Henri Vieuxtemps |
Henry Vieuxtemps
Wiekanama. ʻaha mele. Allegro non troppo (Jascha Heifetz) →
ʻO ka hope loa ʻo Joachim i manaʻo ʻo Vieuxtan he mea hoʻokani pilahi nui; Ua kūlou ʻo Auer i mua o Viettan, me ka mahalo nui iā ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani a haku mele. No Auer, ʻo Vietang lāua ʻo Spohr, he poʻe kahiko lākou o ke kiʻi violin, "no ka mea, ʻo kā lākou mau hana, kēlā me kēia ma ko lākou ʻano ponoʻī, he mau kumu hoʻohālike o nā kula like ʻole o ka noʻonoʻo a me ka hana mele."
He mea nui loa ka hana mōʻaukala o Vietnam i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka moʻomeheu violin ʻEulopa. He mea pena kiʻi hohonu ʻo ia, ʻike ʻia e nā manaʻo holomua, a ʻo kāna mau pono i ka hoʻolaha ʻole ʻana i nā hana e like me ka concerto violin a me nā quartets hope loa a Beethoven i kahi au i hōʻole ʻia e nā mea mele nui he mea waiwai.
Ma kēia mea, ʻo Vieuxtan ka mea mua o Laub, Joachim, Auer, ʻo ia hoʻi, kēlā mau mea hana i hōʻike i nā kumu maoli i ka hana violin i ka waena o ke kenekulia XNUMX.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Vietanne ma ke kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi o Belgian ʻo Verviers i ka lā 17 o Pepeluali, 1820. ʻO kona makuakāne, ʻo Jean-Francois Vietain, he mea hana lole ma ka ʻoihana, hoʻokani maikaʻi loa i ka violin no ka mea hoʻokani, hoʻokani pinepine i nā pāʻina a ma kahi hoʻokani pila; makuahine ʻo Marie-Albertine Vietain, mai ka ʻohana Anselm hoʻoilina - nā mea hana lima o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Verviers.
Wahi a ka moʻolelo ʻohana, i ka piha ʻana o Henri i 2 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka nui o kona uē ʻana, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaha koke ʻia e nā leo o ka violin. Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i nā mana mele, ua hoʻomaka ke keiki e aʻo i ka violin i ka wā mua. ʻO nā haʻawina mua i aʻo ʻia iā ia e kona makuakāne, akā ua ʻoi aku kāna keiki ma mua o ke akamai. A laila, hāʻawi ka makuakāne iā Henri i kekahi Leclos-Dejon, he mea hoʻokani pila oihana i noho ma Verviers. ʻO ka mea philanthropist waiwai ʻo M. Zhenin i ʻāpana pumehana i ka hopena o ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻōpio, nāna i ʻae e uku i nā haʻawina a ke keikikāne me Leclou-Dejon. Ua hiki i ke kumu a hāʻawi i ke keiki i kumu maikaʻi i ka hoʻokani pila.
I ka makahiki 1826, i ka piha ʻana o Henri i 6 mau makahiki, ua mālama ʻia kāna ʻahamele mua ma Verviers, a hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope - ʻo ka lua, ma Liege e pili ana (November 29, 1827). No ka nui o ka holomua, ua puka mai kekahi ʻatikala a M. Lansber ma ka nūpepa kūloko, e kākau mahalo ana i ke kālena kupanaha o ke keiki. ʻO ka Gretry Society, i loko o ke keʻena kahi i hanaʻia ai ka'ahamele, ua hāʻawi aku i ke keiki i kahi kakaka i hanaʻia e F. Turt, me ka palapala "Henri Vietan Gretry Society" ma keʻano he makana. Ma hope o nā ʻahamele ma Verviers a me Liege, ua makemake ʻia ke keiki prodigy e lohe ʻia ma ke kapikala Belgian. Ma Ianuali 20, 1828, hele ʻo Henri me kona makuakāne i Brussels, kahi i ʻohi hou ai ʻo ia i ka laurels. Pane ka mea paʻi i kāna mau ʻaha mele: "Courrier des Pays-Bas" a me "Journal d'Anvers" me ka hoihoi nui i nā ʻano maikaʻi o kāna pāʻani.
Wahi a nā wehewehe o nā mea kākau moʻolelo, ua ulu ʻo Viettan ma ke ʻano he keiki hauʻoli. ʻOiai ʻo ke koʻikoʻi o nā haʻawina mele, ua ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia i nā pāʻani a me nā pāʻani keiki. I ka manawa like, lanakila ke mele ma ʻaneʻi i kekahi manawa. I kekahi lā, ʻike ʻo Henri i kahi moa mea pāʻani ma ka puka makani kūʻai a loaʻa iā ia he makana. I kona hoʻi ʻana i ka home, nalowale koke ʻo ia a ʻike ʻia i mua o ka poʻe mākua 3 mau hola ma hope me kahi pepa - ʻo kāna "opus" mua kēia - "The Song of the Cockerel".
I ka wā o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Viet Tang ma ke kahua ʻoihana, ua loaʻa i kona mau mākua nā pilikia kālā. ʻI he ʻaho 4 ʻo Sepitema 1822, naʻe fāʻeleʻi ha ʻofefine ko Barbara, pea ʻi he ʻaho 5 ʻo Siulai 1828, ko ha tamaʻi, ko Jean-Joseph-Lucien. ʻElua mau keiki hou aʻe - ʻo Isidore lāua ʻo Maria, akā ua make lāua. Eia naʻe, ʻoiai me ke koena, he 5 mau kānaka ka ʻohana. No laila, ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana o Brussels, ua hāʻawi ʻia kona makuakāne e lawe iā Henri i Holland, ʻaʻole lawa kāna kālā no kēia. Pono wau e huli hou iā Zhenen no ke kōkua. ʻAʻole i hōʻole ka kahu, a hele ka makuakāne a me kāna keiki i Hague, Rotterdam a me Amsterdam.
Ma Amsterdam, hui lākou me Charles Berio. I ka lohe ʻana iā Henri, ua hauʻoli ʻo Berio i ke talena o ke keiki a hāʻawi ʻo ia e hāʻawi iā ia i nā haʻawina e pono ai ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa e neʻe i Brussels. Maʻalahi e ʻōlelo! Pono ke kālā a me ka manaʻolana o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hana e hānai ai i ka ʻohana. Ua kānalua nā mākua o Henri no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā ua lanakila ka makemake e hāʻawi i kā lāua keiki i ka hoʻonaʻauao mai kahi kumu kupaianaha e like me Berio. Ua hana ʻia ka neʻe ʻana i ka makahiki 1829.
He haumana ikaika a mahalo ʻo Henri, a ua hoʻomana nui ʻo ia i ke kumu a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻāʻo e kope iā ia. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Clever Berio i kēia. Ua hoʻopailua ʻo ia i ka epigonism a ua pale lili ʻo ia i ke kūʻokoʻa i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka mea hoʻokani pila. No laila, i loko o ka haumāna, ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i ke kanaka, e pale ana iā ia mai kona mana ponoʻī. I kona ʻike ʻana ua lilo kāna mau ʻōlelo a pau i kānāwai no Henri, ua ʻōlelo ʻino ʻo ia iā ia: "E pōʻino, inā ʻoe e kope iaʻu pēlā, e noho ʻoe iā Berio liʻiliʻi, akā pono ʻoe e lilo iā ʻoe iho."
ʻO ka manaʻo nui o Berio no ka haumāna e pili ana i nā mea a pau. I ka ʻike ʻana i ka nele o ka ʻohana Vietan, ʻimi ʻo ia i ka uku makahiki o 300 florin mai ka Mōʻī o Belgium.
Ma hope o kekahi mau mahina o nā papa, i ka makahiki 1829, lawe ʻo Berio iā Vietana i Paris. Hana pū ke kumu a me ka haumāna. Ua hoʻomaka nā mea hoʻokani pila nui o Paris e kamaʻilio e pili ana iā Viettan: "ʻO kēia keiki," i kākau aiʻo Fetis, "he kūpaʻa, hilinaʻi a me ka maʻemaʻe, he mea kupaianaha maoli no kona mau makahiki; ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia he mea hoʻokani pila.
I ka makahiki 1830, ua haʻalele ʻo Berio lāua ʻo Malibran i Italia. Noho ʻo Viet Tang me ke kumu ʻole. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā hanana kipi o ia mau makahiki i hoʻōki i ka hana ʻaha mele a Henri. Noho ʻo ia ma Brussels, kahi i hoʻoikaika nui ʻia e kāna mau hālāwai me Mademoiselle Rage, he mea hoʻokani pila akamai i hoʻolauna iā ia i nā hana a Haydn, Mozart, a me Beethoven. ʻO ia ka mea nāna i hāʻawi i ka hānau ʻana ma Vietnam o ke aloha pau ʻole no nā papa mele, no Beethoven. I ka manawa like, hoʻomaka ʻo Vietang e aʻo i ka haku mele, haku i ka Concerto no Violin a me Orchestra a me nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia kāna ʻike haumāna.
Ua maikaʻi loa ka pāʻani o Vieuxtaine i kēlā manawa a ʻo Berio, ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i kona makuakāne ʻaʻole e hāʻawi iā Henri i ke kumu a waiho iā ia iā ia iho i noʻonoʻo a hoʻolohe ʻo ia i ka pāʻani o nā mea pena kiʻi nui e like me ka hiki.
I ka hopena, ua loaʻa hou ʻo Berio i 600 francs mai ke aliʻi no Viettan, kahi i ʻae ai i ka mea hoʻokani pila e hele i Kelemānia. I Kelemānia, hoʻolohe ʻo Vietang iā Spohr, ka mea i hiki i ka apogee o ka kaulana, a me Molik a me Maiseder. I ka nīnau ʻana o ka makuakāne iā Mayseder pehea ʻo ia e ʻike ai i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hana i hana ʻia e kāna keiki, pane ʻo ia: "ʻAʻole ʻo ia e pāʻani iā lākou e like me koʻu ʻano, akā maikaʻi loa, no laila he mea weliweli ke hoʻololi i kekahi mea."
Ma Kelemānia, makemake nui ʻo Vieuxtan i nā mele a Goethe; maanei, ua ikaika loa kona aloha i ke mele a Beethoven iloko ona. I kona lohe ʻana iā "Fidelio" ma Frankfurt, ua pūʻiwa ʻo ia. "ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻike i ka manaʻo," i kākau ai ʻo ia ma hope o kāna autobiography, "ʻo kēia mele ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i koʻu ʻuhane i koʻu wā he 13 makahiki." Pīhoihoi ʻo ia no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻole ʻana o Rudolf Kreutzer i ka sonata i hoʻolaʻa ʻia iā ia e Beethoven: “… ʻo ka mea pōʻino, ka mea pena kiʻi maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokani violin maikaʻi loa e like me ia, e hele mai Paris a i Vienna ma kona mau kuli e ʻike i ke Akua. , e uku iā ia a make !"
Pēlā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka credo noʻeau o Vietanne, nāna i hana i mua o Laub lāua ʻo Joachim ka mea unuhi nui loa o ka mele a Beethoven.
Ma Vienna, hele ʻo Vietanne i nā haʻawina haku mele me Simon Zechter a hui pū me kahi hui o Beethoven admirers - Czerny, Merck, ka luna o ka conservatory Eduard Lannoy, haku mele ʻo Weigl, ka mea hoʻopuka mele ʻo Dominik Artaria. Ma Vienna, ʻo ka manawa mua loa mai ka make ʻana o Beethoven, ua hoʻokani ʻia ʻo Beethoven's Violin Concerto e Vietent. Na Lannoy i alakaʻi i ka orkestra. Ma hope o kēlā ahiahi, ua hoʻouna ʻo ia i kēia leka iā Vietang: “E ʻoluʻolu e ʻoluʻolu i kaʻu hoʻomaikaʻi ma ke ʻano hou, kumu a me ke ʻano kuʻuna like me kāu i hoʻokani ai i ka Beethoven's Violin Concerto i nehinei ma ka Concert spirituel. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻoe i ke ʻano o kēia hana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hana nui a kekahi o kā mākou haku nui. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ke kani āu i hāʻawi ai i ka cantabile, ka ʻuhane āu i hoʻokomo ai i ka hana a ka Andante, ka hilinaʻi a me ka paʻa āu i pāʻani ai i nā pauku paʻakikī loa i hoʻopiha i kēia ʻāpana, ʻōlelo nā mea āpau i kahi talena kiʻekiʻe, hōʻike nā mea āpau. he ʻōpio ʻo ia, kokoke i ka launa pū ʻana me ka wā kamaliʻi , he mea pena kiʻi nui ʻoe i mahalo i kāu mea pāʻani, hiki ke hāʻawi i kēlā me kēia ʻano i kona ʻano ponoʻī, a hele aku ma mua o ka makemake e kāhāhā i nā mea hoʻolohe me nā pilikia. Hoʻohui ʻoe i ka paʻa o ke kakaka, ka hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻana i nā pilikia nui loa, ka ʻuhane, me ka ʻole o ka hana akamai ʻole, me ka noʻonoʻo e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka manaʻo o ka haku mele, me ka ʻono nani e mālama ai i ka mea pena mai ka hoʻopunipuni o kona noʻonoʻo. Ua kākau ʻia kēia leka ma Malaki 17, 1834, ʻo Viet Tang he 14 mau makahiki wale nō!
Eia hou - nā lanakila hou. Ma hope o Prague a me Dresden - Leipzig, kahi e hoʻolohe ai ʻo Schumann iā ia, a laila - London, kahi i hui ai ʻo ia me Paganini. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻo Schumann i kāna pāʻani me Paganini a hoʻopau i kāna ʻatikala me nā huaʻōlelo penei: "Mai ka leo mua a hiki i ka leo hope āna i hana ai mai kāna mea kani, mālama ʻo Vietanne iā ʻoe i loko o kahi pōʻai kilokilo, pani ʻia a puni ʻoe i ʻike ʻole ʻoe i kahi hoʻomaka. a i ʻole ka hopena. "E lilo ana keia keiki i kanaka nui," wahi a Paganini nona.
Hele pū ka holomua me Viettan i kona ola ʻana. Ua hoʻoinu ʻia ʻo ia me nā pua, ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā mele nona, ua hoʻomana kiʻi ʻia ʻo ia. Nui nā hihia ʻakaʻaka e pili ana me nā huakaʻi ʻaha mele o Viet Tang. I kekahi manawa ma Giera ua hālāwai ʻo ia me ke anu ʻokoʻa. ʻIke ʻia ma mua koke o ka hōʻea ʻana mai o Viettan, ua ʻike ʻia kahi mea hoʻokalakupua ma Giera, i kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Vietan, hoʻolimalima i kahi lumi ma ka hōkele maikaʻi loa no nā lā ʻewalu, holo i ka moku moku, noho ʻo ia me ka hōʻole ʻole iā ia iho i kekahi mea, a laila, kono aku i nā mea aloha i ka hōkele " e nānā i ka hōʻiliʻili o kāna mau mea hana", holo, "poina" e uku i ka bila.
I ka makahiki 1835-1836 noho ʻo Vieuxtan ma Palika, hana ikaika i ka haku mele ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Reich. I ka piha ʻana o kona mau makahiki he 17, ua haku ʻo ia i ka Second Violin Concerto (fis-moll), kahi lanakila nui me ka lehulehu.
I ka makahiki 1837, ua hele mua ʻo ia i Rusia, akā ua hōʻea ʻo ia i St. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia kāna ʻōlelo. Ua hoihoi ʻo Rusia iā ia. I kona hoʻi ʻana i Brussels, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻomākaukau pono no ka huakaʻi lua i ko mākou ʻāina. I kona hele ʻana i St. Petersburg, ua maʻi ʻo ia a noho ʻo 23 mahina ma Narva. Ua lanakila nā ʻaha mele ma St. Petersburg i kēia manawa. Ua mālama ʻia lākou ma Malaki 8, 3 a me ʻApelila 15 (OS), 22. Ua kākau ʻo V. Odoevsky e pili ana i kēia mau ʻahamele.
No nā kau ʻelua e hiki mai ana, hāʻawi hou ʻo Viettan i nā ʻahamele ma St. I kona maʻi ʻana ma Narva, ua hāpai ʻia ka "Fantasy-Caprice" a me ka Concerto ma E major, i kēia manawa ʻo ka Concerto Vietana no ka violin a me ka orchestra. ʻO kēia mau hana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka concerto, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi i ka wā mua o ka hana a Vieuxtan. Ua mālama ʻia kā lākou "hoʻomaka mua" ma St. Petersburg i ka lā 4/10 o Malaki, 1840, a i ka wā i hoʻokani ʻia ai lākou ma Brussels i Iulai, ua piʻi ʻo Berio hauʻoli i luna o ke kahua a kaomi i kāna haumāna i kona umauma. Ua loaʻa iā Bayot lāua ʻo Berlioz ka ʻahamele ma Palika i ka makahiki 1841 me ka emi ʻole o ka hoihoi.
"He hana nani kāna Concerto ma E major," i kākau ai ʻo Berlioz, "nani ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻopiha ʻia me nā kikoʻī leʻaleʻa ma ka ʻāpana nui a ma ka orkestra, i hoʻokani ʻia me ke akamai nui. ʻAʻole i poina ʻia kekahi ʻano o ka mea hoʻokani pila, ka mea ʻike ʻole ʻia, i kāna helu; ua hana ʻo ia i nā mea a pau e ʻōlelo i kekahi mea "ʻala". Ua loaʻa iā ia ka hopena maikaʻi loa ma ka mahele o nā violins, i māhele ʻia i 3-4 mau ʻāpana me ka viola i ka bass, e pāʻani ana i ka tremolo i ka wā e hele pū ana me ke alakaʻi violin solo. He hoʻokipa hou a nani. ʻO ka mōʻī wahine-violin e lele ana ma luna o ka mea hoʻokani haʻalulu liʻiliʻi a hana ʻoe i ka moeʻuhane ʻoluʻolu, ʻoiai ʻoe e moeʻuhane i ka mālie o ka pō ma kahakai o ka loko.
Ke hōʻike ʻia ka mahina haʻalulu i ka nalu ʻO kāu peʻa kālā .. "
I ka makahiki 1841, ʻo Vieuxtan ka protagonist o nā ʻaha mele a pau o Parisian. ʻO ka mea kālai kiʻi ʻo Dantier i hana i ka bust iā ia, hāʻawi ka impresario iā ia i nā ʻaelike maikaʻi loa. I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, hoʻohana ʻo Viettan i kona ola ma ke alanui: Holland, Austria, Kelemānia, USA a me Kanada, ʻEulopa hou, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. kahiko!).
I hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua, i ka makahiki 1844, ua hoʻololi nui ʻia i ke ola o Vieuxtan - ua male ʻo ia i ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻo Josephine Eder. ʻO Josephine, he kamaʻāina o Viena, he wahine naʻauao i mākaukau ma ka ʻōlelo Kelemānia, Palani, Pelekane, Latina. He pianist maikaʻi loa ʻo ia a, mai ka manawa o kāna male ʻana, lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻokani pila mau o Viet-Gang. Ua hauʻoli ko lākou ola. Ua hoʻomana aku ʻo Viettan i kāna wahine, nāna i pane aku iā ia me ka manaʻo ikaika ʻole.
I ka makahiki 1846, ua loaʻa iā Vieuxtan kahi kono mai St. Petersburg e pani i kahi o ka hale hoʻokolokolo soloist a me ka soloist o nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni imperial. Pela i hoomaka ai ka manawa nui loa o kona ola ana ma Rusia. Noho 'o ia ma Petersburg a hiki i ka makahiki 1852. 'Opio, piha i ka ikehu, ho'omohala 'o ia i ke ola ikaika - hā'awi 'o ia i nā 'aha mele, a'o 'o ia ma nā papa mea kani o ke Kula Keaka, ho'okani 'o ia ma nā quartets o nā hale mele mele o St.
"ʻO nā helu o Vielgorsky," i kākau ai ʻo Lenz, "ua huki iā Viettan iā St. Petersburg. ʻo ia, he virtuoso nui, mākaukau mau e pāʻani i nā mea āpau - ʻo Haydn lāua ʻo Beethoven quartets hope loa, ʻoi aku ke kūʻokoʻa i ka hale keaka a ʻoi aku ka manuahi no nā mele quartet. He manawa kupanaha ia, no kekahi mau mahina hoʻoilo, ma ka hale o Count Stroganov, kahi kokoke loa iā Viet Temps, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻolohe i nā quartets ʻekolu manawa o ka pule.
Ua haʻalele ʻo Odoevsky i ka wehewehe ʻana o hoʻokahi concerto na Vietanne me ka mea hoʻokani pila Belgian Servais ma Counts of Vielgorsky: “… ʻAʻole lākou i pāʻani like no ka manawa lōʻihi: ʻaʻohe orkestra; mele pū kekahi; ʻelua a ʻekolu mau malihini. A laila hoʻomaka kā mākou mau mea pena kaulana e hoʻomanaʻo i kā lākou mau duets i kākau ʻia me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokani ʻana. Hoʻonoho ʻia lākou ma hope o ke keʻena, ua pani ʻia nā puka no nā malihini ʻē aʻe a pau; Ua hoʻomanaʻo ko mākou mau mea pena kiʻi i kā lākou Fantasia no ka opera a Meyerbeer ʻo Les Huguenots ... ke ʻano maoli o nā mea kani, ka piha o ka hana ʻana, ma muli o nā memo pālua a i ʻole ka neʻe akamai. ʻO nā leo, ʻo ka hopena, ʻo ka ikaika kupaianaha a me ka pololei o nā mea pena kiʻi ʻelua i nā huli leo paʻakikī loa i hoʻopuka i kahi leo maikaʻi loa; ma mua o ko makou mau maka i hala aku ai keia keaka kupanaha me kona mau aka; Ua hoʻokaʻawale loa mākou i ka hīmeni ʻana mai ka ʻino i piʻi mai ma ka ʻaha mele; eia na leo o ke aloha, eia na leo oolea o ka oli Lutheran, eia na leo uwalaau o ka poe pupule, eia ka leo leo o ka leo walaau. Ua hahai ka noʻonoʻo i kēia mau hoʻomanaʻo a hoʻohuli iā lākou i mea maoli.
No ka manawa mua ma St. Petersburg, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Vietang i nā ahiahi quartet hāmama. Ua lawe lākou i ke ʻano o nā ʻaha mele a hāʻawi ʻia i loko o ka hale kula ma hope o ka German Peter-kirche ma Nevsky Prospekt. ʻO ka hopena o kāna hana hoʻonaʻauao - nā haumāna Lūkini - Prince Nikolai Yusupov, Valkov, Pozansky a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻo Vietang e hoʻokaʻawale me Rusia, akā i ke kauwela o 1852, i kona noho ʻana ma Paris, ua koi ka maʻi o kāna wahine iā ia e hoʻopau i kāna ʻaelike me St. Ua kipa hou ʻo ia iā Rūsia i ka makahiki 1860, akā ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani mele.
Ma St. Petersburg, ua kākau ʻo ia i kāna ʻaha mele ʻehā a me ka hoʻokani pila ma D minor. ʻO ke ʻano hou o kona ʻano ʻaʻole i ʻaʻa ʻo Vieuxtan e pāʻani i mua o ka lehulehu no ka manawa lōʻihi a hana ʻia ma Paris wale nō i ka makahiki 1851. Ua nui ka lanakila. ʻO ka mea haku mele kaulana ʻo Austrian a me ka mea hoʻokalakupua ʻo Arnold Schering, nona nā hana i komo i ka History of the Instrumental Concerto, ʻoiai ʻo kona ʻano kānalua i nā mele mea kani Farani, ʻike pū ʻo ia i ka manaʻo hou o kēia hana: ma hope o List. No ka mea, ʻo kāna mea i hāʻawi ai ma hope o kāna concerto "infantile" ma fis-moll (No. 2) ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea waiwai loa ma ka palapala violin Romanesque. ʻO ka hapa mua loa o kāna concerto E-dur ma mua o Baio a me Berio. Ma ka concerto d-moll, aia i mua o mākou he hana i pili i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia ʻano. ʻAʻole me ke kanalua, ua hoʻoholo ka haku mele e hoʻopuka. Makaʻu ʻo ia e hoʻāla kūʻē me ke ʻano hou o kāna concerto. I ka manawa i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai nā concerto a Liszt, hiki i kēia ʻaha mele Vieuxtan ke hoʻāla i ka hoʻohewa. No laila, ma ke ʻano he haku mele, ʻo Vietang ma ke ʻano he mea hana hou.
Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana iā Rusia, ua hoʻomaka hou ke ola auwana. I ka makahiki 1860, hele ʻo Vietang i Suedena, a mai laila aku a Baden-Baden, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e kākau i ka Concerto Fifth, i manaʻo ʻia no kahi hoʻokūkū i mālama ʻia e Huber Leonard ma ka Conservatory Brussels. ʻO Leonard, i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻaha mele, ua pane ʻo ia me kahi leka (ʻApelila 10, 1861), a ma laila ʻo ia i hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ai iā Vieuxtan, me ka manaʻo ʻana, koe ka Adagio o ka ʻEkolu Concerto, ʻo ka ʻElima ka mea maikaʻi loa iā ia. “ʻOliʻoli paha kā mākou kahiko ʻo Grétry no ka ʻaʻahu nani o kāna mele 'Lucille'." Ua hoʻouna ʻo Fetis i kahi leka hoihoi e pili ana i ka ʻaha mele iā Viettan, a ua paʻi ʻo Berlioz i kahi ʻatikala nui ma ka Journal de Debas.
I ka makahiki 1868, ua kaumaha nui ʻo Viet Tang - ka make ʻana o kāna wahine i make i ke kolera. Ua hoʻopūʻiwa ka pohō iā ia. Ua hele ʻo ia i nā huakaʻi lōʻihi e poina iā ia iho. I kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka manawa o ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe o kāna hoʻomohala kiʻi. ʻO kāna pāʻani pāʻani me ka piha, ke kāne a me ka hoʻoikaika. ʻO ka ʻeha noʻonoʻo me he mea lā ua hāʻawi ʻoi aku ka hohonu iā ia.
Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano o ka manaʻo o Viettan i kēlā manawa ma kāna leka i hoʻouna aku ai iā N. Yusupov i ka lā 15 o Dekemaba, 1871. "Ua noʻonoʻo pinepine wau iā ʻoe, e ke aliʻi aloha, i kāu wahine, i nā manawa hauʻoli me ʻoe a me ʻoe. ma na kapa nani o ka Moika a i ole ma Parisa, Ostend a me Vienna. He manawa kupanaha ia, he opiopio au, a oiai aole keia ka hoomaka ana o ko'u ola ana, aka, o ka la nui o ko'u ola ana; wā o ka mohala piha. Ma kahi huaʻōlelo, hauʻoli wau, a pili mau ka hoʻomanaʻo iā ʻoe me kēia mau manawa hauʻoli. A i kēia manawa he kala ʻole koʻu noho ʻana. Ua hala ka mea nana i hoonani, a ua ulu au, auwana a puni ka honua, aka, aia ko'u manao ma kela aoao. Mahalo i ka lani, akā, hauʻoli wau i kaʻu mau keiki. He ʻenekinia kaʻu keiki a ua wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia kāna ʻoihana. Noho kaʻu kaikamahine me aʻu, he puʻuwai maikaʻi kona, a ke kali nei ʻo ia i kahi mea hiki ke mahalo. ʻO ia wale nō koʻu pilikino. ʻO koʻu ola noʻeau, ua like nō ia me ka wā maʻamau – ka hele ʻana, ka haunaele ... i kēia manawa he polopeka au ma ka Conservatory Brussels. Hoʻololi ia i koʻu ola a me kaʻu misionari. Mai kahi aloha, huli au i kahi pedant, i loko o ka mea hana e pili ana i nā lula o tir et pousser.
ʻO ka hana aʻoaʻo a Viettan ma Brussels, i hoʻomaka ʻia i ka makahiki 1870, ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia (ʻo ia ka mea e ʻōlelo ai ua haʻalele ka violinist nui ʻo Eugene Ysaye i kāna papa). ʻAʻole koke, ua hāʻule mai kahi pōʻino weliweli hou ma luna o Viet Tang - ua ʻōleʻa kona lima ʻākau i ka puʻu hopohopo. ʻO nā hana a nā kauka e hoʻihoʻi i ka neʻe ʻana i ka lima ʻaʻole i alakaʻi i kekahi mea. No kekahi manawa ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Viettan e aʻo, akā ua holomua ka maʻi, a i ka makahiki 1879 ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka conservatory.
Noho ʻo Vietanne ma kona ʻāina kokoke i Algiers; ua hoʻopuni ʻia ʻo ia e ka mālama ʻana o kāna kaikamahine a me kāna hūnōna kāne, hele mai nā mea mele he nui iā ia, hana ʻo ia me ka feverishly i nā haku mele, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻokaʻawale i kāna kiʻi aloha me ka hana. Eia naʻe, nāwaliwali kona ikaika. Ma ʻAukake 18, 1880, ua kākau ʻo ia i kekahi o kona mau hoa: “Eia, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia pūnāwai, ua maopopo iaʻu ka lapuwale o koʻu manaʻolana. He mea kanu au, ai mau au a inu, a he oiaio no, e mau ana ko'u poo, ua moakaka ko'u manao, aka, ke ike nei au e emi ana ko'u ikaika i na la a pau. Nawaliwali loa ko'u mau wawae, haalulu ko'u mau kuli, a me ka pilikia loa, e kuu hoa, hiki ia'u ke kaapuni i ka mahinaai, e hilinai ana ma kekahi aoao ma kekahi lima ikaika, a ma kekahi ma kuu laau.
Ma Iune 6, 1881, ua hala ʻo Viet-Gang. Ua lawe ʻia kona kino i Verviers a kanu ʻia ma laila me kahi hui nui o nā kānaka.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Viet Tang a hoʻomaka i kāna hana i nā makahiki 30-40. Ma o nā kūlana o ka hoʻonaʻauao ma o Lecloux-Dejon a me Berio, ua pili paʻa ʻo ia me nā kuʻuna o ke kula violin Farani kahiko o Viotti-Bayo-Rode, akā i ka manawa like ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka mana ikaika o ke kiʻi aloha. ʻAʻole ma kahi o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka mana pololei o Berio a, ʻo ka hope, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Vieuxtan he Beethovenian makemake nui. No laila, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kāna mau kumu noʻeau ma muli o ka assimilation o nā ʻano aesthetic like ʻole.
"I ka wā ma mua, he haumāna no Berio, ʻaʻole naʻe ʻo ia no kāna kula, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e like me nā violinist a mākou i lohe ai ma mua," i kākau ai lākou e pili ana iā Vieuxtan ma hope o nā ʻahamele ma Lākana i ka makahiki 1841. Inā hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa kahi mele mele. i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, e ʻōlelo mākou ʻo ia ka Beethoven o nā violinists kaulana a pau.
ʻO V. Odoevsky, i ka hoʻolohe ʻana iā Viettan i ka makahiki 1838, kuhikuhi ʻo ia (a pololei loa!) i nā moʻomeheu Viotti i ka Concerto Mua āna i hoʻokani ai: "ʻO kāna concerto, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i kahi ʻohana Viotti nani, akā ua hoʻōla hou ʻia e nā hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ka pāʻani. pono e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia. Ma ke ʻano hana o Vietanne, hakakā mau nā loina o ke kula Farani kahiko me nā mea aloha. Ua kapa pololei ʻo V. Odoevsky iā ia "he mea hauʻoli ma waena o ka classicism a me ka romanticism."
ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia ʻo Vietang he aloha i kāna ʻimi ʻana i ka virtuosity ʻulaʻula, akā he ʻano maʻamau nō hoʻi ʻo ia i kāna ʻano pāʻani kāne haʻahaʻa, kahi kumu e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i ka manaʻo. Ua hoʻoholo maopopo ʻia kēia, a ʻo ia hoʻi e ke ʻōpio Viettan, ma hope o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i kāna pāʻani, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Odoevsky e aloha ʻo ia: “Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻakaʻaka - ʻo kāna pāʻani e like me ke kiʻi kahiko i hana ʻia me ka nani a me nā ʻano poepoe; ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia, hopu ʻo ia i nā maka o ka mea pena, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoukou a pau ke hoʻohālikelike i nā kiʻi me ka nani, akā. e ola ana wahine. Hōʻike nā ʻōlelo a Odoevsky i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻokō ʻo Viettan i ke ʻano kiʻi kiʻi alualu ʻia o ke ʻano mele i ka wā i hana ai ʻo ia i kēia a i kēlā hana, i hoʻāla ai i ka hui ʻana me ke kiʻi.
"Vietanne," i kākau ai ka mea hoʻohewa Palani ʻo P. Scyudo, "hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke ʻano o nā virtuosos o ka pae mua… He violinist koʻikoʻi kēia, ʻo ke ʻano hanohano, sonority ikaika ...". ʻO kona kokoke loa i ka classicism ua hōʻike pū ʻia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma mua o Laub lāua ʻo Joachim, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he mea unuhi ʻole o ka mele a Beethoven. No ka nui o kona hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka romanticism, ʻo ke ʻano maoli o kona ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila, ua mamao loa ia mai ka romanticism; ua hoʻokokoke ʻo ia i ka romanticism, e like me ke ʻano "fashionable". Akā ʻo ia ka hiʻohiʻona ʻaʻole ʻo ia i komo i kekahi o nā ʻano aloha o kona au. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻokoʻa kūloko me ka manawa, ʻo ia paha ke kumu o ka duality kaulana o kāna mau makemake aesthetic, i hana ai iā ia, ʻoiai ʻo kona kaiapuni, e hoʻohanohano iā Beethoven, a ma Beethoven ka mea i mamao loa mai ka romantics.
Ua kākau ʻo Vietang i 7 violin a me cello concerto, he nui nā manaʻo, sonatas, bow quartets, miniatures concert, kahi salon, etc. ʻO ka hapa nui o kāna mau haku mele he ʻano maʻamau o nā palapala virtuoso-romantic o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Vietang i ka virtuosity maikaʻi a hoʻoikaika ʻo ia i kahi ʻano ʻaha mele ʻālohilohi i kāna hana hana. Ua kākau ʻo Auer ʻo kāna mau concerto "a me kāna mau mele bravura maikaʻi loa i nā manaʻo mele nani, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka quintessence o nā mele virtuoso."
Akā, ʻaʻole like ka maikaʻi o nā hana a Vietanne ma nā wahi āpau: i ka nani palupalu o ka Fantasy-Caprice, hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia i ka nui o Berio, i ka Concerto Mua e hahai ʻo ia iā Viotti, akā naʻe, e koi ana i nā palena o ka virtuosity kahiko a me ka hoʻolako ʻana i kēia hana me. mea kani aloha kala. ʻO ka mea aloha loa ʻo ia ka ʻEhā Concerto, kahi i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻino a me ke ʻano hana keaka o nā cadenzas, aʻo nā mele ariose e pili pono ana i nā mele operatic a Gounod-Halévy. A laila aia nā ʻāpana ʻaha mele virtuoso - "Reverie", Fantasia Appassionata, "Ballad and Polonaise", "Tarantella", etc.
Ua mahalo nui ka poʻe o kēia wā i kāna hana. Ua haʻi mua mākou i nā loiloi e Schumann, Berlioz a me nā mea mele ʻē aʻe. A i kēia lā, ʻaʻole e haʻi i ka haʻawina, i loaʻa nā pāʻani a me nā ʻahamele a Viet Temps, hoʻokani mau ʻia kāna Concerto ʻEhā e Heifetz, e hōʻike ana i kēia manawa ke ola maoli nei kēia mele.
L. Raaben, 1967
