Papahelu |

mai ka lat. papa - papa, papaʻaina; ital. intavolatura, papa kuhikuhi Farani, germ. Tabatur

1) Pūnaehana huaʻōlelo pīʻāpā a i ʻole helu helu no ka hoʻokahi instr. nā mele i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kenekulia 14-18. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo T. i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa ana i nā haku mele no ka okana, harpsichord (fp.), lute, harp, viola da gamba, viola da braccio, a me nā mea kani ʻē aʻe.

Palani lute tablature.

Aia nā ʻano like ʻole o T.: ʻItalia, Paniolo, Palani, Kelemānia. ʻO nā lula a me nā ʻano o ka pahu kani ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻokani ʻana i nā mea kani; no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka lute timbre e nā leo ponoʻī, akā e nā frets, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā kaula i ka wā e unuhi ai i nā kani pono; alaila. no nā mea kani ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ke ʻano, hōʻike kēia mau hōʻailona i ka decomp. kani.

Papa ʻōkana kahiko o Kelemania

ʻO ka papa lute German

ʻO ka mea maʻamau i nā T. a pau, ʻo ia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka puʻupuʻu ma o nā hōʻailona kūikawā i kau ʻia ma luna o nā leka a i ʻole nā ​​helu: kahi kiko - brevis, laina kū pololei - semibrevis, laina me kahi huelo () - minima, kahi kaha me kahi pālua. huelo () - semiminima, me kahi huelo ʻekolu () - fusa, me kahi huelo quadruple () - semifusa. ʻO nā hōʻailona like ma luna o ka laina ākea e hōʻike i nā hoʻomaha. I ka hahai ʻana i kekahi mau leo ​​pōkole o ka lōʻihi like i ke kenekulia 16. hoʻomaka e hoʻohana ma kahi o otd. nā hōʻailona me nā ponytails kahi laina ākea maʻamau - wili, ka prototype o kēia manawa. “mau iwi ʻaoʻao”.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka pahu ʻokana ʻo ia ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā leo. I kekahi manawa, ma waho aʻe o nā leka, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā laina ākea, e pili ana i kekahi mau leo ​​polygoal. lole lole. I ka mea kahiko. organ T., hoʻohana ʻia mai ka hapaha mua. 1th c. (e nānā iā Robertsbridge Codex, aia ma Lādana ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Pelekane) ma ka hoʻomaka. ʻO ke kenekulia 14, ua pili ka inoa o ka leka i nā leo haʻahaʻa, a ʻo nā mesural me nā leo luna. K ser. 16th c. e hoʻokomo i ka papa kuhikuhi lima kākau ʻia e A. Yleborg (15) a me K. Pauman (1448), ʻo nā loina o ia mau mea i wehewehe ʻia ma ka Buxheimer Orgelbuch (c. 1452). Ua puka mai ka T. i pai mua ia i kinohi. Keneturi 1460 I ka makahiki 16, ua paʻi ka mea hoʻokalakupua Leipzig ʻo N. Ammerbach i kahi Kelemānia hou. organ T., hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi o 1571-1550; ʻO nā leo i loko ua hōʻike ʻia e nā leka, a ua kau ʻia nā hōʻailona mele ma luna o nā leka. ʻO ka maʻalahi o ka hōʻike ʻana i maʻalahi ka heluhelu ʻana iā T. ʻO ke ʻano mua he Paniolo. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka organ T. e ka mea hoʻokalakupua X. Bermudo; Ua kau ʻo ia i nā kani mai C a i a1700 ma nā laina e pili ana me otd. koho, a ma ia mea i kaha ai ia lakou me na helu. Ma hope mai, ua koho ʻia nā kī keʻokeʻo (mai f a hiki i ka e2) ma nā helu (mai ka 1 a hiki i ka 1), ma nā octaves ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kī hou. nā hōʻailona. Ma Italia, Farani a me ʻEnelani i ke kenekulia 7. i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā mele no nā mea kani kīpē, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo T., i hoʻokomo ʻia i ʻelua ʻōnaehana laina, no ka lima ʻākau a me ka lima hema. Ma Italia. a me Sepania. lute T. ʻeono mau kaula i pili i nā laina ʻeono, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai nā frets e nā helu. E hōʻike i ke kani ma ka ʻōlelo Sepania. Ua hoʻohana ʻo T. i nā hōʻailona o ka notation mensural, e kū ana ma luna o nā laina, ma ka ʻōlelo Italia. T. - ʻo nā kumu a me nā huelo wale nō iā lākou, e like me ka helu o nā leka. mau lōʻihi. Ua like na kaula luna o keia mau T. me na rula malalo, a pela no. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o nā leo ma ke kaula i hāʻawi ʻia e nā helu: 17 (kuai hāmama), 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, X, . ʻAʻole like me ka T. i ʻōlelo ʻia, ma fr. Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ka lute T. ʻelima laina (ʻo nā kaula luna e pili ana i nā laina luna); ʻo ke ono, laina hou, i nā hihia o kona hoʻohana ʻana, ua kau ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻōnaehana. Ua kaha ʻia nā kani. nā leka: A (kuai hāmama), a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, 9.

Kelemania ka lute t. He ʻano mua paha ia ma mua o nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna; ua manaʻo ʻia no kahi lute 5-string (ma hope T. - no kahi lute 6-string).

ʻIlia lute tablature

ʻO ka papa lute Spanish

ʻAʻohe laina o kēia T., aia ka moʻolelo holoʻokoʻa i nā leka, nā helu, a me nā ʻōpala me nā huelo e hōʻike ana i ke kani.

Ma waena o nā manuscript e ola nei a me nā kope paʻi o nā hana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka okana a me ka lute t., ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea. organ T.: A. Schlick, "Tabulaturen etlicher Lobgesang", Mainz, 1512; nā puke papa lima kākau lima e H. Kotter (University Library ma Basel), ʻo I. Buchner's handwritten tablature book (University Library ma Basel a me Central Library ma Zurich) a me nā puke ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻōlelo Kelemānia hou. Ua hoʻokani ʻia nā mele okana e V. Schmidt dem Dlteren (1577), I. Paix (1583), V. Schmidt dem Jüngeren (1607), J. Woltz (1607), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. b-ka), V. Galilaia (Florence, National Library), B. Amerbach (Basel, hale waihona puke kulanui) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. 1523; Francesco da Milano, "Intavolatura di liuto" (1536, 1546, 1547); H. Gerle, "Musica Teusch" (Nürnberg, 1532); "Ein newes sehr künstlich Lautenbuch" (Nürnberg, 1552) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

2) Nā lula e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ka ʻike o ka mele a me ka mele. suit-va Meistersinger a lanakila a hiki i ka hopena. Kenekulia 15; ua hui pū ʻia kēia mau lula e Adam Pushman (c. 1600). ʻO ka pūʻulu o nā lula āna i hōʻuluʻulu ai, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo T. ʻO ka hīmeni ʻana o ka poʻe haku mele he monophonic a ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ka instr. nā ukali. Ua hana hou ʻia kekahi mau loina o T. Meistersingers e R. Wagner i nā ʻāpana o ka opera The Nuremberg Meistersingers, pili i nā kikoʻī o kā lākou hana. hoʻopiʻi. E ʻike i ka hoʻopaʻa inoa Mensural, Organ, Lute, Meistersinger.

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "T." ua hoʻohana pū ʻia i nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe: no ka laʻana, ua paʻi ʻo S. Scheidt i ka Tabulatura nova - Sat. prod. a me nā hoʻoikaika kino no ke kino; Ua hoʻohana ʻo NP Diletsky iā ia ma ke ʻano o kahi puke puke.

E hoʻomaopopo ': Wolf J., Handbuch der Notationskunde, Tl 1-2, Lpz., 1913-19; его же, Die Tonschriften, Breslau, 1924; ʻO Schrade L., ʻO nā monuments kahiko loa o nā mele okana…, Münster, 1928; Ape1 W., The notation of polyphonic music, Cambridge, 1942, 1961; Moe LH, Mele hula ma nā papa lute Italia i pai ʻia mai 1507 a i 1611, Harvard, 1956 (Diss.); Voettisher W., Les oeuvres de Roland de Lassus mises en tablature de luth, в кн.: Le luth et sa musique, P., 1958; Dorfmь1ler K., La tablature de luth allemande…, там же; Zcbe1ey HR, Die Musik des Buxheimer Orgelbuches, Tutzing, 1964.

VA Vakhromeev