Suite |

Palani suite, lit. – series, sequence

ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano nui o nā ʻano cyclic multipart o nā mele mea kani. Aia kekahi mau ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa maʻamau, i hoʻohui ʻia e kahi manaʻo noʻeau maʻamau. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻāpana o ka syllable ma ke ʻano, ka puʻupuʻu, ka manawa, a pēlā aku; i ka manawa like, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohui ʻia e ke tonal unity, motive kinship, a ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Ch. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike o S. ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i hoʻokahi haku mele. holoʻokoʻa ma ke kumu o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa - hoʻokaʻawale ʻo S. mai kēlā cyclical. nā ʻano like me ka sonata a me ka symphony me ko lākou manaʻo o ka ulu a lilo. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka sonata a me ka symphony, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo S. e ke kūʻokoʻa nui o nā ʻāpana, kahi ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke ʻano o ka pōʻai (ka helu o nā ʻāpana, ko lākou ʻano, kauoha, correlation me kekahi i kekahi i loko o ka ākea ākea. nā palena), ka manaʻo e mālama i nā mea āpau a i ʻole kekahi. ʻāpana o ka tonality hoʻokahi, a me ka pololei. pili me nā ʻano hula, mele, etc.

Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o S. a me ka sonata e ka waena. Ke kenekulia 18, i ka wā i hiki ai ʻo S. i kona piko, a ua ʻano hope ka pōʻaiapuni sonata. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole paʻa kēia kūʻē. Ua ala mai ʻo Sonata lāua ʻo S. kokoke i ka manawa like, a ʻo ko lāua mau ala, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka wā mua, ke ʻaʻa i kekahi manawa. No laila, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo S. i ka sonata, ʻoi loa ma ka wahi o tematiama. ʻO ka hopena o kēia mana ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka minuet i ka pōʻai sonata a me ke komo ʻana o nā hula. nā mele a me nā kiʻi i ka rondo hope.

Hoʻi nā aʻa o S. i ka moʻomeheu kahiko o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kahi huakaʻi hula lohi (e like me ka nui) a me ka hulahula lele ʻoluʻolu (maʻa mau, 3-beat ka nui), i ʻike ʻia ma ka Hikina. nā ʻāina i ka wā kahiko. ʻO nā prototypes hope o S. ʻo ia ka Middle Ages. ʻO Arabic nauba (he ʻano mele nui e pili ana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole e pili ana i ke kumuhana), a me nā ʻano ʻāpana he nui i laha i waena o nā poʻe o ka Middle East a me ka Middle East. ʻAsia. ma Farani i ke kenekulia 16. ua ala mai ka moʻomeheu o ka hui ʻana i ka hula. S. Dek. branley hānau - ana, hoʻolauleʻa. nā huakaʻi hula a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hānau maoli ʻana o S. ma ʻEulopa Komohana. pili ke mele me ka helehelena i waena. ʻO ke kenekulia 16 mau hulahula - pavanes (he hulahula nani, kahe i ka 2/4) a me nā galliards (he hula kelepona me nā lele ma 3/4). Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia pālua, e like me BV Asafiev, "kokoke ka pilina ikaika mua i ka mōʻaukala o ka suite." Paʻi ʻia i ke kenekulia 16, e like me ka tablature o Petrucci (1507-08), "Intobalatura de lento" na M. Castillones (1536), ka papa kuhikuhi o P. Borrono a me G. Gortzianis ma Italia, nā ʻohi lute o P. Attenyan. (1530-47) ma Farani, ʻaʻole i loko o lākou wale nō nā pavanes a me nā galliards, akā, ʻo nā ʻano hui like ʻē aʻe e pili ana (hulahula bass - tourdion, branle - saltarella, passamezzo - saltarella, etc.).

Ua hui pū ʻia kēlā me kēia mau hula e ke kolu o ka hula, ʻo ia hoʻi ma 3 mau kuʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ke ola - volta a piva paha.

ʻO ka laʻana mua loa i ʻike ʻia o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻokoʻa o ka pavane a me ka galliard, mai ka makahiki 1530, hāʻawi i kahi laʻana o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kēia mau hula ma ke ʻano like, akā me ka mika-rhythmically transformed melodic. mea waiwai. ʻAʻole liʻuliʻu, lilo kēia kumukānāwai i mea wehewehe no nā hula a pau. moʻo. I kekahi manawa, no ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ʻaʻole i kākau ʻia ka hula hope loa: ua hāʻawi ʻia ka mea hoʻokani i ka manawa, ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka melodic. ka laana a me ka lokahi o ka hula mua, e hoohuli i ka manawa elua i ekolu hapa hookahi ia oe iho.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 17 i ka hana a I. Gro (30 pavanes a me galliards, i paʻi ʻia ma 1604 ma Dresden), eng. ʻO ka wahine puʻupaʻa ʻo W. Bird, J. Bull, O. Gibbons (sat. "Parthenia", 1611) e neʻe aku mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wehewehe ʻana i ka hula. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hānau hou ʻana o ka hula o kēlā me kēia lā i "pāʻani no ka hoʻolohe" ua hoʻopau hope ʻia e ser. kenekulia 17

ʻAno kahiko o ka hula kahiko S. ʻae ʻia ka Austrian. comp. I. ʻAe. ʻO Froberger, nāna i hoʻokumu i ke kaʻina hula ma kāna mau mea kani no ka harpsichord. 'āpana: a me ka moderately slow allemande (4/4) i ukali ia e ka hookeai a moderately wikiwiki chimes (3/4) a me ka slow sarabande (3/4). Ma hope mai, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Froberger i ka hulahula ʻehā - he swift jig, i hoʻopaʻa koke ʻia ma ke ʻano he hopena koi. ʻāpana.

He nui na S. con. 17 - noi. ʻO ke kenekulia 18 no ka harpsichord, orchestra a lute paha, i kūkulu ʻia ma ke kumu o kēia mau ʻāpana 4, e komo pū me kahi minuet, gavotte, bourre, paspier, polonaise, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ma waena o ka sarabande a me ka gigue, a me " pālua” (“pālua” – hoʻololi hoʻonaninani ma kekahi o nā ʻāpana o S.). ʻO Allemande ka mea maʻamau ma mua o kahi sonata, symphony, toccata, prelude, overture; ʻO aria, rondo, capriccio, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa mai nā ʻāpana hula ʻole. Ua kākauʻia nā māhele a pau, e like me keʻano, ma ke kī hoʻokahi. Ma keʻano he ʻokoʻa, i ka mua da camera sonatas e A. Corelli, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo S., aia nā hula lohi i kākau ʻia ma kahi kī ʻokoʻa mai ka mea nui. Ma ke kī nui a liʻiliʻi paha o ka degere pili loa o ka pilina, otd. ʻāpana i nā suites o GF Handel, ka 2nd minuet mai ka 4th English S. a me ka 2nd gavotte mai S. ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa. "French Overture" (BWV 831) JS Bach; i kekahi mau suites e Bach (English suites No No 1, 2, 3, etc.) aia nā ʻāpana i ke kī nui a liʻiliʻi paha.

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "S." ʻike mua ʻia ma Farani i ke kenekulia 16. e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike o nā lālā like ʻole, i nā kenekulia 17-18. ua komo pū i loko o ʻEnelani a me Kelemānia, akā no ka manawa lōʻihi ua hoʻohana ʻia i ka decomp. waiwai. No laila, i kekahi manawa kapa ʻia ʻo S. i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ka pōʻai suite. Me kēia, ma ʻEnelani ua kapa ʻia ka hui hula he mau haʻawina (G. Purcell), ma Italia - balletto a i ʻole (ma hope) sonata da camera (A. Corelli, A. Steffani), ma Kelemānia - Partie (I. Kunau) a i ʻole partita (D. Buxtehude, JS Bach), ma Farani - ordre (P. Couperin), etc. I ka manawa pinepine ʻaʻohe inoa kūikawā ʻo S. akā ua koho ʻia ʻo ia he "Pieces for the harpsichord", "Table music", etc.

Ua hoʻoholo ʻia e ka nat ke ʻano o nā inoa e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano like. nā hiʻohiʻona o ka uluʻana o S. i con. 17 – ser. Keneturi 18 ʻAe, Palani. Ua ho'ohanohano 'ia 'o S. e ke kū'oko'a o ke kūkulu 'ana (mai nā hula 5 a JB Lully ma ka orc. C. e-moll a hiki i ka 23 ma kekahi o nā harpsichord suites o F. Couperin), a me ka ho'okomo 'ana i ka hula. he moʻo noʻonoʻo, ʻano a me nā kiʻi kiʻi ʻāina (27 harpsichord suites na F. Couperin me 230 mau ʻāpana like ʻole). ʻO Franz. na haku mele J. Ch. Chambonnière, L. Couperin, NA Lebesgue, J. d'Anglebert, L. Marchand, F. Couperin, a me J.-F. Ua hoʻokomo ʻo Rameau i nā ʻano hula hou iā S.: the musette and rigaudon , chaconne, passacaglia, lur, etc. Ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā ʻāpana hula ʻole i ka S., ʻoi aku ka decomp. ʻAriana genera. Ua hoʻolauna mua ʻo Lully iā S. i mea hoʻolauna. nā ʻāpana o ka hoʻolaha. Ua lawe ʻia kēia mea hou e ia. haku mele ʻo JKF Fischer, IZ Kusser, GF Telemann a me JS Bach. Ua wehe pinepine o G. Purcell i kona S. me ka mua; ua lawe ʻia kēia kuʻuna e Bach ma kāna ʻōlelo Pelekania. S. (ma kāna Palani. S. ʻaʻohe preludes). Ma waho aʻe o nā mea hoʻokani pila a me nā harpsichord, ua laha nui nā mea kani no ka lute ma Farani. Mai Italia mai. ʻO D. Frescobaldi, ka mea nāna i hoʻomohala i ka puʻupuʻu like ʻole, ua hāʻawi nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā haku mele mele.

Ua hoʻohui like nā mea haku mele Kelemania i ka ʻōlelo Farani. a ital. hoʻohuli manaʻo. ʻO nā "Moʻolelo Baibala" a Kunau no ka harpsichord a me ka mele mele a Handel "Music on the Water" ua like me kā lākou papahana me ka Farani. C. Hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka Italia. ʻokoʻa. ʻenehana, ʻo ka Buxtehude suite ma ke kumumanaʻo o ka chorale "Auf meinen lieben Gott" i ʻike ʻia, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ka allemande me kahi pālua, sarabande, chimes a me gigue nā ʻano like ʻole ma ke kumuhana hoʻokahi, melodic. mālama ʻia ke ʻano a me ka lokahi o ka ʻoki ma nā ʻāpana āpau. Ua hoʻokomo ʻo GF Handel i ka fugue i loko o S., e hōʻike ana i ka manaʻo e wehe i nā kumu o S. kahiko a hoʻokokoke i ka hale pule. sonata (no Handel's 8 suites for harpsichord, paʻi ʻia ma Lākana i ka makahiki 1720, 5 he fugue).

Hōʻike i ka Italia, Farani. a me Kelemania. Ua hui pū ʻia ʻo S. e JS Bach, nāna i hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ke ʻano o S. i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Ma Bach's suites (6 English and 6 French, 6 partitas, "French Overture" no clavier, 4 orchestral S., i kapaia o overtures, partitas no solo violin, S. no solo cello), ua pau ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā hula. pāʻani mai kona pilina me kāna kumu kumu o kēlā me kēia lā. Ma nā ʻāpana hula o kāna mau suites, mālama ʻo Bach i nā ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana o kēia hula a me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona mele. kaha kiʻi; ma kēia kumu, hana ʻo ia i nā pāʻani i loaʻa kahi lyric-drama hohonu. maʻiʻo. Ma kēlā me kēia ʻano S., aia ʻo Bach i kāna hoʻolālā ponoʻī no ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pōʻai; ʻAe, ʻo English S. a me S. no cello e hoʻomaka mau me kahi prelude, ma waena o ka sarabande a me ka gigue he mau hula like ʻelua, a pēlā aku.

Ma ka papahele ʻelua. I ke kenekulia 2, i ka wā o ka classicism Viennese, ua nalowale ʻo S. i kona manaʻo mua. Nā muses alakaʻi. lilo ka sonata a me ka symphony i mau ʻano, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei ka symphony ma ke ʻano o nā cassations, serenades, a me divertissement. Prod. ʻO J. Haydn lāua ʻo WA ​​Mozart, nona kēia mau inoa, ʻo ka hapa nui o S., ʻo ka "Little Night Serenade" kaulana wale nō i kākau ʻia e Mozart ma ke ʻano o kahi symphony. Mai ka Op. ʻO L. Beethoven kahi kokoke i S. 18 "serenades", hoʻokahi no nā kaula. trio (op. 2, 8), kekahi no ka ohe, violin and viola (op. 1797, 25). Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ke hoʻokokoke nei nā mele o nā mele Viennese i ka sonata a me ka symphony, genre-hula. ʻike ʻole ʻia ka hoʻomaka i loko o lākou. No ka laʻana, "Haffner" orc. ʻO ka serenade a Mozart, i kākau ʻia i ka makahiki 1802, he 1782 mau ʻāpana, a ma ka hula. 8 mau minuke wale nō e mālama ʻia.

He ʻano nui o nā ʻano hana S. i ke kenekulia 19. pili me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka symphonism papahana. ʻO ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i ke ʻano o ka polokalamu S. ʻo ia nā pōʻai o FP. ʻO nā mea liʻiliʻi a R. Schumann he Carnival (1835), Fantastic Pieces (1837), Children's Scenes (1838), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO Rimsky-Korsakov's Antar a me Scheherazade nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o ka hoʻokani pila. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona papahana ka hiʻohiʻona o FP. pōʻai "Pictures at an Exhibition" na Mussorgsky, "Little Suite" no ka piano. Borodin, "Little Suite" no ka piano. a me S. "Nā Leʻaleʻa Keiki" no ka hoʻokani pila na J. Bizet. ʻO 3 orchestral suites na PI Tchaikovsky ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona. pāʻani pili ʻole i ka hula. nā ʻano; komo lākou i kahi hula hou. ʻAno – waltz (2 a me 3 C.). Aia ma waena o lākou kāna "Serenade" no nā kaula. ka mea hoʻokani pila, "kū i ka hapalua o ke ala ma waena o ka suite a me ka symphony, akā kokoke i ka suite" (BV Asafiev). Ua kākau ʻia nā ʻāpana o S. o kēia manawa ma ka decomp. nā kī, akā ʻo ka hapa hope, e like me ke kānāwai, e hoʻihoʻi i ke kī o ka mua.

Hōʻike ʻia nā R. 19th century a pau S., i haku ʻia me nā mele no ka hale keaka. nā mea hana, nā pila, nā opera: E. Grieg mai ka mele no ka pāʻani na G. Ibsen "Peer Gynt", J. Bizet mai ka mele no ka pāʻani "The Arlesian" na A. Daudet, PI Tchaikovsky mai nā ballets "The Nutcracker". "A me "The Sleeping Beauty" ", NA Rimsky-Korsakov mai ka opera "The Tale of Tsar Saltan".

I ke kenekulia 19, ke mau nei nā ʻano S. e pili ana me nā hula ʻōiwi. kuʻuna. Hōʻike ʻia ia e Saint-Saens 'Algiers Suite, Dvorak's Bohemian Suite. ʻAno noʻonoʻo. refraction o nā hula kahiko. Hāʻawi ʻia nā genres ma Debussy's Bergamas Suite (minuet a paspier), ma Ravel's Tomb of Couperin (forlana, rigaudon a me minuet).

I ka 20th century ballet suites i hana ʻia e IF Stravinsky (The Firebird, 1910; Petrushka, 1911), SS Prokofiev (The Jester, 1922; The Prodigal Son, 1929; On the Dnieper, 1933; "Romeo and Juliet", 1936- 46; "Cinderella", 1946), AI Khachaturian (S. mai ka ballet "Gayane"), "Provencal Suite" no ka orchestra D. Milhaud, "Little Suite" no ka piano. J. Aurik, S. haku mele o ke kula Viennese hou - A. Schoenberg (S. no ka piano, op. 25) a me A. Berg (Lyric Suite no nā strings. quartet), - i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana dodecaphonic. Ma muli o nā kumu moʻolelo, "Dance Suite" a me 2 S. no ka hoʻokani pila na B. Bartok, "Little Suite" no ka orkestra na Lutoslawski. ʻO nā R. 20th century a pau heʻano S. hou, i hakuʻia me nā mele no nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ("Lieutenant Kizhe" na Prokofiev, "Hamlet" na Shostakovich). Kekahi wok. Ua kapa ʻia nā pōʻaiapuni i kekahi manawa he leo S. (vok. S. "ʻEono Poems na M. Tsvetaeva" na Shostakovich), aia pū kekahi choral S.

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "S." also means music-choreographic. haku mele he mau hula. Hoʻokomo pinepineʻia kēlāʻano S. i nā hana ballet; no ka laʻana, ua haku ʻia ka pena 3 o ka "Swan Lake" o Tchaikovsky me ka hahai ʻana i nā kuʻuna. nat. hula. I kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia kēlā S. i hoʻokomo ʻia he divertissement (ke kiʻi hope loa o The Sleeping Beauty a me ka hapa nui o ka hana 2 a Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker).

E hoʻomaopopo ': Igor Glebov (Asafiev BV), Tchaikovsky's instrumental art, P., 1922; kona, Puka Mele ma ke ano he Kaina, Vol. 1-2, M.-L., 1930-47, L., 1971; Yavorsky B., Bach suites no clavier, M.-L., 1947; Druskin M., mele Clavier, L., 1960; Efimenkova V., Nā ʻano hula …, M., 1962; Popova T., Suite, M., 1963.

IE Manukyan