Kaikamahine Mahalo (Kirsten Flagstad) |

Kirsten Flagstad

ʻO ka primadona kaulana o ka Metropolitan Francis Alda, ka mea nāna i hoʻokani me nā haku nui a pau o ke keʻena opera honua, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "Ma hope o Enrico Caruso, hoʻokahi wale nō leo maikaʻi loa aʻu i ʻike i ka opera o ko mākou mau lā - ʻo Kirsten Flagstad kēia. ” Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Kirsten Flagstad ma Iulai 12, 1895 ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Norewai o Hamar, ma ka ʻohana o ke alakaʻi ʻo Mikhail Flagstad. He mea hoʻokani pila hoʻi ʻo Māmā - he mea hoʻokani piano kaulana a hoʻokani pila ma ka National Theatre ma Oslo. He mea kupanaha paha, mai kona wā kamaliʻi mai, ua aʻo ʻo Kirsten i ka piano a me ka hīmeni ʻana me kona makuahine, a i ka makahiki ʻeono ua hīmeni ʻo ia i nā mele a Schubert!

I ka ʻumikūmākolu, ua ʻike ke kaikamahine i nā ʻāpana o Aida lāua ʻo Elsa. ʻElua makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻomaka nā papa o Kirsten me kahi kumu leo ​​kaulana ma Oslo, ʻo Ellen Schitt-Jakobsen. Ma hope o ʻekolu makahiki o nā papa, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Flagstad i kāna hana mua ma Dekemaba 12, 1913. Ma ke kapikala ʻo Norewai, ua hana ʻo ia i ke kuleana o Nuriv ma ka opera a E. d'Albert ʻO ke awāwa, i kaulana i kēlā mau makahiki. ʻAʻole makemake ʻia ka mea pena kiʻi ʻōpio e ka lehulehu maʻamau, akā pū kekahi pūʻulu o nā mea kūʻai waiwai. Hāʻawi ka hope i ka haʻawina i ka mea mele i hiki iā ia ke hoʻomau i kāna aʻo ʻana i ka leo.

Mahalo i ke kākoʻo kālā, ua aʻo ʻo Kirsten ma Stockholm me Albert Westwang lāua ʻo Gillis Bratt. I ka makahiki 1917, hoʻi i ka home, hoʻokani mau ʻo Flagstad i nā hana keaka ma ka National Theatre.

"Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia, me ke kālena kānalua ʻole o ka mea mele ʻōpio, hiki iā ia ke lawe i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi i ka honua leo," i kākau ai ʻo VV Timokhin. – ʻAʻole naʻe kēlā. No nā makahiki he iwakālua, ua noho ʻo Flagstad i mea hana maʻamau a haʻahaʻa i lawe i kekahi kuleana i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia, ʻaʻole wale i ka opera, akā i ka operetta, revue, a me nā mele mele. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he mau kumu kumu no kēia, akā hiki ke wehewehe nui ʻia e ke ʻano o Flagstad ponoʻī, ʻo ia ka mea ʻē loa i ka ʻuhane o ka "poʻokela" a me ka makemake noʻeau. He kanaka hana paʻa ʻo ia, ʻo ia ka mea liʻiliʻi loa i ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka waiwai pilikino "no ia iho" ma ke kiʻi.

Ua male ʻo Flagstad i ka makahiki 1919. Ua hala kekahi manawa a haʻalele ʻo ia i ke kahua. ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole no ke kūʻē ʻana o kāna kāne: ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o kāna kaikamahine, nalowale ka leo o ka mea mele. A laila hoʻi ʻo ia, akā ʻo Kirsten, makaʻu i ka hoʻonui ʻana, no kekahi manawa makemake ʻo ia i nā "māmā" i nā operettas. I ka makahiki 1921, lilo ka mea mele i mea mele me ka Mayol Theatre ma Oslo. Ma hope mai, hoʻokani ʻo ia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Casino. I ka makahiki 1928, ua ʻae ka mea mele Norewai i kono e lilo i mea hoʻokani solo me ka Stura Theatre ma ke kūlanakauhale Kuekene o Gothenburg.

A laila paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i ka wā e hiki mai ana ka mea mele i mea kūikawā wale nō i nā kuleana Wagnerian. I kēlā manawa, mai nā hui Wagner i loko o kāna repertoire wale nō ʻo Elsa lāua ʻo Elizabeth. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he "mea hoʻokani honua" maʻamau, e hīmeni ana i kanakolukumamāwalu mau hana ma nā opera a me kanakolu i nā operettas. Ma waena o lākou: Minnie ("Girl from the West" na Puccini), Margarita ("Faust"), Nedda ("Pagliacci"), Eurydice ("Orpheus" na Gluck), Mimi ("La Boheme"), Tosca, Cio- Cio-San, Aida, Desdemona, Michaela ("Carmen"), Evryanta, Agatha ("Euryante" a me Weber's "Magic Shooter").

ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana ʻo Flagstad ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani Wagnerian ma muli o ka hui pū ʻana o nā kūlana, ʻoiai ua loaʻa iā ia nā kūlana āpau e lilo i mele mele "Italia".

I ka wā i maʻi ai ʻo Isolde, ka mea mele kaulana ʻo Wagnerian ʻo Nanni Larsen-Todsen, i ka wā o ka hana ʻana i ke keaka mele a Wagner ʻo Tristan und Isolde ma Oslo i ka makahiki 1932, hoʻomanaʻo lākou iā Flagstad. Ua hana maikaʻi ʻo Kirsten me kāna hana hou.

Ua hoʻopio piha ʻia ka bass kaulana ʻo Alexander Kipnis e ka Isolde hou, nāna i manaʻo ʻo kahi o Flagstad aia ma ka ʻaha Wagner ma Bayreuth. I ke kauwela o 1933, ma kekahi ʻahaʻaina ʻē aʻe, hīmeni ʻo ia iā Ortlinda ma The Valkyrie a me The Third Norn in The Death of the Gods. I ka makahiki aʻe, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i nā kuleana koʻikoʻi - Sieglinde a me Gutrune.

Ma nā hana o ka Bayreuth Festival, ua lohe nā ʻelele o ka Metropolitan Opera iā Flagstad. ʻO ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni o New York i kēlā manawa pono i kahi soprano Wagnerian.

ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Flagstad ma Pepeluali 2, 1935 ma New York Metropolitan Opera ma ke kuleana o Sieglinde i lawe mai i ka mea pena i ka lanakila maoli. I ke kakahiaka aʻe, ua hoʻokani nā nūpepa ʻAmelika i ka hānau ʻana o ka mea mele Wagnerian nui loa o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua kākau ʻo Lawrence Gilman ma ka New York Herald Tribune, ʻo ia kekahi o ia mau manawa kakaʻikahi, ʻoiai, e hauʻoli ka mea haku mele i ka lohe ʻana i ke ʻano hana noʻeau o kāna Sieglinde.

"ʻAʻole wale ka poʻe hoʻolohe i ka leo o Flagstad, ʻoiai ʻo ka leo o ia leo ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻāla i ka hauʻoli," wahi a VV Timokhin. - Ua hoʻohauʻoli ʻia ka poʻe hoʻolohe i ka wikiwiki kupaianaha, ke kanaka o ka hana a ka mea pena. Mai nā hana mua loa, ua hōʻike ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o ka hiʻohiʻona kiʻi o Flagstad i ka lehulehu o New York, hiki ke lilo i mea waiwai nui no ka poʻe mele o ka orientation Wagnerian. Ua ʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻokani Wagnerian ma ʻaneʻi, nona ka epic, monumental i kekahi manawa ma luna o ke kanaka maoli. ʻO nā heroine o Flagstad me he mea lā i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka lā, i hoʻomehana ʻia e ka manaʻo hoʻopā a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. He mea pena kiʻi aloha ʻo ia, akā ua ʻike ka poʻe hoʻolohe i kāna romanticism ʻaʻole me nā ala hoʻohiwahiwa kiʻekiʻe, kahi makemake i nā ala ʻikeʻike, akā me ka nani hanohano a me ka lokahi mele, kēlā mele haʻalulu i hoʻopiha i kona leo ...

ʻO ka waiwai a pau o nā aka o ka naʻau, nā manaʻo a me nā naʻau, ka palette holoʻokoʻa o nā kala pena i loko o ka mele a Wagner, ua hoʻokomo ʻia e Flagstad ma o ka leo leo. Ma kēia mea, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻokūkū o ka mea mele ma ke kahua Wagner. ʻO kona leo ma lalo o nā neʻe maʻalahi o ka ʻuhane, nā ʻano noʻonoʻo, nā manaʻo o ka naʻau: ka noʻonoʻo ʻoluʻolu a me ka mahalo i ka makemake, ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻoulu mele. I ka hoʻolohe ʻana iā Flagstad, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka lehulehu i nā kumu pili loa o nā mele a Wagner. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ka "core" o kāna wehewehe ʻana i nā heroines Wagnerian he mea maʻalahi ka maʻalahi, ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻuhane, ka mālamalama o loko - ʻo Flagstad ʻaʻole kānalua kekahi o nā mea unuhi lyric nui loa i ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ka hana Wagnerian.

He malihini kāna kiʻi i nā ʻeha o waho a me ka hoʻoikaika manaʻo. Ua lawa kekahi mau huaʻōlelo i mele ʻia e ka mea pena i mea e hana ai i kahi kiʻi i wehewehe ʻia i loko o ka noʻonoʻo o ka mea hoʻolohe - ua nui ka pumehana aloha, ka ʻoluʻolu a me ke aloha i ka leo o ka mea mele. Ua ʻokoʻa ka leo o Flagstad e ka maikaʻi ʻole - ʻo kēlā me kēia memo i lawe ʻia e ka mea mele me ka piha, ka poepoe, ka nani, a me ke kani ʻana o ka leo o ka mea pena, me he mea lā e hoʻokomo ana i ke ʻano elegiacism ʻākau, hāʻawi i ka hīmeni ʻana a Flagstad i mea nani ʻole. He mea kupanaha kona ʻano leo leo, ʻo ke ʻano o ka mele legato, i hiki i nā ʻelele koʻikoʻi o Italia bel canto ke lili ... "

No nā makahiki ʻeono, hana mau ʻo Flagstad ma ka Metropolitan Opera ma ka Wagnerian repertoire. ʻO ka hapa wale nō o ka haku mele ʻē aʻe ʻo Leonora ma Beethoven's Fidelio. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia iā Brunnhilde ma The Valkyrie a me The Fall of the Gods, Isolde, Elizabeth ma Tannhäuser, Elsa ma Lohengrin, Kundry ma Parsifal.

ʻO nā hana a pau me ke komo ʻana o ka mea mele me nā hale piha mau. ʻEiwa wale nō mau hana o "Tristan" me ke komo ʻana o ka mea pena Norewai i lawe mai i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kahi kālā i loaʻa ʻole - ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli a me kanalima tausani kālā!

ʻO ka lanakila o Flagstad ma Metropolitan i wehe i nā puka o nā hale opera nui loa ma ka honua iā ia. Ma Mei 1936, 2, ua hana ʻo ia i kāna hoʻomaka me ka lanakila nui ma Tristan ma London's Covent Garden. A ma Kepakemapa XNUMX o ia makahiki hoʻokahi, hīmeni ka mea mele no ka manawa mua ma ka Vienna State Opera. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia iā Isolde, a i ka pau ʻana o ka opera, kāhea ka poʻe i ka mea hīmeni i kanakolu manawa!

Ua hōʻike mua ʻia ʻo Flagstad i mua o ka lehulehu Farani ma 1938 ma ke kahua o ka Parisian Grand Opera. Ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka hana ʻo Isolde. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hana ʻo ia i kahi huakaʻi ʻahamele ma Australia.

I ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki 1941, i kona hoʻi ʻana i kona ʻāina hānau, ua hoʻōki ka mea mele i ka hana. I ke kaua, ua haʻalele wale ʻo ia iā Norewai i ʻelua manawa - e komo i ka Zurich Music Festival.

I Nowemapa i ka makahiki 1946, hīmeni ʻo Flagstad ma Tristan ma ka Hale ʻOpera Chicago. I ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki aʻe, ua hana ʻo ia i kāna huakaʻi ʻaha mele ma hope o ke kaua ma nā kūlanakauhale ʻo US.

Ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana o Flagstad i Lākana i ka makahiki 1947, hīmeni ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana alakaʻi Wagner ma ka Covent Garden Theatre no ʻehā kau.

"Ua ʻoi aku ʻo Flagstad ma mua o kanalima mau makahiki," i kākau ai ʻo VV Timokhin, - akā ʻo kona leo, me he mea lā, ʻaʻole i pili i ka manawa - ua kani ʻo ia me he mea hou, piha, ʻono a nani hoʻi e like me ka makahiki poina o ka kamaʻāina mua o Londoners me ka mea mele. Ua hoʻomanawanui maʻalahi ʻo ia i nā haʻawe nui ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomanawanui no ka mea mele ʻōpio. No laila, i ka makahiki 1949, ua hana ʻo ia i ke kuleana o Brunnhilde i ʻekolu hana no hoʻokahi pule: The Valkyries, Siegfried and The Death of the Gods.

I ka makahiki 1949 a me 1950 ua hana ʻo Flagstad ma ke ʻano he Leonora (Fidelio) ma ka Salzburg Festival. I ka makahiki 1950, ua komo ka mea mele i ka hana ʻana o Der Ring des Nibelungen ma Milan's La Scala Theatre.

I ka makahiki 1951, ua ho'i ka mea mele i ke kahua o ka Metropolitan. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia i hīmeni lōʻihi ma laila. Ma ka paepae o kona makahiki kanaono, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Flagstad e haʻalele i ke kahua i ka wā e hiki mai ana. A ʻo ka mua o kāna mau hana aloha aloha i mālama ʻia ma ʻApelila 1, 1952 ma Metropolitan. Ma hope o kona hīmeni ʻana i ke poʻo inoa ma Gluck's Alceste, hele mai ʻo George Sloan, ka luna o ka papa alakaʻi o ka Met ma ke kahua a ʻōlelo ʻo Flagstad i kāna hana hope loa ma ka Met. Hoʻomaka ka lumi holoʻokoʻa e oli "ʻAʻole! ʻAʻole! ʻAʻole!”. I loko o ka hapalua hola, kāhea ke anaina i ka mea mele. I ka wā i pio ai nā kukui i loko o ke keʻena i hoʻomaka ai ke anaina e hoʻopuehu me ka makemake ʻole.

Ke hoʻomau nei i ka huakaʻi aloha, i ka makahiki 1952/53 ua hīmeni ʻo Flagstad me ka lanakila nui i ka hana ʻo Lākana o Purcell's Dido a me Aeneas. Ma Nowemapa 1953, 12, ʻo ia ka manawa o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana me ka mea mele o ka Parisian Grand Opera. Ma Kekemapa XNUMX o ia makahiki hoʻokahi, hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi ʻahamele ma ka Oslo National Theatre no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ke kanahā makahiki o kāna hana hana.

Ma hope o kēlā, he episodic wale nō kāna mau hiʻohiʻona lehulehu. Ua haʻi hope ʻo Flagstad i ka lehulehu i ka lā 7 o Kepakemapa, 1957 me kahi ʻahamele ma ka Albert Hall ma Lākana.

Ua hana nui ʻo Flagstad no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka opera aupuni. Ua lilo ʻo ia i alakaʻi mua o ka ʻOpera Norewai. Auwe, ʻo ka maʻi e piʻi ana i koi iā ia e haʻalele i ke kūlana o ke alakaʻi ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kau hoʻomaka.

ʻO nā makahiki hope loa o ka mea mele kaulana i hoʻohanaʻia i loko o kona hale pono'ī ma Kristiansand, i kūkuluʻia i kēlā manawa e like me ka papahana o ka mea mele - he hale keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻoʻelua me kahi colonnade e hoʻonani ana i ka puka nui.

Ua make ʻo Flagstad ma Oslo i ka lā 7 o Dekemaba, 1962.