Poai hapaha-lima o na ki

ʻO ka pōʻai hapahā-lima o nā kī a i ʻole ka pōʻai o ka hapalima wale nō kahi papahana no ka hoʻopaʻanaʻau maʻalahi a me ka wikiwiki o nā kī āpau a me nā hōʻailona kī i loko o ia mau mea.

Aia ma luna o ka pōʻai o ka hapalima ke kī o C major; ʻo ka clockwise - nā kī ʻoi, aia nā tonics i nā hapalima maikaʻi loa mai ka tonic o ka C major mua; counterclockwise - he pōʻai o nā kī pālahalaha, aia nō hoʻi i loko o nā hapalima maʻemaʻe, akā i lalo wale nō.

I ka manawa like, i ka neʻe ʻana a puni ka pōʻai o ka lima o ka manawa me kēlā me kēia kī hou, piʻi mālie ka helu o nā ʻoi (mai hoʻokahi a ʻehiku), ʻoiai e neʻe ana i ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao, kēlā me kēia, mai kekahi kī a i kekahi, piʻi ka helu o nā palahalaha. mai hoʻokahi a ʻehiku).

ʻEhia mau kī i loko o ke mele?

Ma ke mele, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kī he 30, ʻo ia ka hapa nui a ʻo ka hapa liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā kī nui a me nā kī liʻiliʻi e hana i nā pālua e like me ke kumumanaʻo o ka coincidence i loko o lākou o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻololi - nā koi a me nā pālahalaha. Ua kapa ʻia nā kī me nā hōʻailona like. No laila, i ka huina, he 15 mau kī like.

ʻO nā kī he 30, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona ʻelua - ʻo ia ka C nui a me ka liʻiliʻi. He 14 mau kī koʻikoʻi (mai hoʻokahi a ʻehiku ma ke ʻano o ka ʻoi FA DO SOL RELA MI SI), o kēia mau kī he 14, ʻehiku mau kī nui, a ʻehiku mau kī liʻiliʻi. ʻO kekahi 14 mau kī he mau papa (e like me, mai hoʻokahi a ʻehiku, akā aia wale nō ma ke ʻano o nā papa C MI LA RE SOL DO FA), ʻo ia hoʻi ʻehiku nui a ʻehiku mau mea liʻiliʻi.

Hiki ke hoʻoiho ʻia kahi papa o nā kī āpau i hoʻohana ʻia e ka poʻe mele i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, me kā lākou mau hōʻailona, ​​HERE, paʻi ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he palapala hoʻopunipuni.

Wehewehe: Pehea e hana ʻia ai ka pōʻai o ka hapalima?

ʻO ka lima o kēia papahana ka mea nui loa. No ke aha he hapalima maʻemaʻe? No ka mea, ʻo ka lima ma ke kino (acoustically) ke ala kūlohelohe loa e neʻe ai mai kahi kani a i kekahi, a ua hānau ʻia kēia wā maʻalahi ma ke ʻano ponoʻī.

No laila, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kī ʻoi ma ka hapalima maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka lima mua i kūkuluʻia mai ka memo "i",ʻo ia hoʻi, mai ka tonic o C major, kahi kī maʻemaʻe me kaʻole o nā hōʻailona. ʻO ka lima mai ka "hana" ʻo "do-sol". ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka memo "G" e lilo i tonic o ke kī e hiki mai ana i ka pōʻai o ka hapalima, ʻo ia ke kī o G nui a loaʻa iā ia hoʻokahi hōʻailona - F-sharp.

Ke kūkulu nei mākou i ka ʻelima aʻe mai ka leo "sol" - "sol-re", ʻo ka hopena o ke kani "re" ʻo ia ka tonic o ka tonality aʻe o ka pōʻai ʻelima - ka tonic o ka nui D nui, aia ʻelua. hōʻailona - ʻelua ʻoi (fa a me ka hana). Me kēlā me kēia kūkulu lima, e loaʻa iā mākou nā kī ʻoi hou, a e piʻi aʻe ka nui o nā ʻoi a hiki i ka ʻehiku (a hiki i ka piʻi ʻana o nā ʻanuʻu a pau).

No laila, inā mākou e kūkulu i ka hapalima, e hoʻomaka ana mai "i", a laila loaʻa iā mākou ke ʻano o nā kī: G nui (1 koi), D nui (2 koi), A nui (3 koi), E nui (4 koi), B nui (5 koi), F koi nui (6 koi), C koi nui (7 koi) . Ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā tonic i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano ākea a pono e hoʻomaka kekahi e hoʻopaʻa iā ia ma ka clef bass a hoʻopau iā ia i ka clef treble.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻoi: FA, DO, SOL, RE, LA, MI, SI. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻoi mai kekahi i kekahi e ka wā o ka hapalima kūpono. Pili kēia i kēia. Hōʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia koi hou ma ka pae ʻehiku o ka pālākiō, ua kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia ma ka ʻatikala "Pehea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i nā hōʻailona ma nā kī". Pēlā nō, inā e neʻe mau ana nā tonika o nā kī hou e ka hapalima maikaʻi loa, a laila e neʻe pū ana ko lākou ʻehiku ʻanuʻu mai kekahi i kekahi me ka hapalima kūpono.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kī nui palahalaha ma nā hapalima maʻemaʻe ma lalo mai a”. Pēlā nō, me kēlā me kēia kī hou aia ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā palahalaha ma ka pālākiō. ʻO ka laulā o nā kī palahalaha penei: F nui (hoʻokahi palahalaha), B papa nui (2 papa), E papa nui (3 papa), A papa nui (4 papa), D papa nui (5 papa), G papa nui (6 papa) a me C-flat nui (7 papa).

ʻO ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana o nā palahalaha: SI, MI, LA, RE, SALT, DO, FA. Hoʻohui ʻia nā palahalaha, e like me nā koi, i ka hapalima, i lalo wale nō. Eia kekahi, ua like ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā papa me ke ʻano o nā kī o ka lālā palahalaha o ka pōʻai o nā hāhā, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka B-flat major.

ʻAe, i kēia manawa, i ka hopena, e hōʻike mākou i ka pōʻai holoʻokoʻa o nā kī, kahi, no ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana, e hoʻohui pū mākou i nā keiki liʻiliʻi no nā mea nui.

Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka pōʻai o ka hapalima he pōʻai, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka spiral, no ka mea i kekahi manawa. hui kekahi mau tonality ma muli o ka like ole o ka pitch. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i pani ʻia ka pōʻai o ka ʻelima, hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia me nā kī hou, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī me nā pōʻino pālua - ʻelua ʻoi a me nā papa pālua (ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēlā mau kī i ke mele). E kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā tonalities i kahi kaʻawale, akā ma hope iki.

No hea mai ka inoa "quarto-quint circle"?

I kēia manawa, ua noʻonoʻo mākou i ka neʻe ʻana i loko o ka pōʻai i ka hapalima wale nō a ʻaʻole i haʻi i ka hapahā. No laila, no ke aha lākou ma ʻaneʻi? No ke aha i kani like ai ka inoa piha o ka papahana i ka "poʻai quarto-quint"?

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hā ka hoʻohuli ʻana o ka wā o ka lima. A hiki ke loaʻa ke ʻano like o nā tonalities o ka pōʻai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e neʻe i ka hapalima, akā i ka hapahā.

No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kī ʻoi ma nā hapalima maikaʻi loa i luna, akā ma nā hapahā maʻemaʻe i lalo. Loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lālani like:

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kī palahalaha ma nā hapalima maʻemaʻe ma lalo, akā ma nā hapahā maʻemaʻe i luna. A e like hou ka hopena:

Nā kī like Enharmonic

ʻO ka Enharmonism i ke mele ka hui like ʻana o nā mea i ke kani, akā ʻokoʻa ko lākou inoa, ka spelling a i ʻole ka inoa. Hiki i nā mea like Enharmonic ke maʻalahi: no ka laʻana, C-sharp a me D-flat. ʻO ka Anharmonicity kekahi hiʻohiʻona o nā waena a i ʻole nā ​​chord. Ma kēia hihia, e hana mākou me nā kī like enharmonic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo nā unahi unahi o kēia mau kī e like pū me ke kani.

E like me kā mākou i ʻike mua ai, penei ʻike ʻia ke kani ʻana i ke kani ma ka hui ʻana o nā lālā ʻoi a palahalaha o ka pōʻai o ka hapalima. ʻO kēia nā kī me ka nui o nā huaʻōlelo - me ʻelima, ʻeono a ʻehiku paha koi a i ʻole nā ​​​​palapala.

ʻO nā kī ma lalo nei he enharmonic like:

• B nui (5 koi) a me C papa nui (7 papa)
• Kūlike me ka inoa ʻo G-sharp minor (5 sharps) a me A-flat minor (7 flats);
• F-sharp major (6 sharps) a me G-flat major (6 flats);
• E like me lākou, D-sharp minor a me E-flat minor me ka helu like o nā hōʻailona;
• C-sharp major (7 sharps) a me D-flat major (5 flats);
• ʻO ke ʻano like me kēia mau hale ʻo A-sharp minor (he 7 sharps) a me B-flat minor (5 papa).

Pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka pōʻai ʻelima o nā kī?

ʻO ka mua, ka hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pōʻai o ka hapalima ma ke ʻano he palapala hoʻopunipuni kūpono no ke aʻo ʻana i nā kī āpau a me kā lākou mau hōʻailona.

ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka ma ka pōʻai o nā ʻelima, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻoholo maʻalahi i ka ʻokoʻa o nā hōʻailona ma waena o nā kī ʻelua. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, e helu wale i nā ʻāpana mai ke kī kumu i ka mea a mākou e hoʻohālikelike nei.

No ka laʻana, ma waena o G nui a me E nui, ʻekolu ʻāpana ka ʻokoʻa, a no laila, ʻekolu mau wahi decimal. Ma waena o C nui a me A-flat nui he ʻokoʻa o 4 papa.

Hōʻike maopopo ʻia ka ʻokoʻa o nā hōʻailona e ka pōʻai o nā hapalima, i māhele ʻia i nā ʻāpana. I mea e paʻa ai ke kiʻi o ka pōʻai, hiki ke kākau ʻia nā kī i loko o ia mea me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi leka:

'O ka hope, nā akolu i loko o ka pōʻai o ka hapalima, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokumu koke i nā "pili pili" o kekahi a i ʻole kekahi kī, ʻo ia hoʻi. e hoʻoholo i nā tonalities o ka degere mua o ka pilina. lakou aia ma ka māhele like me ke kī kumu (parallel) a pili i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao.

No ka laʻana, no G major, E minor (ma ka ʻāpana like), a me C major a me A minor (ʻāpana pili ma ka hema), D major a me B minor (ʻāpana pili ma ka ʻākau) e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā kī pili. .

E hoʻi mākou i kahi noiʻi kikoʻī o nā kī pili i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a laila e aʻo mākou i nā ala āpau a me nā mea huna o kā lākou ʻimi.

He wahi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka pōʻai o ka ʻelima

ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike pono i ka wā a me ka mea i haku ʻia ka pōʻai o ka hapalima. Akā aia nā wehewehe mua o kahi ʻōnaehana like i loko o ka manuscript o ka 1679 mamao - ma ka hana "Music Grammar" na Nikolai Diletsky. Ua manaʻo ʻia kāna puke e aʻo i ka poʻe hīmeni o ka hale pule. Kapaʻo ia i ka pōʻai o nā unahi nui i ka "huila o nā mele hauʻoli", a me ka pōʻai o nā unahi liʻiliʻi - ka huila o "mele kaumaha". Musikia - ua unuhiʻia kēia hua'ōlelo "mele" mai Slavic.

I kēia manawa, ʻoiaʻiʻo, makemake nui kēia hana ma ke ʻano he monument mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō hou ka kuʻikahi theoretical i nā koi o ka wā hou. Eia naʻe, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia mai ia manawa, ua paʻa ka pōʻai o ka hapalima i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa aʻo ʻana a ua komo kokoke i nā puke aʻoaʻo Lūkini kaulana a pau e pili ana i ke kumumanaʻo mele.

E na makamaka! Inā ʻaʻole i pau nā nīnau e pili ana i ke kumuhana o ka pōʻai o ka hapalima, a laila e ʻoluʻolu e kākau iā lākou ma nā ʻōlelo i kēia ʻatikala. I ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, kono mākou iā ʻoe e hoʻolohe i kekahi mele maikaʻi. E waiho i keia la ʻO ke aloha kaulana e Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka "The Lark" (nā pauku a ka poet Nikolai Kukolnik). Mea mele – Victoria Ivanova.