Giovanni Battista Viotti |
ʻO Giovanni Battista Viotti
He mea paʻakikī i kēia manawa ke noʻonoʻo i ka mea kaulana ʻo Viotti i hauʻoli ai i kona wā e ola ana. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi manawa holoʻokoʻa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana violin honua me kona inoa; He ʻano maʻamau ʻo ia e ana a loiloi ʻia ai ka poʻe violinists, nā hanauna o nā mea hoʻokani i aʻo ʻia mai kāna mau hana, ʻo kāna concerto i lilo i kumu hoʻohālike no ka poʻe haku mele. ʻOiai ʻo Beethoven, i ka wā i hana ai i ka Violin Concerto, ua alakaʻi ʻia e Viotti's Twentieth Concerto.
He ʻItalia ma ka lāhui, ua lilo ʻo Viotti i poʻo o ke kula violin classic French, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kiʻi cello Farani. Ma kahi nui, hele mai ʻo Jean-Louis Duport Jr. (1749-1819) mai Viotti, e hoʻoili ana i nā kumu nui o ka violinist kaulana i ka cello. ʻO Rode, Baio, Kreutzer, nā haumāna a me nā mea mahalo o Viotti, ua hoʻolaʻa i kēia mau laina hoihoi iā ia i kā lākou Kula: ma ka lima o nā haku nui loaʻa kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, a lākou i makemake ai e hāʻawi. Maʻalahi a melodic ma lalo o nā manamana lima o Corelli; lokahi, akahai, piha i ka lokomaikai malalo o ke kakaka o Tartini; oluolu a maemae ma Gavignier; hanohano a hanohano ma Punyani; piha i ke ahi, piha i ka wiwo ole, ka minamina, nui i ka lima o Viotti, ua hiki aku la oia i ka hemolele e hoike aku i na kuko me ka ikaika a me kela hanohano e hoopaa ai i kona wahi e noho ai a wehewehe i kona mana maluna o ka uhane.
Ua hānauʻiaʻo Viotti ma ka lā 23 o Mei, 1753 ma ke kūlanakauhaleʻo Fontanetto, kokoke i Crescentino, ka moku Piedmontese, i loko o kaʻohana o ka meaʻeleʻele iʻike i ka hoʻokani pila. Ua loaʻa i ke keiki kāna mau haʻawina mele mua mai kona makuakāne. Ua hōʻike mua ʻia nā mana mele o ke keikikāne, i ka makahiki 8. Ua kūʻai aku kona makuakāne iā ia i violin ma ka hale kūʻai, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo Viotti ʻōpio e aʻo mai ia mea, ʻo ia ka mea aʻo ponoʻī. Loaʻa kekahi mau pōmaikaʻi mai kāna aʻo ʻana me ka mea hoʻokani lute ʻo Giovannini, ka mea i noho ma ko lākou kauhale no hoʻokahi makahiki. He 11 makahiki o Viotti. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Giovannini ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila, akā ʻo ka manawa pōkole o kā lākou hālāwai e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi nui iā Viotti.
I ka makahiki 1766 ua hele ʻo Viotti i Turin. Ua hoʻolauna ʻo Pavia iā ia i ka Bishop o Strombia, a ua lilo kēia hālāwai i mea maikaʻi no ka mea hoʻokani pila. No kona hoihoi i ke talena o ka violinist, ua hoʻoholo ka pīhopa e kōkua iā ia a paipai iā Marquis de Voghera, ka mea e ʻimi nei i "hoa aʻo" no kāna keikikāne 18 makahiki, ʻo Prince della Cisterna. I kēlā manawa, he mea maʻamau i nā hale aliʻi ke lawe i kahi kanaka ʻōpio akamai i loko o ko lākou hale i mea e kōkua ai i ka ulu ʻana o kā lākou mau keiki. Noho ʻo Viotti ma ka hale o ke aliʻi a hoʻouna ʻia e aʻo me ka Punyani kaulana. Ma hope mai, ua haʻaheo ʻo Prince della Cisterna i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o Viotti me Pugnani iā ia ma mua o 20000 francs: "Akā ʻaʻole au e mihi i kēia kālā. ʻAʻole hiki ke uku nui ʻia ke ola ʻana o ia mea pena.
ʻO Pugnani maikaʻi loa i ka pāʻani a Viotti, hoʻohuli iā ia i haku piha. Ua aloha nui ʻia ʻo ia i kāna haumāna akamai, no ka mea, i kona mākaukau mākaukau, ua lawe pū ʻo ia iā ia ma kahi huakaʻi ʻahamele i nā kūlanakauhale o ʻEulopa. Ua hana ʻia kēia ma 1780. Ma mua o ka huakaʻi, mai 1775, hana ʻo Viotti i ka orchestra o ka hale pule ʻo Turin.
Ua hāʻawi ʻo Viotti i nā ʻahamele ma Geneva, Bern, Dresden, Berlin a hiki i St. Petersburg, kahi naʻe, ʻaʻohe ona hana lehulehu; Ua hoʻokani wale ʻo ia ma ka hale aliʻi, i hāʻawi ʻia e Potemkin iā Catherine II. Ua mālama ʻia nā ʻaha mele a ka ʻōpio violinist me ka holomua mau a i ka wā i hōʻea ai ʻo Viotti i Paris ma kahi o 1781, ua kaulana kona inoa.
Ua hui ʻo Paris me Viotti me kahi ʻino o nā pūʻali kaiaulu. Ua ola ʻo Absolutism i kona mau makahiki hope loa, ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā ʻōlelo ahi ma nā wahi a pau, ua hoʻohauʻoli nā manaʻo democratic i nā manaʻo. ʻAʻole ʻo Viotti i hoʻomau i ka manaʻo ʻole i ka mea e hana nei. Ua hauʻoli ʻo ia i nā manaʻo o ka poʻe encyclopedists, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Rousseau, kahi i kūlou ai i mua o ke koena o kona ola.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole paʻa ka ʻike honua o ka mea hoʻokani pila; ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kāna moʻolelo. Ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ua hana ʻo ia i nā hana o kahi mea hoʻokani pila, ma mua me ka Prince Gamenet, a laila me ke Prince of Soubise, a ma hope me Marie Antoinette. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Heron Allen i nā ʻōlelo kūpaʻa a Viotti mai kāna moʻolelo pilikino. Ma hope o ka hana mua ma mua o Marie Antoinette i ka makahiki 1784, "Ua hoʻoholo wau," i kākau ai ʻo Viotti, "ʻaʻole e kamaʻilio hou i ka lehulehu a hāʻawi iaʻu iho i ka lawelawe a kēia mōʻī. Ma ke ano he uku, ua kuai mai oia ia'u, i ka noho ana o Kuhina Colonna, he penihana he 150 paona.
Loaʻa pinepine nā moʻolelo o Viotti i nā moʻolelo e hōʻike ana i kona haʻaheo noʻeau, ʻaʻole i ʻae iā ia e kūlou i mua o nā mana. Ko e fa‘ifa‘itaki‘anga ‘a Fayol, ‘oku lau: “Na‘e fie ma‘u ‘e Marie Antoinette ‘a Viotti ke ‘alu ki Versailles. Ua hiki mai ka la o ka ahamele. Hele mai na kahu a pau a hoomaka ka ahamele. ʻO nā pahu mua loa o ka solo i hoʻāla ʻia i ka manaʻo nui, i ka manawa i lohe ʻia ai kahi leo leo ma ke keʻena aʻe: "He wahi no Monsignor Comte d'Artois!". Iloko o ka huikau, lalau aku la o Viotti i ka violin ma kona lima a hele aku la iwaho, a haalele iho la i ka pa hale a pau, me ka hilahila nui o ka poe i hele mai. A eia kekahi hihia, i haʻi pū ʻia e Fayol. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia ma ka hōʻike ʻana o ka haʻaheo o kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa - he kanaka o ka "kolu waiwai". I ka makahiki 1790, noho kekahi lala o ka Ahaolelo Lahui, he hoa o Viotti, ma kekahi o na hale o Parisa ma ka papahele elima. Ua ʻae ka mea hoʻokani pila kaulana e hāʻawi i ka ʻahamele ma kona home. E hoʻomaopopo i ka noho wale ʻana o ka poʻe aristocrats ma nā papa haʻahaʻa o nā hale. I ka ʻike ʻana o Viotti ua kono ʻia kekahi mau aliʻi aliʻi a me nā wahine kiʻekiʻe i kāna ʻaha mele, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "Ua kūlou mākou iā lākou, ʻānō e ala mai lākou iā mākou."
Ma Malaki 15, 1782, ua hōʻike mua ʻia ʻo Viotti i mua o ka lehulehu o Parisa ma kahi ʻahamele hāmama ma ka Concert spirituel. He hui ʻaha mele kahiko ia i pili nui me nā poʻe aristocratic a me ka bourgeoisie nui. I ka manawa o ka hana a Viotti, ua hoʻokūkū ka Concert spirituel (Spiritual Concert) me nā "Concerts of Amateurs" (Concerts des Amateurs), i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1770 e Gossec a ua kapa hou ʻia i ka makahiki 1780 i loko o ka "Concerts of the Olympic Lodge" ("Concerts de la Loge Olimpique”). Ua ʻākoakoa ʻia kahi anaina bourgeois nui ma ʻaneʻi. Akā naʻe, a hiki i kona pani ʻana i ka makahiki 1796, ʻo ka "Concert spiriuel" ka hale ʻaha mele nui a kaulana i ka honua. No laila, ʻo ka hana a Viotti i loko o ia mea ua hoʻohuli koke i ka manaʻo iā ia. Ua ʻōlelo ka luna hoʻomalu o ka Concert spirituel Legros (1739-1793), ma kahi palapala i kākau ʻia i ka lā Malaki 24, 1782, "me ka ʻahamele i mālama ʻia ma ka Lāpule, ua hoʻoikaika ʻo Viotti i ka kaulana nui i loaʻa iā ia ma Farani."
I ke kiʻekiʻe o kona kaulana, ua hoʻōki koke ʻo Viotti i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻaha mele lehulehu. Ua wehewehe ʻo Eimar, ka mea kākau o Viotti's Anecdotes, i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo ma muli o ka hoʻowahāwahā ʻana o ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka lehulehu, ka poʻe i ʻike ʻole i ka mele. Eia naʻe, e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai mai ka moʻolelo autobiography o ka mea hoʻokani pila, wehewehe ʻo Viotti i kona hōʻole ʻana i nā ʻaha mele lehulehu e nā kuleana o ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Marie Antoinette, nona kāna lawelawe i hoʻoholo ai i kēlā manawa e hāʻawi iā ia iho.
Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kūʻē kekahi i kekahi. Ua hoʻopailua maoli ʻia ʻo Viotti i ke ʻano o ka ʻono o ka lehulehu. I ka makahiki 1785, ua hoa pili loa oia me Cherubini. Noho pū lāua ma rue Michodière, ʻaʻole. 8; Ua hele pinepine ʻia ko lākou wahi noho e nā mea hoʻokani pila a me nā mea hoʻokani pila. I mua o kēlā anaina, ua pāʻani ʻo Viotti me ka makemake.
Ma ka pō o ke kipi, i ka makahiki 1789, ua hoʻonohonoho ka Count of Provence, ke kaikunāne o ke aliʻi, me Leonard Otier, ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa lauoho ʻoihana a Marie Antoinette, i ka King's Brother Theatre, e kono ana iā Martini lāua ʻo Viotti i mau alakaʻi. Ua makemake mau ʻo Viotti i nā ʻano hana hoʻonohonoho āpau a, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua pau kēia i ka hāʻule ʻole iā ia. I loko o ka Hale Tuileries, ua hoʻomaka e hāʻawi ʻia nā hana ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni Italia a me Palani, ka hoʻohenehene ma ka prose, nā mele a me ka vaudeville. ʻO ke kikowaena o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni hou ʻo ia ka hui opera Italia, i hānai ʻia e Viotti, nāna i hoʻomaka e hana me ka hoihoi. Eia naʻe, ʻo ke kipi ka mea i hāʻule ai ka hale keaka. ʻO Martini "i ka manawa kūpilikiʻi loa o ke kipi ua koi ʻia e hūnā i mea e poina ai kona pilina me ka ʻaha." ʻAʻole maikaʻi nā mea me Viotti: "Ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i nā mea āpau i loaʻa iaʻu i ka ʻoihana o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Italia, ua loaʻa iaʻu ka makaʻu weliweli i ka hiki ʻana mai o kēia kahawai weliweli. Pehea ka nui o ka pilikia i loaʻa iaʻu a me kaʻu mau hana e hana ai e puka i waho o kahi pilikia! Hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Viotti i kāna autobiography i haʻi ʻia e E. Heron-Allen.
A hiki i kekahi manawa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hanana, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Viotti e paʻa. Ua hōʻole ʻo ia i ka neʻe ʻana a me ka ʻaʻahu ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu o ka National Guard, ua noho ʻo ia me ka hale keaka. Ua pani ʻia ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka makahiki 1791, a laila ua hoʻoholo ʻo Viotti e haʻalele iā Farani. I ka pō o ka hopu ʻia ʻana o ka ʻohana aliʻi, ua holo ʻo ia mai Parisa a hiki i Lākana, kahi i hōʻea ai i Iulai 21 a i ʻole 22, 1792. Maanei ua hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia ʻo ia. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, i Iulai 1793, ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e hele i Italia e pili ana i ka make ʻana o kona makuahine a e mālama i kona mau kaikunāne, he mau keiki. Eia naʻe, ʻōlelo ʻo Riemann e pili ana ka huakaʻi a Viotti i kona ʻāina hānau me kona makemake e ʻike i kona makuakāne, a ua make koke. ʻO kekahi ala a i ʻole kekahi, akā ma waho o ʻEnelani, ʻo Viotti a hiki i 1794, ua kipa ʻo ia i kēia manawa ʻaʻole ma Italia wale nō, akā ma Switzerland kekahi, Kelemānia, Flanders.
Hoʻi ʻo ia i Lākana, no ʻelua mau makahiki (1794-1795) ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi hana ʻaha mele ikaika, e hoʻokani ana i nā ʻaha mele a pau i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka violinist Kelemania kaulana ʻo Johann Peter Salomon (1745-1815), ka mea i noho ma ke kapikala ʻEnelani mai 1781. ʻO nā ʻahamele a Salomon. ua kaulana loa.
Ma waena o nā hana a Viotti, ʻo kāna ʻahamele ma Kekemapa 1794 me ka mea hoʻokani bass pālua kaulana ʻo Dragonetti. Ua hoʻokani lāua i ka duet Viotti, me ka hoʻokani ʻana o Dragonetti i ka ʻāpana violin ʻelua ma ka pahu pālua.
Noho ʻo ia ma Lākana, ua komo hou ʻo Viotti i nā hana hoʻonohonoho. Ua komo ʻo ia i ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka Royal Theatre, i ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻoihana o ka ʻOpera Italia, a ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o Wilhelm Kramer mai ka ʻoihana alakaʻi o ka Royal Theatre, ua lanakila ʻo ia ma kēia kūlana.
I ka makahiki 1798, ua haki koke kona noho maluhia ana. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo ia me ka hoʻopiʻi mākaʻi no nā hoʻolālā ʻino kūʻē i ka Papa kuhikuhi, kahi i pani ai i ka Convention kipi, a ua launa pū ʻo ia me kekahi o nā alakaʻi o ke kipi Farani. Ua noi ʻia ʻo ia e haʻalele iā ʻEnelani i loko o 24 mau hola.
Noho ʻo Viotti ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Schoenfeldts kokoke i Hamburg, kahi āna i noho ai no ʻekolu mau makahiki. Ma laila ʻo ia i haku ikaika ai i nā mele, pili pū me kekahi o kāna mau hoa Pelekane pili loa, ʻo Chinnery, a aʻo pū me Friedrich Wilhelm Piksis (1786-1842), ma hope mai he mea hoʻokani pila a Czech kaulana, nāna i hoʻokumu i ke kula violin ma Prague.
I ka makahiki 1801, ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Viotti e hoʻi i Lākana. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke komo i ke ola mele o ke kapikala a, ma ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a Chinnery, ua lawe ʻo ia i ke kālepa waina. He hana ino ia. Ua hōʻike ʻo Viotti i kahi mea kālepa hiki ʻole a hele i ka panakalupa. Mai ka palapala kauoha a Viotti, i kakauia i ka la 13 o Maraki, 1822, ua ike kakou aole oia i hookaa i na aie ana i hana ai e pili ana i ke kalepa poino. Ua kākauʻo ia ua haehaeʻia konaʻuhane mai kaʻikeʻana e make anaʻo ia me ka ukuʻoleʻana i kā Chinnery aie o 24000 francs, a ua hāʻawiʻo ia iā ia no ke kālepa waina. "Inā make au me ka uku ʻole i kēia ʻaiʻē, ke noi aku nei au iā ʻoe e kūʻai aku i nā mea a pau aʻu wale nō e loaʻa ai, e hoʻomaopopo a hoʻouna aku iā Chinnery a me kona mau hoʻoilina."
I ka makahiki 1802, hoʻi ʻo Viotti i ka hana mele a noho mau ma Lākana, i kekahi manawa hele i Paris, kahi e mahalo mau ʻia ai kāna pāʻani.
He mea liʻiliʻi loa ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ola ʻana o Viotti ma Lākana mai 1803 a 1813. I ka makahiki 1813, ua komo ʻo ia i loko o ka hui ʻana o ka London Philharmonic Society, e hāʻawi ana i kēia hanohano me Clementi. Ua mālama ʻia ka wehe ʻana o ka Hui ma Malaki 8, 1813, ua alakaʻi ʻo Salomon, ʻoiai ʻo Viotti e hoʻokani ana i ka hoʻokani pila.
ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i ka ulu ʻana o nā pilikia kālā, i ka makahiki 1819 ua neʻe ʻo ia i Paris, kahi, me ke kōkua ʻana o kona kahu kahiko, ʻo ka Count of Provence, ka mea i lilo i mōʻī o Farani ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Louis XVIII, ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i alakaʻi no ka Italia. Hale Opera. Ma ka la 13 o Feberuari, 1820, ua pepehiia ke Duke o Berry ma ka hale keaka, a ua pani ia na puka o keia keena i ka lehulehu. Ua neʻe pinepine ka opera Italia mai kekahi lumi a i kekahi lumi a hoʻopau i kahi noho pōʻino. ʻO ka hopena, ma kahi o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i kāna kūlana kālā, ua huikau loa ʻo Viotti. I ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki 1822, ua luhi ʻo ia i nā hemahema, ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Lākana. Ke emi koke nei kona olakino. Ma Malaki 3, 1824, i ka hora 7 o ke kakahiaka, ua make oia ma ka home o Caroline Chinnery.
ʻO ka waiwai liʻiliʻi i koe mai iā ia: ʻelua manuscripto concerto, ʻelua violins - Klotz a me kahi Stradivarius nani (ua noi ʻo ia e kūʻai aku i ka hope e uku ai i nā aie), ʻelua pahu pahu gula a me kahi wati gula - ʻo ia wale nō.
ʻO Viotti ka mea hoʻokani pila. ʻO kāna hana ka hōʻike kiʻekiʻe loa o ke ʻano o ka classicism mele: ua ʻike ʻia ka pāʻani e ka hanohano hanohano, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka ikaika nui, ke ahi, a ma ka manawa like maʻalahi; Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e ka naʻauao, ke kāne kūikawā a me ka leʻaleʻa oratorical. He kani ikaika ko Viotti. Ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia ke koʻikoʻi kāne o ka hana e ka haʻalulu haʻahaʻa, kaohi ʻia. "Aia kekahi mea hanohano a hoʻoikaika ʻia e pili ana i kāna hana ʻana a ʻo ka poʻe hoʻokani akamai loa i haʻalele iā ia a ʻike ʻia he mediocre," kākau ʻo Heron-Allen, e ʻōlelo ana iā Miel.
Ua like ka hana a Viotti me kāna hana. Ua kākau ʻo ia i 29 mau ʻaha mele violin a me 10 mau ʻaha mele piano; 12 sonata no ka violin a me ka piano, nui na violin duet, 30 trio no elua violin a me na pahu pālua, 7 ohi o na quartets string a me 6 quartets no na melodies folk; he mau mele mele, he mau ʻāpana leo – he 200 ka nui o nā haku mele.
ʻO nā concerto violin ka mea kaulana loa o kāna hoʻoilina. Ma nā hana o kēia ʻano, ua hana ʻo Viotti i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka classicism heroic. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o kā lākou mele ke hoʻomanaʻo nei i nā kiʻi pena a David a hoʻohui iā Viotti me nā mea haku mele e like me Gossec, Cherubini, Lesueur. ʻO nā kumu civic i nā neʻe mua, ka elegiac a me ka moeʻuhane i loko o ka adagio, ka democratism seething o nā rondos hope loa, i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā leo o nā mele o nā wahi hana Parisian, e hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi i kāna concerto mai ka hana violin o kona mau wā. He kālena haku mele haʻahaʻa maʻamau ʻo Viotti, akā hiki iā ia ke noʻonoʻo pono i nā ʻano o ia manawa, i hāʻawi ai i kāna mau mele i mea koʻikoʻi a me ka mōʻaukala.
E like me Lully a me Cherubini, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo Viotti he ʻelele maoli o ka hana kiʻi Farani. Ma kāna hana, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻo Viotti i kahi hiʻohiʻona stylistic aupuni, mālama ʻia ka mālama ʻana me ka ikaika kupaianaha e nā mea haku mele o ka wā kipi.
No nā makahiki he nui, ua komo pū ʻo Viotti i ka aʻo ʻana, ʻoiai ma ka laulā ʻaʻole ia i noho i kahi kikowaena o kona ola. Aia ma waena o kāna mau haumāna nā violinists koʻikoʻi e like me Pierre Rode, F. Pixis, Alde, Vache, Cartier, Labarre, Libon, Maury, Pioto, Roberecht. Ua manaʻo ʻo Pierre Baio lāua ʻo Rudolf Kreutzer iā lākou iho he mau haumāna a Viotti, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou i lawe i nā haʻawina mai iā ia.
Ua ola kekahi mau kiʻi o Viotti. Ua pena ʻia kāna kiʻi kaulana loa i ka makahiki 1803 e ka mea pena kiʻi Farani ʻo Elisabeth Lebrun (1755-1842). Ua wehewehe ʻo Heron-Allen i kona hiʻohiʻona penei: “Ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻo Nature iā Viotti ma ke kino a me ka ʻuhane. ʻO ke poʻo hanohano, wiwo ʻole, ʻo ka maka, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka maʻamau maʻamau o nā hiʻohiʻona, ua hōʻike ʻia, ʻoluʻolu, hoʻomālamalama i ka mālamalama. He maikai loa kona kino, he maikai kona ano, he maikai kana kamailio ana; he akamai i ka haʻi haʻi ʻōlelo a i kāna hoʻolaha ʻana me he mea lā ua ola hou ka hanana. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka pōʻino i noho ai ʻo Viotti ma ka ʻaha Farani, ʻaʻole i nalowale kona lokomaikaʻi a me ka wiwo ʻole.
Ua hoʻopau ʻo Viotti i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana violin o ka Enlightenment, e hui pū ana i kāna hana a hana i nā kuʻuna nui o Italia a me Farani. ʻO ka hanauna hou o nā violinists i wehe i kahiʻaoʻao hou i ka moʻolelo o ka violin, e pili ana i kahi au hou - ke au o ka romanticism.
L. Raaben
