). ʻO ka psychologism hohonu a me ka maʻalahi, ka manaʻo ikaika, i kekahi manawa pōʻino a me ka grotesque, a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea hiki ke hōʻike hou i nā mea kani a me kā lākou hui ʻana e ʻike i nā mea kani maikaʻi loa o ke kenekulia 19. (B. Bartok, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, DD Shostakovich).

ʻAno fp. Ua hauʻoli ʻo K. i ka mea kaulana loa ma ka papa mele. wā (WA Mozart); i ka manawa ma hope, huli pinepine nā haku mele i kēia haku mele (R. Schumann, SI Taneev).

ʻano wok. He mea ma'amau 'o K. ma ka papahele 2. 18-19 mau kenekulia; me ka wok. K. o ka haku mele 'ana i hana 'ia a me ka homogeneous K. - no ke kane. nā leo (M. Haydn i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke kupuna) a no nā wahine. leo (he nui o ia mau K. no I. Brahms). Ma waena o nā mea kākau wok. K. – J. Haydn, F. Schubert. ʻO K. a ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkini. mele. Ma ke 'ano o ka wok haku mele nui. K. (a me ka cappella a me ka hookani pila) aia ma ka opera, oratorio, mass, requiem (G. Verdi, K. mai ka opera Rigoletto, Offertorio mai kona Requiem iho).

GL Golovinsky