Walter Gieseking |

Walter Gieseking

ʻElua mau moʻomeheu, ʻelua mau moʻomeheu mele nui i hānai i ke ʻano o Walter Gieseking, i hui pū ʻia i kona helehelena, hāʻawi iā ia i nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa. Me he mea lā ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hopena iā ia e komo i ka mōʻaukala o ka pianism ma ke ʻano he mea unuhi nui loa o nā mele Farani a ma ka manawa like kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani mua loa o nā mele Kelemania, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai kāna pāʻani i ka lokomaikaʻi, ʻo Farani wale nō. ka māmā a me ka lokomaikaʻi.

Ua hānau ʻia ka pianist Kelemania a ua hoʻohana i kona wā ʻōpio ma Lyon. Ua hana kona mau mākua i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka biology, a ua hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake o ka ʻepekema i kāna keiki - a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā, he kanaka ʻornithologist ʻo ia. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo i ke mele me ka lōʻihi loa, ʻoiai ua aʻo ʻo ia mai ka makahiki 4 (e like me ka mea maʻamau i ka home naʻauao) e hoʻokani i ka piano. Ma hope wale nō o ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻohana i Hanover, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e lawe i nā haʻawina mai ke kumu kaulana ʻo K. Laimer a komo koke i kāna papa conservatory.

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He mea kupanaha ka maʻalahi o kāna aʻo ʻana. I ka makahiki 15, ua huki ʻo ia i ka manaʻo ma mua o kona mau makahiki me ka wehewehe maʻalahi o ʻehā mau mele Chopin, a laila hāʻawi ʻo ia i ʻeono mau ʻahamele i ka lālani, kahi āna i hana ai i nā sonata 32 Beethoven. "ʻO ka mea paʻakikī loa ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea āpau ma ka puʻuwai, akā ʻaʻole paʻakikī loa kēia," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo ia ma hope. A ʻaʻohe kaena, ʻaʻohe hoʻonui. Ua hoʻopau pōkole ke kaua a me ka ʻoihana koa i nā haʻawina a Gieseking, akā i ka makahiki 1918 ua puka ʻo ia mai ka conservatory a loaʻa koke ka kaulana. ʻO ke kumu o kona kūleʻa, ʻo ia ke talena phenomenal a me kāna hoʻohana mau ʻana i kāna hana ponoʻī o ke ʻano o ke aʻo ʻana, i hoʻomohala pū ʻia me ke kumu a me ke hoaaloha ʻo Karl Leimer (i ka makahiki 1931 ua paʻi lākou i ʻelua mau puke liʻiliʻi e wehewehe ana i ke kumu o kā lākou ʻano hana). ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻano, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka mea noiʻi Soviet ʻo Professor G. Kogan, "i loko o ka hana noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi loa i ka hana, ʻo ka mea nui me ka ʻole o kahi mea kani, a me ka hoʻomaha ʻoi loa o nā ʻiʻo ma hope o kēlā me kēia hana i ka wā o ka hana. ” Hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao a i ʻole kekahi, akā ua hoʻomohala ʻo Gieseknng i kahi hoʻomanaʻo kūʻokoʻa maoli, i hiki iā ia ke aʻo i nā hana paʻakikī me ka wikiwiki kupaianaha a hōʻiliʻili i kahi repertoire nui. "Hiki iaʻu ke aʻo ma ka puʻuwai ma nā wahi āpau, ʻoiai ma ka tram: ua paʻi ʻia nā memo i loko o koʻu noʻonoʻo, a hiki lākou i laila, ʻaʻohe mea e nalowale ai," ʻae ʻo ia.

ʻO ka wikiwiki a me ke ʻano o kāna hana ma nā haku mele hou. Ua haʻi lākou i kekahi lā, e kipa ana i ka haku mele ʻo M. Castel Nuovo Tedesco, ua ʻike ʻo ia i kahi palapala o kahi papa piano hou ma kāna kahua piano. Ma hope o ka pāʻani ʻana ma laila "mai ka ʻike", noi ʻo Gieseking i nā memo no hoʻokahi lā a hoʻi mai i ka lā aʻe: ua aʻo ʻia ka suite a kani koke i kahi ʻahamele. A ʻo ka concerto paʻakikī loa a kekahi haku mele Italia ʻo G. Petrassi Gieseking i aʻo ʻia i nā lā 10. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kūʻokoʻa ʻenehana o ka pāʻani, i hānau ʻia a hoʻomohala ʻia i nā makahiki, hāʻawi iā ia i ka manawa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa liʻiliʻi - ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 3-4 mau hola i ka lā. Ma kahi huaʻōlelo, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka pau ʻole o ka repertoire o ka piano i ka makahiki 20. ʻO kahi wahi koʻikoʻi i noho ʻia e nā mele hou, ua pāʻani ʻo ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā hana he nui a nā mea kākau Lūkini - Rachmaninoff, Scriabin. Prokofiev. Akā ʻo ka kaulana maoli i lawe mai iā ia i ka hana o nā hana a Ravel, Debussy, Mozart.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana a Gieseking i ka hana a nā kukui o ka French impressionism i paʻi ʻia me ka waiwai o nā kala i ʻike ʻole ʻia, nā aniani maikaʻi loa, ka leʻaleʻa ʻoluʻolu o ka hana hou ʻana i nā kikoʻī āpau o ka lole mele paʻa ʻole, ka hiki ke "hoʻōki i ka manawa", e haʻi i ka hoʻolohe i nā naʻau a pau o ka mea haku mele, ka piha o ke kiʻi i hopu ʻia e ia i loko o nā memo. ʻO ka mana a me ka ʻike ʻana o Gieseking ma kēia wahi ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka mea hoʻokani piano a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻAmelika ʻo A. Chesins i kekahi manawa e pili ana i ka hana a Debussy "Bergamas Suite": kuleana o ka mea hoʻopuka e kākau : „Waiwai pilikino o Walter Gieseking. Mai hoʻokomo. Ma ka wehewehe ʻana i nā kumu o kona kūleʻa mau ʻana i ka hoʻokani mele Farani, ua kākau ʻo Gieseking: "Ua hoʻāʻo pinepine ʻia e ʻike i ke kumu i loaʻa ai i ka unuhi ʻōlelo Kelemania nā hui lōʻihi me nā mele Farani maoli. ʻO ka pane maʻalahi a me ka pane ʻana i kēia nīnau: ʻaʻohe palena o ke mele, he ʻōlelo "ʻāina" ia, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia e nā kānaka a pau. Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i kēia he pololei ʻole, a inā ʻo ka hopena o nā haku mele e uhi ana i nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua he kumu hou o ka hauʻoli a me ka hauʻoli no ka mea hoʻokani pila, a laila ʻo ia ka wehewehe ʻana no kēlā ʻano ʻike o ka ʻike mele. … I ka pau ʻana o ka makahiki 1913, ma ka Hanover Conservatory, ua paipai ʻo Karl Leimer iaʻu e aʻo i ka "Reflections in Water" mai ka puke mua o "Kiʻi". Mai ka manaʻo o ka "mea kākau", he mea maikaʻi paha ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi ʻike hikiwawe i ʻike ʻia i hoʻololi i koʻu noʻonoʻo, e pili ana i kahi ʻano mele "hekili", akā ke kauoha ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e ʻae ʻaʻohe mea o ua hana ʻia ke ʻano. Ua makemake nui au i nā hana a Debussy, ua ʻike wau he nani loa lākou a ua hoʻoholo koke wau e pāʻani iā ​​​​lākou e like me ka hiki… "hewa" ʻaʻole hiki. Manaʻo hou ʻoe i kēia, e pili ana i nā hana piha a kēia poʻe haku mele i loko o ka hoʻopaʻa leo a Gieseking, e mau ana kona ʻano hou a hiki i kēia lā.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kumuhana a me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa i nā wahi punahele ʻē aʻe o ka hana a ka mea pena - Mozart. A eia ka nui o ka hana i nā subtleties, ʻike ʻia e ka nani a me ka māmā ʻo Mozartian. Akā naʻe, e like me ka ʻōlelo a nā poʻe loea, ʻo Gieseking's Mozart piha loa i ka archaic, maloʻo i hala - ʻo ke kenekulia XNUMX, me kāna mau hana hoʻokolokolo, nā hula hulahula; ʻAʻohe mea i loko ona mai ka mea kākau o Don Juan a me ka Requiem, mai ka harbinger o Beethoven a me nā mea aloha.

ʻO ka mea kānaluaʻole,ʻo ka Mozart o Schnabel a iʻole Clara Haskil (inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka poʻe i pāʻani i ka manawa like me Gieseking) iʻoi aku i ka laina me nā manaʻo o ko mākou mau lā a kokoke i ka mea kūpono o ka mea hoʻolohe hou. Akā, ʻaʻole nalowale nā ​​​​manaʻo a Gieseking i ko lākou waiwai kiʻi, no ka mea, ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka pāʻani a me ka hohonu o ke mele, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaopopo a haʻi i ka mālamalama mau loa, ke aloha o ke ola i loko o nā mea āpau - ʻo nā ʻaoʻao pōʻino loa. o ka hana a keia haku mele.

Ua haʻalele ʻo Gieseking i kekahi o nā hōʻiliʻili kani piha loa o nā mele a Mozart. I ka loiloi ʻana i kēia hana nui, ua ʻōlelo ʻo K.-H ka mea hoʻohewa Kelemania Komohana. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mann "ma ka laulā, ʻike ʻia kēia mau leo ​​​​e kahi leo maʻalahi ʻole a, ʻoi aku hoʻi, kahi ʻano ʻeha ʻeha, akā me kahi ākea ākea ākea a me ka maʻemaʻe o ka pā piano. Ua like loa kēia me ko Gieseking manaʻoʻiʻo ma kēia ʻano e hui pū ʻia ai ka maʻemaʻe o ke kani a me ka nani o ka ʻōlelo, i ʻole e hoʻemi ʻia ka manaʻo hohonu o ka mea haku mele ka wehewehe pono ʻana o ke ʻano kuʻuna. ʻO kēia nā kānāwai i hoʻokani ai kēia mea hoʻokani iā ​​​​Mozart, a ma muli o ia mau mea hiki ke loiloi pono i kāna pāʻani.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka repertoire a Gieseking i kēia mau inoa. Ua pāʻani nui ʻo ia iā Beethoven, ua pāʻani hoʻi ʻo ia ma kāna ʻano ponoʻī, ma ka ʻuhane o Mozart, e hōʻole ana i nā pathos, mai ka romanticization, e ʻimi nei i ka mālamalama, ka nani, ke kani, ka lokahi o nā ʻāpana. ʻO ke kumu maoli o kona ʻano i waiho i ka imprint like i ka hana a Brahms, Schumann, Grieg, Frank a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Pono e hoʻokūpaʻaʻia,ʻoiai ua hoʻomauʻo Gieseking i kāna mau kumu noʻonoʻo i loko o kona olaʻana, i ka makahiki hope loa, ma hope o ke kaua, ua loaʻa i kāna pāʻani keʻanoʻano'ē aʻe ma mua o ka wā ma mua:ʻo ka leo, me ka mālamaʻana i kona nani a me ka māmā, ua piha a piha. ʻoi aku ka hohonu, maikaʻi loa ke akamai. ka pedaling a me ka maalea o ka pianissimo, i ka wa i hiki aku ai ka leo huna hiki ole ke loheia ma na lalani mamao o ke keena; ʻO ka hope, ua hui pū ʻia ka pololei kiʻekiʻe loa me ka manaʻo ʻole i manaʻo ʻia - a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi - makemake nui. ʻO ia i loko o kēia manawa i hana ʻia nā hoʻopaʻa leo maikaʻi loa o ka mea pena - nā hōʻiliʻili o Bach, Mozart, Debussy, Ravel, Beethoven, nā moʻolelo me nā ʻaha mele. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka pololei a me ka maikaʻi o kāna pāʻani ʻana, ʻo ia ka hapa nui o nā moʻolelo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻole ʻana a aneane ʻole e hana hou. ʻAe kēia iā lākou e hōʻike iki i ke ʻano o kāna pāʻani ʻana ma ka hale ʻaha mele.

I nā makahiki ma hope o ke kaua, ua piha ʻo Walter Gieseking i ka ikehu, aia i ka poʻokela o kona ola. Mai ka makahiki 1947, ua a'o 'o ia i ka papa piano ma ka Conservatory o Saarbrücken, e ho'okomo ana i ka 'ōnaehana o ka ho'ona'auao 'ana i nā mea ho'okani piano 'ōpio i ho'omohala 'ia e ia a me K. Laimer, ua hana 'o ia i nā huaka'i 'aha mele lō'ihi, a ua ho'opa'a nui ma nā mo'olelo. I ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka makahiki 1956, ua komo ka mea pena i kahi ulia kaʻa i make ai kāna wahine, a uaʻeha nuiʻo ia. Eia naʻe, ʻekolu mahina ma hope mai, ua hōʻike hou ʻia ʻo Gieseking ma ke kahua ʻo Carnegie Hall, e hoʻokani ana me ka mea hoʻokani pila ma lalo o ka pahu o Guido Cantelli Beethoven's Fifth Concerto; I kekahi la ae, ua hoike mai na nupepa o Nu Ioka, ua ola loa ka mea pena mai ka ulia mai, a aole i mae iki kona akamai. Me he mea lā ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia kona olakino, akā ma hope o ʻelua mahina ua make koke ʻo ia ma Lākana.

ʻO kā Gieseking hoʻoilina ʻaʻole ʻo kāna mau moʻolelo wale nō, kāna ʻano kumu aʻo, kāna mau haumāna lehulehu; Ua kākau ka haku i ka puke hoihoi loa o nā memoir "So I Became a Pianist", a me ke keʻena a me nā haku piano, nā hoʻonohonoho, a me nā paʻi.

Cit.: No laila ua lilo au i piano / / Performing art of foreign country. – M., 1975. Puka. 7.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.