Zither: wehewehe o ka mea kani, kumu, ʻano, pehea e pāʻani ai

ʻO Zither kahi mea kani kani. I loko o kona mōʻaukala, ua lilo ka zither i kekahi o nā mea kani kaulana loa ma ʻEulopa a ua komo i ka moʻomeheu o nā ʻāina he nui.

kumu o ke

ʻAno - uhuki kaula. Hoʻokaʻawale - chordophone. ʻO ka chordophone kahi mea kani me ke kino kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai kekahi mau kaula ma waena o ʻelua mau kiko e kani ai ke kani ʻana.

Hoʻokani ʻia ka zither me nā manamana lima, ʻohi a ʻohi i nā kaula. Pili nā lima ʻelua. ʻO ka lima hema ke kuleana no ka hoʻokani pila. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea uwao ma ka manamana nui o ka lima ʻākau. ʻO nā manamana lima mua 2 ke kuleana no ka hoʻokani a me ka bass. ʻO ka manamana lima ʻekolu no ka pahu pālua. Kau ʻia ke kino ma luna o ka pākaukau a kau ʻia paha ma kou mau kuli.

He 12-50 mau kaula i nā kumu hoʻohālike. Aia paha ma muli o ka hoʻolālā.

Ke kumu o ka mea kani

ʻO ka inoa Kelemānia "zither" mai ka hua'ōlelo Latin "cythara". ʻO ka huaʻōlelo Latin ka inoa o kahi hui o nā chordophones medieval stringed. Ma nā puke Kelemānia o nā kenekulia XNUMXth-XNUMXth, aia kekahi ʻano like ʻole o "cittern", i hana ʻia mai "kithara" - ka chordophone Helene kahiko.

ʻO ka mea kani kahiko loa mai ka ʻohana cither ka qixianqin Kina. Ua loaʻa kahi chordophone fretless ma ka hale kupapaʻu o Prince Yi, i kūkulu ʻia ma 433 BC.

Loaʻa nā chordophones pili ma Asia. Nā laʻana: koto Kepanī, kanun Hikina Waena, Playlan Indonesia.

Ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻEulopa e hana i kā lākou mau mana ponoʻī o nā mea i hana ʻia ma ʻAsia, ʻo ia ka hopena, ua ʻike ʻia ka cither. Ua lilo ia i mea kani kaulana i ka XNUMXth century Bavaria a me Austria.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Johann Petzmayer zitherist Viennese he mea hoʻokani pila. Hāʻawi ka poʻe mōʻaukala iā Petzmaier me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka chordophone Germanic i ka hoʻohana home.

I ka makahiki 1838, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Nikolaus Wiegel mai Munich e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻolālā. ʻO ka manaʻo e hoʻokomo i nā alahaka paʻa, nā kaula hou, nā frets chromatic. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka manaʻo i ke kākoʻo a hiki i ka makahiki 1862. A laila ua hana ka haku lute mai Kelemania, ʻo Max Amberger, i mea hana i hana ʻia e Vigel. No laila ua loaʻa i ka chordophone kona ʻano i kēia manawa.

ʻO nā ʻano zithers

He 29-38 mau kaula o ka pahu mele. ʻO ka helu maʻamau he 34-35. ʻO ke kaʻina o kā lākou hoʻonohonoho ʻana: 4 mau mele ma luna o nā frets, 12 fretless accompanying, 12 fretless bass, 5-6 double bass.

Hoʻolako ʻia ka zither Alpine me 42 mau kaula. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa he kino ākea e kākoʻo i kahi bass pālua elongated a me kahi mīkini hoʻokani. Ua like ke kani ʻana o ka mana Alpine me ka mana ʻaha mele. Ua kapa ʻia nā mana hope o nā kenekulia XNUMXth-XNUMXth "zither-harps". ʻO ke kumu o ke kolamu i hoʻohui ʻia, e like me ka mea kani me he lira. Ma kēia mana, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā kīʻaha pālua ʻē aʻe e like me ke koena.

Hoʻolālā ʻia ka ʻano alpine i hoʻolālā hou ʻia e lawelawe i kahi ʻano pāʻani hou. Hoʻokani ʻia nā kaula e like me ke ʻano o ka lira.

Hoʻopuka pū nā mea hana hou i nā mana maʻalahi. ʻO ke kumu he paʻakikī i nā amateurs ke pāʻani i nā hiʻohiʻona piha. Ma ia mau ʻano, hoʻohui ʻia nā kī a me nā mīkini no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā chords.

Aia 2 mau mele kaulana no nā zithers hou: Munich a me Venetian. Hoʻohana kekahi mau mea pāʻani i ke kani ʻana o Venetian no nā kaula haʻalulu, ʻo Munich ke kani ʻana no nā kaula haʻahaʻa ʻole. Hoʻohana ʻia ke kani ʻana o Venetian piha ma nā mea kani me nā kaula he 38 a ʻoi aʻe paha.