Vasily Sergeevich Kalinnikov |

ʻO Vasily Kalinnikov

… Ua hauʻoli wau i ka nani o kahi mea aloha, kamaʻāina loa… A. Chekhov. “Ka hale me ka mezzanine”

ʻO V. Kalinnikov, he haku mele Lūkini akamai, i noho a hana i nā makahiki 80 a me 90. ʻO ke kenekulia XNUMX ʻO ia ka manawa o ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe loa o ka moʻomeheu Lūkini, i ka manawa i hana ai ʻo P. Tchaikovsky i kāna mau haku hana hope loa, nā opera na N. Rimsky-Korsakov, nā hana a A. Glazunov, S. Taneyev, A. Lyadov i ʻike ʻia kekahi ma hope o kekahi, i ke kakahiaka nui. nā haku mele a S. Rachmaninov i ʻike ʻia ma ka pae mele , A. Scriabin. Ua alohilohi nā palapala Lūkini o ia manawa me nā inoa e like me L. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, I. Bunin, A. Kuprin, L. Andreev, V. Veresaev, M. Gorky, A. Blok, K. Balmont, S. Nadson ... A i loko o keia kaha kahawai kani ka haahaa, akā, kahaha ka poetic a me ka maemae leo o Kalinnikov mele, i haule koke i loko o ke aloha me na mea hookani a me ka anaina, hoʻopio i ka oiaio, cordiality, inescapably Russian melodic nani. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo B. Asafiev iā Kalinnikov "Ring Ring of Russian Music".

He pōʻino ka hopena i loaʻa i kēia haku mele, ka mea i make i ka poʻokela o kona mana hana. "No ke ono o ka makahiki ua hakakā wau me ka ʻai, akā ua lanakila ʻo ia iaʻu a lohi akā ʻoiaʻiʻo. A ʻo ia ka hewa o ke kālā pōʻino! A ua loaʻa iaʻu ka maʻi mai kēlā mau kūlana hiki ʻole iaʻu e noho ai a e aʻo ai.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Kalinnikov i loko o kahi ʻohana ʻilihune a nui o kahi bailiff, nona nā makemake i ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe mai nā moʻomeheu o kahi panalāʻau. Ma kahi o nā kāleka, ka ʻona, ka ʻōlelo ʻino - nā hana olakino olakino a me nā mele. Amateur choral himeni, mele folklore o ka mokuna Oryol i ka mua mele kulanui o ka wā e hiki mai haku mele, a me ka picturesque ano o ka Oryol māhele 'āina, pela poetically mele e I. Turgenev, hānai i ke keiki noʻonoʻo a artistic noʻonoʻo. I kona wā kamaliʻi, ua mālama ʻia nā haʻawina mele a Vasily e ke kauka zemstvo ʻo A. Evlanov, nāna i aʻo iā ia i nā kumu kumu o ka heluhelu mele a aʻo iā ia e hoʻokani i ka violin.

I ka makahiki 1884, komo ʻo Kalinnikov i ka Conservatory o Moscow, akā i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, no ka nele o ke kālā e uku ai i kāna mau haʻawina, ua neʻe ʻo ia i ke Kula ʻo Music and Drama of the Philharmonic Society, kahi hiki iā ia ke aʻo manuahi i ka papa mea kani. Ua koho ʻo Kalinnikov i ka bassoon, akā hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o kona nānā ʻana i nā haʻawina lokahi i aʻo ʻia e S. Kruglikov, he mea hoʻokani pila. Ua hele pū ʻo ia i nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala ma ke Kulanui o Moscow, i hana ʻia i nā hana opera obligatory a me nā ʻaha mele philharmonic no nā haumāna kula. Pono au e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka loaʻa kālā. I ka ho'āʻoʻana e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kūlana kālā o kaʻohana, ua hōʻoleʻo Kalinnikov i ke kōkua kālā mai ka home, a iʻole e make i ka pōloli, ua loaʻa iā ia ke kālā ma ke kopeʻana i nā memo, nā haʻawina penny, e pāʻani ana i nā orchestras. ʻOiai, ua luhi ʻo ia, a ʻo nā leka a kona makuakāne wale nō i kākoʻo iā ia i ka pono. "E hoʻokomo iā ʻoe iho i loko o ke ao o ka ʻepekema mele," heluhelu mākou i loko o kekahi o ia mau mea, "e hana ... E ʻike e alo ʻoe i nā pilikia a me nā hemahema, akā mai nāwaliwali, e hakakā iā lākou ... a ʻaʻole e hoʻi i hope."

ʻO ka make ʻana o kona makuakāne i ka makahiki 1888 he puʻu kaumaha ia no Kalinnikov. ʻO nā hana mua - 3 romances - hele i waho o ka paʻi ʻana i ka makahiki 1887. ʻO kekahi o lākou, "Ma ka puʻu kahiko" (ma ke kahua ʻo I. Nikitin), lilo koke i kaulana. I ka makahiki 1889, ua hana ʻia he 2 symphonic debuts: ma kekahi o nā ʻaha mele ʻo Moscow, ua hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻia ka hana orchestral mua a Kalinnikov - ʻo ka pena symphonic "Nymphs" e pili ana i ka papa o "Poems in Prose" a Turgenev, a ma ka hana kuʻuna ma Philharmonic. Ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i kāna kula Scherzo. Mai kēia manawa, loaʻa i nā mele orchestral ka hoihoi nui no ka haku mele. Hāpai ʻia ma ke mele a me nā kuʻuna mele, ʻaʻole i lohe i kahi mea kani hoʻokahi a hiki i ka makahiki 12, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ʻo Kalinnikov i nā mele symphonic i nā makahiki. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia “ʻo ka mele… ʻo ia ka ʻōlelo o nā naʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi, kēlā mau kūlana o ko mākou ʻuhane i aneane hiki ʻole ke haʻi ʻia ma nā huaʻōlelo a ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ma kekahi ʻano. Hōʻike ʻia nā hana hoʻokani pila ma hope o kekahi: Suite (1889), i loaʻa iā Tchaikovsky ka ʻae ʻia; 2 symphonies (1895, 1897), symphonic pena "Cedar and Palm Tree" (1898), orchestral number for AK Tolstoy's tragedy "Tsar Boris" (1898). Eia naʻe, huli ka mea haku mele i nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe - kākau ʻo ia i nā mele aloha, nā mele, nā ʻāpana piano, a ma waena o lākou ka "Sad Song" i aloha ʻia e nā mea a pau. Lawe ʻo ia i ka haku mele "I ka makahiki 1812", i kauoha ʻia e S. Mamontov, a hoʻopau i ka prologue iā ia.

Hoʻokomo ka haku mele i ka wā o ka pua kiʻekiʻe loa o kāna mau mea hana, akā ʻo ia ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka holomua o ka maʻi maʻi i wehe ʻia i kekahi mau makahiki i hala. Ke kū'ē ikaika neiʻo Kalinnikov i ka maʻi eʻai ana iā ia,ʻo ka uluʻana o nā manaʻuhane e pili pono i ka maeʻana o nā ikaika kino. "E hoʻolohe i ke mele a Kalinnikov. ʻAuhea ka hōʻailona o kēia mau leo ​​mele i ninini ʻia i ka ʻike piha o ke kanaka e make ana? Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻohe wahi o ka ʻuā a i ʻole ka maʻi. He mele olakino kēia mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana a hiki i ka hopena, ʻoiaʻiʻo, mele ola ... "i kākau ai ka mea hoʻokani mele a me ka hoaaloha o Kalinnikov Kruglikov. "Sunny soul" - ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe o kēia wā e pili ana i ka haku mele. Me he mea lā e hoʻomālamalama ana kāna mele harmonic a kaulike i kahi kukui mahana mālie.

ʻO ka mea kupaianaha loa ka First Symphony, ka mea e hoʻāla ai i nā ʻaoʻao i hoʻoikaika ʻia o ka moʻolelo lyrical-landscape a Chekhov, ʻo Turgenev rapture me ke ola, ke ʻano, a me ka nani. Me ka paʻakikī nui, me ke kōkua o nā hoaaloha, ua hoʻokō ʻo Kalinnikov i ka hana o ka symphony, akā i ka wā i kani ai no ka manawa mua i ka ʻaha mele o ka lālā Kyiv o RMS i Malaki 1897, kona huakaʻi lanakila ma nā kūlanakauhale. o Rusia a me Europa i hoomaka. "E ke aloha Vasily Sergeevich!" - Ua kākauʻo Conductor A. Vinogradsky iā Kalinnikov ma hope o ka hanaʻana i ka symphony ma Vienna. “Ua lanakila pū kāu symphony i ka lanakila maikaʻi i nehinei. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he ʻano symphony lanakila kēia. Ma nā wahi a pau aʻu e pāʻani ai, makemake nā mea a pau. A ʻo ka mea nui, ʻo ka poʻe mele a me ka lehulehu. " Ua hāʻule pū kekahi kūleʻa maikaʻi i ka ʻāpana o ka Second Symphony, kahi hana ʻālohilohi, hōʻoia i ke ola, i kākau nui ʻia, ma ke ʻano nui.

I ʻOkakopa 1900, 4 mau mahina ma mua o ka make ʻana o ka mea haku mele, ua paʻi ʻia ka score a me ka clavier o ka First Symphony e ka hale paʻi puke o Jurgenson, me ka hauʻoli nui i ka haku mele. ʻAʻole naʻe i uku ka mea hoʻopuka i ka mea kākau. ʻO ka uku i loaʻa iā ia he hoax o nā hoaaloha, me Rachmaninov, i hōʻiliʻili i ka nui e pono ai ma ke kau inoa. Ma keʻano laulā, no nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua koi ʻia ʻo Kalinnikov e noho wale ma luna o nā haʻawina a kona ʻohana, ʻo ia hoʻi, he mea paʻakikī loa iā ia. Akā ʻo ka ecstasy o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, ka manaʻoʻiʻo i ke ola, ke aloha i nā poʻe i hoʻokiʻekiʻe iā ia ma luna o ka puʻupuʻu o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. He kanaka haʻahaʻa, hoʻomau, lokomaikaʻi, haku mele a haku mele ma ke ʻano - ʻo ia ke ʻano o kona komo ʻana i ka mōʻaukala o kā mākou moʻomeheu mele.

O. Averyanova