Video Pinza (Ezio Pinza) |

Ezio Pinza

ʻO Pinza ka bass Italia mua loa o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Hoʻopili maʻalahi ʻo ia i nā pilikia ʻenehana āpau, kahaha me ka nani bel canto, musicality a me ka ʻono maikaʻi.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Ezio Fortunio Pinza i ka lā 18 o Mei, 1892 ma Roma, ke keiki a ke kamanā. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hana, neʻe nā mākua o Ezio i Ravenna ma hope koke o kona hānau ʻana. I ka makahiki ʻewalu, hoʻomaka ke keiki e kōkua i kona makuakāne. Akā i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole makemake ka makuakāne e ʻike i kāna keiki e hoʻomau i kāna hana - ua moe ʻo ia e lilo ʻo Ezio i mea mele.

Akā, he moeʻuhane nā moeʻuhane, a ma hope o ka nalowale ʻana o ka hana a kona makuakāne, ua haʻalele ʻo Ezio i ke kula. I kēia manawa ua kākoʻo ʻo ia i kona ʻohana e like me kona hiki. I ka makahiki ʻumikūmāwalu, ua hōʻike ʻo Ezio i kahi talena no ke kaʻa kaʻa: i hoʻokahi hoʻokūkū nui ma Ravenna, ua lawe ʻo ia i ka lua. Malia paha ua ʻae ʻo Pinza i kahi ʻaelike ʻelua makahiki, akā hoʻomau kona makuakāne i ka manaʻoʻiʻo e hīmeni ana ka ʻoihana a Ezio. ʻO ka ʻōlelo hoʻoholo a ke kumu aʻoaʻo Bolognese maikaʻi loa ʻo Alessandro Vezzani ʻaʻole i hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻelemakule Pinza. Ua ʻōlelo pololei ʻo ia: "ʻAʻohe leo o kēia keiki."

Ua koi koke ʻo Cesare Pinza i kahi hoʻokolohua me kekahi kumu ma Bologna - Ruzza. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hopena o ka hoʻokolokolo, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo Ruzza i nā papa me Ezio. Me ka haʻalele ʻole ʻana i ka hana kamana, ua loaʻa koke ʻo Pinza i nā hopena maikaʻi ma ke kiʻi leo. Eia kekahi, ma hope o Ruzza, no ka maʻi holomua, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻomau i ke aʻo ʻana iā ia, ua lanakila ʻo Ezio i ka lokomaikaʻi o Vezzani. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hoʻomaopopo ʻo ka mea mele ʻōpio i hele mai i ona lā ua hōʻole ʻia e ia. Ma hope o ka hīmeni ʻana o Pinza i kahi aria mai ka opera "Simon Boccanegra" na Verdi, ʻaʻole i ʻoki ke kumu hanohano i ka hoʻomaikaʻi. ʻAʻole wale ʻo ia i ʻae e ʻae iā Ezio i waena o kāna mau haumāna, akā ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo ia iā ia i ka Bologna Conservatory. Eia kekahi, no ka loaʻa ʻole o ke kālā o ka mea pena e hiki mai ana e uku no kāna mau haʻawina, ua ʻae ʻo Vezzani e uku iā ia i kahi "stipend" mai kāna kālā ponoʻī.

I ka iwakāluakūmālua, lilo ʻo Pinza i mea hoʻokani solo me kahi hui opera liʻiliʻi. Hana ʻo ia i kāna hana mua ma ke ʻano o Oroveso ("Norma" Bellini), kahi kuleana kūpono, ma ke kahua ma Sancino, kokoke i Milan. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka kūleʻa, hoʻoponopono ʻo Ezio iā ia ma Prato ("Ernani" na Verdi a me "Manon Lescaut" na Puccini), Bologna ("La Sonnambula" na Bellini), Ravenna ("Pūnaewele" na Donizetti).

Ua hoʻopau ke Kaua Honua Mua i ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o ka mea mele ʻōpio - ʻehā makahiki ʻo ia i ka pūʻali koa.

Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaua, hoʻi hou ʻo Pinza i ka hīmeni ʻana. I ka makahiki 1919, ua ʻae ka luna hoʻokele o ka ʻOpera Roma i ka mea hoʻokani leo ma ke ʻano o ka hui keaka. A ʻoiai ʻo Pinza ka hapa nui o nā kuleana lua, hōʻike pū ʻo ia i kahi talena koʻikoʻi i loko o lākou. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia e ka alakaʻi kaulana ʻo Tullio Serafin, nāna i kono iā Pinza i ka hale ʻOpera Turin. Ma hope o ka hīmeni ʻana i kekahi mau ʻāpana bass ma ʻaneʻi, ua hoʻoholo ka mea mele e hoʻokūkū i ka "hale nui" - ʻo "La Scala" ʻo Milan.

Ke hoʻomākaukau nei ke alakaʻi nui ʻo Arturo Toscanini i ka Wagner's Die Meistersinger i kēlā manawa. Ua makemake ke alakaʻi i ke ʻano o Pinz i hoʻokani i ka ʻāpana o Pogner.

Ma hope o ke alakaʻi ʻana iā Toscanini, ua hīmeni ʻo Pinza ma Lucia di Lammermoor, Aida, Tristan a me Isolde, ʻo Boris Godunov (Pimen) a me nā keaka ʻē aʻe. I Mei 1924, ua hīmeni ʻo Pinza, a me nā mele maikaʻi loa o La Scala, i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka opera Nero a Boito, kahi i hoʻāla nui ai i ka honua mele.

"ʻO nā hana hui pū me Toscanini he kula ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke akamai kiʻekiʻe loa no ka mea mele: hāʻawi lākou i ka mea pena e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o nā hana like ʻole, e hoʻokō ai i ka lokahi o nā mele a me nā huaʻōlelo i kāna hana, ua kōkua i ka haku piha i ka ʻaoʻao ʻenehana. leo leo," wahi a VV Timokhin. ʻO Pinza kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi a Toscanini i ʻike pono e haʻi. I kekahi manawa, i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o Boris Godunov, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e pili ana iā Pints, nāna i hoʻokani i ke ʻano o Pimen: "I ka hope, ua loaʻa iā mākou kahi mele hiki ke hīmeni!"

No ʻekolu mau makahiki, hana ka mea pena ma ke kahua o La Scala. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ʻike ʻo ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻo Pinza kekahi o nā bass maikaʻi loa i ka mōʻaukala o ka opera Italia.

ʻO ka huakaʻi mua ma nā ʻāina ʻē a Pinza i Palika, a i ka makahiki 1925, hīmeni ka mea pena ma ka Colon Theatre ma Buenos Aires. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, i Nowemapa, e hoʻomaka ʻo Pinza i kāna hoʻomaka ma Spontini's Vestal ma ka Metropolitan Opera.

No nā makahiki he iwakālua, ua noho ʻo Pintsa i ka mea hoʻokani mele mau loa o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka hoʻonani o ka hui. Akā ʻaʻole wale ma nā hana opera i mahalo ʻo Pinz i nā connoisseurs koi nui. Ua hoʻokani maikaʻi ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he soloist me ka nui o nā mele mele symphony US kaulana loa.

Ua kākau ʻo VV Timokhin: "ʻO ka leo o Pintsa - he bass kiʻekiʻe, he ʻano baritone, nani loa, ʻoluʻolu a ikaika, me ka laulā nui - lawelawe i ka mea pena ma ke ʻano koʻikoʻi, me ka noʻonoʻo a me ke ʻano hana, e hana i ke ola, nā kiʻi kahua ʻoiaʻiʻo. . ʻO kahi pūʻali waiwai o nā ʻano hōʻike, leo a me ke kani, hoʻohana ka mea mele me ka virtuosity maoli. Inā makemake ka hana i nā ala pōʻino, ka hoʻomāinoino, ka maʻalahi a i ʻole ka ʻakaʻaka maʻalahi, ʻike mau ʻo ia i ka leo kūpono a me nā kala ʻālohilohi. I ka wehewehe ʻana iā Pinza, ʻo kekahi mau mea mamao loa mai ke kikowaena i loaʻa i ka manaʻo kūikawā a me ke ʻano. Ua ʻike ka mea pena kiʻi i ka hāʻawi ʻana iā lākou i nā ʻano kanaka ola a no laila ua hoʻohuli ʻo ia i ka manaʻo nui o ka poʻe i kona mau koa, e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha o ke ʻano o ke ola hou ʻana. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha i kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "Chaliapin ʻōpio."

Makemake ʻo Pinza e ʻōlelo hou aia ʻekolu ʻano o ka poʻe mele opera: ʻo ka poʻe i pāʻani ʻole ma ke kahua, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohālike a kope i nā laʻana o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, a ʻo ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka poʻe e hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaopopo a hoʻokō i ka hana ma ko lākou ala ponoʻī. . ʻO ka mea hope wale nō, e like me Pinza, pono e kapa ʻia he mau mea pena.

ʻO Pinz ka mea hoʻokani leo, kahi basso cantante maʻamau, ua hoihoi ʻia e kona leo maikaʻi, ke akamai ʻenehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka huaʻōlelo nani a me ka lokomaikaʻi ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā keaka a Mozart. I ka manawa like, hiki ke kani ka leo o ka mea mele me ka wiwo ʻole a me ka manaʻo nui, me ka ʻike nui loa. Ma ke ʻano he Italia ma ka lāhui, ua kokoke loa ʻo Pince i ka repertoire operatic Italian, akā ua hana nui ka mea pena i nā keaka e nā mea haku mele Lūkini, Kelemānia a me Palani.

Ua ʻike ka poʻe Contemporaries iā Pinz ma ke ʻano he mea pena kiʻi opera: ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna repertoire ma luna o 80 mau haku mele. Ua ʻike ʻia kāna mau hana maikaʻi loa ʻo Don Juan, Figaro ("The Wedding of Figaro"), ʻo Boris Godunov a me Mephistopheles ("Faust").

Ma ka ʻaoʻao o Figaro, ua hoʻokō ʻo Pinza e hōʻike i ka nani a pau o nā mele a Mozart. ʻO kāna Figaro he māmā a hauʻoli, akamai a noʻonoʻo, ʻike ʻia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā manaʻo a me ka manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole.

Me ka lanakila kūikawā, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā keaka "Don Giovanni" a me "The Marriage of Figaro" i alakaʻi ʻia e Bruno Walter i ka wā kaulana ʻo Mozart Festival (1937) ma ka ʻāina hānau o ka haku mele - ma Salzburg. Mai ia manawa mai, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēlā me kēia mele ma ke ʻano o Don Giovanni a me Figaro me Pinza.

Ua mālama mau ka mea mele i ka hana a Boris Godunov me ke kuleana nui. I ka makahiki 1925, ma Mantua, hīmeni ʻo Pinza i ka ʻāpana o Boris no ka manawa mua. Akā ua hiki iā ia ke aʻo i nā mea huna a pau o ka hana nani a Mussorgsky ma ke komo ʻana i nā hana a Boris Godunov ma Metropolitan (ma ke ʻano o Pimen) me ka Chaliapin nui.

Pono wau e ʻōlelo ua mālama maikaʻi ʻo Fedor Ivanovich i kāna hoa hana Italia. Ma hope o kekahi o nā hana, ua pūliki ʻo ia iā Pinza a ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "Makemake wau i kāu Pimen, Ezio." ʻAʻole ʻike ʻo Chaliapin i kēlā manawa e lilo ʻo Pinza i hoʻoilina mua. I ka pūnāwai o 1929, ha'alele 'o Fedor Ivanovich i ka Metropolitan, a oki ka hō'ike o Boris Godunov. He ʻumi makahiki wale nō ma hope mai ua hoʻomaka hou ka hana, a ua hoʻokani ʻo Pinza i ke kuleana nui ma ia mea.

"I ke kaʻina hana o ke kiʻi, ua aʻo pono ʻo ia i nā mea pili i ka mōʻaukala Lūkini mai ka wā o Godunov, ka moʻolelo o ka mea haku mele, a me nā ʻike āpau e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ka hana. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana o ka mea mele ma ke ʻano nui o ka wehewehe ʻana a Chaliapin - ma ka hana a ka mea pena, aia ka mele a me ka palupalu i mua. Eia naʻe, ua manaʻo ka poʻe hoʻohewa i ka hana a Tsar Boris i mea nui loa o Pinza, a ma kēia ʻāpana ua lanakila maikaʻi ʻo ia, "i kākau ai ʻo VV Timokhin.

Ma mua o ke Kaua Honua II, ua hoʻokani nui ʻo Pinza ma Chicago a me Kapalakiko, ua mākaʻikaʻi ʻo ʻEnelani, Suedena, Czechoslovakia, a i ka makahiki 1936 i kipa aku ai iā Australia.

Ma hope o ke kaua, i ka makahiki 1947, hīmeni pōkole ʻo ia me kāna kaikamahine ʻo Claudia, ka mea nona ka soprano lyric. I ka makahiki 1947/48, hīmeni ʻo ia no ka manawa hope loa ma Metropolitan. I Mei 1948, me ka hana ʻana a Don Juan ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo ʻAmelika ʻo Cleveland, ua haʻi ʻo ia i ke aloha i ke kahua keaka.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā ʻaha mele a ka mea mele, kāna hana lekiō a me ke kīwī he kūleʻa maikaʻi loa. Ua hoʻokō ʻo Pinza i ka hiki ʻole - e hōʻiliʻili i iwakāluakūmāhiku tausani kānaka i hoʻokahi ahiahi ma ke kahua waho o New York "Lewison Stage"!

Mai ka makahiki 1949, hīmeni ʻo Pinza i nā operettas (Southern Ocean na Richard Rogers a me Oscar Hammerstein, Fanny na Harold Rome), hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni (Mr. Imperium (1950), Carnegie Hall (1951), This Evening we sing" (1951) .

Ma muli o ka maʻi puʻuwai, ua haʻalele ka mea pena mai nā hana lehulehu i ke kauwela o 1956.

Ua make ʻo Pinza i ka lā 9 o Mei, 1957 ma Stamford (USA).