Стнислав Монюшко (Stanisław Moniuszko) |

ʻO Stanisław Moniuszko

ʻO ka haku mele Polani koʻikoʻi ʻo S. Moniuszko ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka mele mele mele kahiko a me ke keʻena. Ua komo kāna hana i nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā mele mele o nā Poles, Ukrainians a me Belarusians. Mai kona wā kamaliʻi, ua loaʻa iā Moniuszko ka manawa e kamaʻāina ai i ka moʻolelo o nā poʻe Slavic. Ua makemake kona mau mākua i ka hana noʻeau, loaʻa iā lākou nā kālena noʻeau like ʻole. Ua aʻo kona makuahine i ke mele mele, ʻo kona makuakāne he mea hoʻokani pila. Hoʻokani pinepineʻia nā hana home, aʻo ke aloha o Stanislav i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, i ala mai ka wā kamaliʻi, ua hala i kona ola a pau.

I ka makahiki 8, hele ʻo Moniuszko i Warsaw - hoʻomaka nā makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana. Lawe ʻo ia i nā haʻawina mai ka mea hoʻokani pila a me ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻo A. Freyer. I ka makahiki 1830, neʻe ʻo Stanislav i Minsk, kahi i komo ai ʻo ia i ka hale haʻuki a aʻo i ka haku mele me D. Stefanovich, a ma lalo o kāna mana i hoʻoholo hope ai e koho i ke mele i kāna ʻoihana.

Ua hoʻopau ʻo Moniuszko i kāna hoʻonaʻauao mele ma Berlin, ma ka Singing Academy (1837-40). Ua haku 'o ia i ka hana me ka papa himeni a me ka orchestra, loa'a i ke ki'i piha loa o ka mo'omeheu mele (ma mua o ka operatic) o 'Eulopa. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, ua ʻike ʻia nā hana kūʻokoʻa mua: he mass, 2 string quartets, ʻEkolu mele ma st. A. Mickiewicz, mele no ka hana. I ka makahiki 1840-58. Noho ʻo Moniuszko ma Vilna (Vilnius). Ma ʻaneʻi, mamao loa mai nā kikowaena mele nui, hōʻike ʻia kāna talena versatile. Hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokalakupua o ka Ekalesia ʻo St. Aia ma waena o kāna mau haumāna ka haku mele Lūkini ʻo C. Cui, kekahi o nā mea komo i ka Mighty Handful. ʻOiai nā pilikia kālā nui, ua hana pū ʻo Moniuszko me ia me ka manuahi. Ua ʻike mua ʻia ke ʻano o ka mea haku mele ma nā ʻano mele a me ke aloha. I ka makahiki 1841 ua paʻi ʻia ka Buke Himeni mua a Moniuszko (he 12 ka nui). ʻO nā mele i haku ʻia ma Vilna i hoʻomākaukau nui i ke ʻano o kāna mau keaka e hiki mai ana.

ʻO ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa o Moniuszko ka opera Pebble. He moʻolelo pōʻino kēia e pili ana i kahi kaikamahine mahiʻai ʻōpio, i hoʻopunipuni ʻia e kekahi keonimana hanohano. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka pumehana o ka mele, ka waiwai melodic i mea kaulana a aloha ʻia e nā Poles. Ua hoʻokani ʻia ʻo "Pebble" ma Vilna i ka makahiki 1848. ʻO kona kūleʻa i lawe koke ʻia i kaulana i ka mea hoʻokani piano panalāʻau. Akā he 10 mau makahiki wale nō ma hope mai, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka opera ma kahi ʻano hou, i hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ma Warsaw. ʻO ka lā o kēia hana (Ianuali 1, 1858) ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hānau ʻana o ka opera classical Polish.

I ka makahiki 1858, ua huakaʻi ʻo Moniuszko i nā ʻāina ʻē ma Kelemānia, Farani, a me Czech Republic (ʻoiai ma Weimar, kipa ʻo ia iā F. Liszt). I ka manawa like, ua kono ʻia ka haku mele i ka pou o ka alakaʻi alakaʻi o ka Belki Theatre (Warsaw), āna i mālama ai a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā. Eia kekahi, ʻo Moniuszko he kumu aʻoaʻo ma ka Musical Institute (1864-72), kahi e aʻo ai i nā papa ma ka haku mele, ka lokahi a me ka counterpoint (ma waena o kāna mau haumāna ka haku mele Z. Noskovsky). ʻO Moniuszko hoʻi ka mea kākau o ke Kula Piano a me ka puke haʻawina harmoni.

ʻO ka hana pinepine ʻana me nā ʻaha mele a ka mea kākau ma St. Petersburg ua hoʻokokoke ʻo Moniuszko i nā haku mele Lūkini - he hoaaloha ʻo M. Gliyaki lāua ʻo A. Dargomyzhsky. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka hana a Moniuszko e pili pū ana me kēlā mau ʻano i hoʻopā ʻole ʻia e ka poʻokela Polani kaulana ʻo F. Chopin a ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi mai iā ia - me ka opera a me ke mele. Ua hana ʻo Moniuszko i 15 mau opera. Ma waho aʻe o Pebbles, ʻo kāna mau hana maikaʻi loa ʻo The Enchanted Castle (The Terrible Yard - 1865). Ua huli pinepine ʻo Moniuszko i ka opera comic (Yavnuta, The Timber Rafter), ballet (me Monte Cristo), operetta, mele no nā hana keaka (W. Shakespeare's Hamlet, The Robbers) F. Schiller, vaudeville na A. Fredro). Hoʻokomo mau i ka haku mele a me ke ʻano o ka cantata ("Milda", "Niola"). I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hana ʻia nā cantatas 3 i nā huaʻōlelo a A. Mickiewicz: "Ghosts" (e pili ana i ka poem dramatic "Dzyady"), "Crimean Sonnets" a me "Mistress Tvardovskaya". Ua hoʻokomo pū ʻo Moniuszko i kahi ʻāpana aupuni i nā mele pule (6 mau nui, 4 "Ostrobramsky litanies"), ua hoʻokumu i ke kumu no ka symphonism Polish (program overtures "Fairy Tale", "Cain", etc.). Ua kākau pū ka mea haku mele i nā mele piano, i manaʻo nui ʻia no ka hana mele home: polonaises, mazurkas, waltzes, 2 notebook o nā ʻāpana "Trinkets".

Akā ʻo ka mea nui loa, a me ka hana hoʻokalakupua, ʻo ia ka haku ʻana i nā mele (c. 400), i hui pū ʻia e ka haku mele i nā hōʻiliʻili - "Home Songbooks". Ke'ōlelo nei ko lākou inoa nona iho:ʻo kēia ke mele o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, i hanaʻiaʻaʻole wale no nāʻoihana, akā, no nā mea aloha mele. "ʻAʻole au e hana i kahi mea hou. Ke hele nei ma nā ʻāina Polani, piha au i ka ʻuhane o nā mele ʻōiwi. Mai lākou mai, e kūʻē i koʻu makemake, hāʻule ka manaʻo i loko o kaʻu mau mele a pau. Ma kēia mau hua'ōlelo, hōʻikeʻo Moniuszko i ka mea huna o ka "sociality" kupaianaha o kāna mele.

K. Zenkin

Nā haku mele:

kahawai – He kūpono (Ideal, 1841), Carmagnola (Karmaniol, 1840), Pāpā melemele (Zulta szlafmyca, ca. 1842), Wai kupanaha (Woda cudowna, 1840s), Rural idyll (Sielanka, 1843, Spanish 1852), Pebbles (1st) ., 1848, Vilnius, 2nd ed., 1858, Warsaw), Betley (comic., 1852), Timber Rafter (Flis, comic opera, 1858), Countess (Hrabina, comic., 1860), Word of Honor (Verbum nobile) , 1861), Enchanted Castle (Terrible Yard; Straszny dwur, 1865), Pariah (Paria, 1869); opereta – Loteri (Loteria, 1843, Minsk; 1846, Warsaw), Recruitment (Pobur rekrutуw, 1842), Ka paio o ka poe mele (Walka muzykуw, 1840s), Yavnuta, a i ole Gypsies (1st edition ma lalo o ka inoa Gypsies – Cyganie, post 1850 , Vilnius, 1852nd edition under the title Yavnuta, 2, Warsaw), Beata (melodrama, 1860, Warsaw); baleta – Monte Cristo (1866), Kali (Na kwaterunku, 1868), Tricks of Satan (Figle szatana, 1870); mele ballet no ka opera The Merry Wives of Windsor na O. Nicholas a me The Bronze Horse na D. Aubert; no ka hookani pila – Overtures Tale (Winter's Tale; Bajka, Conte d'hiver, 1848), Kaina, or the Death of Abel (1856), Military Overture, or Beloved Hetman (Uwertura wojenna albo Kochanka hetmanska, 1857), Concert Polonaise (Polonez koncertowy) ; no na leo a me ka orkestra - cantatas Milda (1848), Niola (1852), Krumine (ʻaʻole i pau, 1852) - ma ka lā aʻe. ʻO Yu. Kraszewski, Madonna (1856), Ghosts (Widma, 1865), Crimean Sonnets (Sonety krymskie, 1868), Pani Tvardovskaya (1869), 6 mau lehulehu (me Petrovinskaya), 4 Ostrobramsky litanies (Litanie ostrobramskie, 1843, Litanie ostrobramskie) lumi hoʻokani pila – 2 kaula. quartet (a hiki i ka makahiki 1840); no ka piano (ma kahi o 50 pāʻani) - Baubles (Fraszki, 2 puke o nā pāʻani, 1843), 6 polonaises, waltzes, mazurkas; no ka okana – Nā mele o kā mākou halepule (Piesni naszego kosciola), nā hīmeni, wok. ensembles; no ka leo a me ka piano — Mele St. 400; mele no nā hana keaka keaka – no vaudeville: A. Fredro “Overnight in the Apennines” (1839), “The New Don Quixote, or One Hundred Madnesses” (1842, post. 1923), i ka pou. "Hamlet" a me "The Merchant of Venice" na Shakespeare, "Robbers" na Schiller, "Carpathian Highlanders" na Kozhenevsky, "Lilly Venedy" na Y. Slovatsky.