Antonina Nezhdanova |
Antonina Nezhdanova
ʻO kāna kiʻi kupaianaha, ka mea i hauʻoli i kekahi mau hanauna o ka poʻe hoʻolohe, ua lilo ia i kaʻao. Ua loaʻa kāna hana i kahi kūlana kūikawā i ka waihona kālā o ka hana honua.
"ʻO ka nani kūʻokoʻa, ka nani o nā timbres a me nā leo kani, ka maʻalahi a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka leo, ka makana o ke ola hou ʻana, ka hohonu hohonu a piha loa o ka manaʻo a me ke ʻano o ka mea haku mele, ka ʻono maikaʻi ʻole, ka pololei o ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo - ʻo ia nā waiwai. o ke talena a Nezhdanova,” wahi a V. Kiselev.
ʻO Bernard Shaw, kahaha i ka hana a Nezhdanova i nā mele Lūkini, hāʻawi i ka mea mele me kāna kiʻi me ka palapala: "I kēia manawa ua maopopo iaʻu ke kumu i hāʻawi mai ai ke ʻano iaʻu i ka manawa e ola ai a hiki i 70 mau makahiki - i hiki iaʻu ke lohe i ka maikaʻi o nā mea hana - Nezhdanova .” Ua kākau ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka Moscow Art Theatre KS Stanislavsky:
"E ke aloha, kupaianaha, kupaianaha Antonina Vasilievna! .. Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ke kumu o kou nani a no ke aha ʻoe i lokahi ai? No ka mea, ua hui pū ʻoe: he leo kala o ka nani kupaianaha, kālena, mele, hemolele o ka ʻenehana me kahi ʻuhane ʻōpio mau loa, maʻemaʻe, hou a naive. Kani e like me kou leo. He aha ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nani, ʻoi aku ka nani a me ka hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia ma mua o ka ʻike kūlohelohe kūlohelohe i hui pū ʻia me ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi? ʻO ka mea hope i uku iā ʻoe i nā hana nui o kou ola holoʻokoʻa. Akā ʻaʻole mākou ʻike i kēia ke kāhāhā ʻoe iā mākou me ka maʻalahi o ka ʻenehana, i kekahi manawa i lawe ʻia i kahi prank. Ua lilo ke akamai a me ka ʻenehana i kou ʻano kūlohelohe lua. Oli oe me he manu la no ka mea hiki ole ia oe ke oli, a o oe kekahi o ka poe e mele maikai ana a hiki i ka hopena o kou mau la, no ka mea, ua hanau oe no keia. ʻO ʻoe ʻo Orpheus i ka lole wahine ʻaʻole e uhaʻi i kāna lira.
Ma ke ʻano he mea pena kiʻi a he kanaka hoʻi, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaikaʻi mau a me kou hoaaloha, kāhāhā wau, kūlou i mua ou a hoʻonani a aloha iā ʻoe.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Antonina Vasilievna Nezhdanova ma Iune 16, 1873 ma ke kauhale o Krivaya Balka, kokoke i Odessa, i loko o kahi ʻohana kumu.
ʻEhiku wale nō makahiki ʻo Tonya i kona komo ʻana i ka papa mele o ka hale pule i hoʻokipa ai i nā poʻe he nui. Ua pā ka leo o ke kaikamahine i nā hoa kamaʻāina, a ʻōlelo maila lākou me ka mahalo: “Eia ka canary, eia ka leo mālie!”
Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Nezhdanova iā ia iho: "Ma muli o ka hoʻopuni ʻana o koʻu ʻohana i kahi ʻano mele - mele koʻu mau ʻohana, mele a hoʻokani nui koʻu mau hoaaloha, nā hoaaloha a me nā hoaaloha i kipa mai iā mākou, ua ʻike nui ʻia koʻu mau mele mele.
Ua loaʻa iā Māmā, e like me ka makuakāne, he leo maikaʻi, hoʻomanaʻo mele a me ka lohe maikaʻi. I koʻu wā kamaliʻi, ua aʻo mai au iā lākou e hīmeni ma ka pepeiao i nā mele like ʻole. I koʻu wā he mea hana keaka ma ka Bolshoi Theatre, hele pinepine koʻu makuahine i nā hana keaka. I kekahi lā aʻe, hoʻokani pololei ʻo ia i nā mele āna i lohe ai mai nā keaka i ka lā ma mua. A hiki i ka wā ʻelemakule, ua mālie a kiʻekiʻe kona leo.
I ka makahiki ʻeiwa, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻo Tonya i Odessa a hoʻouna ʻia i ka 2nd Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium. I loko o ka hale haʻuki, ua kū ʻo ia i waho me kona leo o kahi kala nani. Mai ka papa ʻelima, hoʻomaka ʻo Antonina e hoʻokani solo.
He kuleana koʻikoʻi i ke ola o Nezhdanova i hoʻokani ʻia e ka ʻohana o ka Luna Hoʻokele o nā Kula Kanaka VI Farmakovsky, kahi i loaʻa ai iā ia ʻaʻole wale ke kākoʻo pono, akā kōkua pū kekahi. I ka make ʻana o kona makuakāne, aia ʻo Antonina i ka papa ʻehiku. Ua lilo koke ʻo ia i iwi kuamoʻo o ka ʻohana.
Na Farmakovsky i kōkua i ke kaikamahine e uku no ka papa ʻewalu o ka hale haʻuki. Ma hope o kona puka 'ana mai ia mea, ua kākau inoa 'ia 'o Nezhdanova ma ke 'ano he kumu ma ke kula 'o nā kaikamahine 'o Odessa City.
ʻOiai ka paʻakikī o ke ola, loaʻa i ke kaikamahine ka manawa e kipa aku ai i nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Odessa. Ua paʻiʻiaʻo ia e ka mea mele Figner,ʻo kāna mele akamai i hana i ka manaʻo kupaianaha iā Nezhdanova.
"Mahalo iā ia ua loaʻa iaʻu ka manaʻo e aʻo i ka hīmeni ʻana i koʻu wā e hana ana ma ke ʻano he kumu ma kekahi o nā kula ʻo Odessa," wahi a Nezhdanova.
Hoʻomaka ʻo Antonina e aʻo ma Odessa me kahi kumu mele ʻo SG Rubinstein. Akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manaʻo e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana ma kekahi o nā conservatories o ke kapikala. Mahalo i ke kōkua o Kauka MK Burda kaikamahine hele i St. Petersburg e komo i ka conservatory. Eia ʻo ia hāʻule. Akā, minoʻaka ka hauʻoli iā Nezhdanova ma Moscow. Ua hoʻomaka mua ka makahiki kula ma ka Conservatory Moscow, akā ua hoʻokolokolo ʻia ʻo Nezhdanova e ka luna o ka conservatory VI Safonov a me ke kumu mele ʻo Umberto Mazetti. Ua makemake au i kāna hīmeni ʻana.
Ua lokahi nā mea noiʻi a me nā mea kākau moʻolelo i ko lākou mahalo i ke kula ʻo Mazetti. Wahi a LB Dmitriev, ʻo ia "he kumu hoʻohālike o ka ʻelele o ka moʻomeheu mele Italia, ka mea i hiki ke ʻike hohonu i nā ʻano o nā mele Lūkini, ke ʻano hoʻokani Lūkini a hoʻohui pū i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona stylistic o ke kula leo Lūkini me ka moʻomeheu Italia. o ka haku mele ana.
Ua ʻike ʻo Mazetti i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka haumāna i ka waiwai mele o ka hana. ʻO ka hele pū ʻana me kāna mau haumāna, ua hoʻohauʻoli ʻo ia iā lākou me ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka manaʻo o ke kikokikona mele, ke ʻano, a me ke akamai. Mai nā ʻanuʻu mua, e koi ana i ka hīmeni ʻana a me ke kani ʻana o ka naʻau o ka leo, ua nānā nui ʻo ia i ka nani a me ka hilinaʻi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka leo hīmeni. ʻO “Hīmeni nani” kekahi o nā koi kumu a Mazetti.
I ka makahiki 1902, ua puka 'o Nezhdanova mai ka conservatory me ka mekala gula, a lilo 'o ia i mea leo leo mua i loa'a i ia kūlana ki'eki'e. Mai kēlā makahiki a hiki i ka makahiki 1948, ua noho ʻo ia i mea mele me ka Bolshoi Theatre.
Ma ʻApelila 23, 1902, ʻo ka mea hoʻohewa ʻo SN Kruglikov: "Ua hana ka mea hoʻomaka mua ma Antonida. ʻO ka hoihoi nui i hoʻāla ʻia i ka lehulehu e ka mea hana keaka novice, ka hoihoi a ka lehulehu i hoʻololi ai i nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka Antonida hou, ʻo kāna kūleʻa hoʻoholo ma hope koke o ka hana maʻalahi a maʻalahi o ka puka aria, e like me kou ʻike, ʻo ia ka mea nui loa. ʻO nā helu paʻakikī o nā palapala opera, hāʻawi i nā kuleana āpau e hilinaʻi he hauʻoli a maikaʻi hoʻi ko Nezhdanov i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei kekahi o nā hoa punahele a ka mea pena kiʻi ʻo SI Migai: "Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolohe i kāna hana ʻana i nā opera a Glinka, ua hāʻawi mai lākou iaʻu i ka leʻaleʻa kūikawā. Ma ke kuleana o Antonida, ua hānai ʻia ke kiʻi o kahi kaikamahine Lūkini maʻalahi e Nezhdanova i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēlā me kēia leo o kēia ʻāpana i ka ʻuhane o nā kiʻi poʻe Lūkini, a ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻōlelo he hōʻike iaʻu. I ka hoʻolohe ʻana iā Antonina Vasilievna, ua poina loa wau e pili ana i nā pilikia leo o ka cavatina "Ke nānā nei au i kahi māla maʻemaʻe ...", i ke ʻano o koʻu hauʻoli ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka puʻuwai, i loko o ke kani ʻana o kona leo. ʻAʻole he aka o ka "hoʻokani" a ʻehaʻeha paha i kāna hana ʻana i ke aloha "ʻAʻole au e kanikau no kēlā, e nā hoaaloha", i hoʻopiha ʻia me ke kaumaha maoli, akā ʻaʻole kekahi e ʻōlelo i ka nāwaliwali o ka noʻonoʻo - ma ke ʻano o ke kaikamahine a he kanaka mahiʻai, ua manaʻo kekahi i ka ikaika a me ka waiwai o ke ola ".
ʻO ka hapa o Antonida e wehe i ka hale kiʻi o nā kiʻi hoʻohiwahiwa i hana ʻia e Nezhdanova ma nā keaka e nā mea haku mele Lūkini: Lyudmila (Ruslan and Lyudmila, 1902); Volkhov ("Sadko", 1906); Tatiana ("Eugene Onegin", 1906); The Snow Maiden (opera o ka inoa like, 1907); Queen of Shemakhan (The Golden Cockerel, 1909); Marfa (The Tsar's Bride, February 2, 1916); Iolanta (opera o ka inoa like, Ianuali 25, 1917); ʻO ke Kamāliʻiwahine Swan (“The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, 1920); Olga ("Mermaid", 1924); Parasya ("Sorochinskaya Fair", 1925).
"I kēlā me kēia mau hana, ua ʻike ka mea pena i nā ʻano noʻonoʻo pilikino ponoʻī, ke ʻano o ke ʻano, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mālamalama a me ke kala a me ka malu, e hoʻopiha ana i ke kiʻi leo me kahi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi i ʻike ʻia, laconic a me ka capacious e like me ke ʻano kiʻi. noʻonoʻo pono i ka lole," i kākau ai ʻo V. Kiselev. "Ua hui pū ʻia kāna mau heroine a pau e ka nani o ka wahine, ka manaʻolana haʻalulu o ka hauʻoli a me ke aloha. ʻO ia ke kumu i huli ai ʻo Nezhdanova, nona kahi soprano lyric-coloratura soprano, i nā ʻāpana i hoʻolālā ʻia no kahi soprano lyric, e like me Tatyana ma Eugene Onegin, e hoʻokō ana i ka hana kiʻi piha.
He mea koʻikoʻi ka hana ʻana o Nezhdanova i kāna hana haku hana - ʻo ke kiʻi o Martha i ka Tsar's Bride kokoke i ka hapalua o kāna ʻoihana, i ka makahiki 1916, a ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale i ka hana a hiki i ka hopena, me kahi hana mai ia mea i kāna hana makahiki o 1933. .
ʻO ka lyricism o ke aloha me kona kūpaʻa i loko, ka hānau ʻana o kahi ʻano ma o ke aloha, ke kiʻekiʻe o nā manaʻo - ke kumuhana o nā hana a pau a Nezhdanova. I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kiʻi o ka hauʻoli, ka wahine aloha ʻole, ka maʻemaʻe ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka hauʻoli, ua hele mai ka mea pena i ke kuleana o Martha. ʻO nā mea a pau i lohe iā Nezhdanova ma kēia kūlana, ua lanakilaʻo ia e ka pololei, kaʻoiaʻiʻo o kaʻuhane, a me ka hanohano o kāna heroine. ʻO ka mea pena kiʻi, me he mea lā, e pili ana i ke kumu ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana - ka ʻike o ka poʻe me kāna mau pono a me nā ʻano nani i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā kenekulia.
I loko o kāna mau memo, ʻōlelo ʻo Nezhdanova: "Ua kūleʻa loa ka hana a Martha iaʻu. Manaʻo wau ʻo ia kaʻu kūlana maikaʻi loa, lei aliʻi ... Ma ke kahua, ua ola au i ke ola maoli. Ua aʻo hohonu a noʻonoʻo wau i ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o Martha, noʻonoʻo a noʻonoʻo pono i kēlā me kēia huaʻōlelo, kēlā me kēia ʻōlelo a me nā neʻe, manaʻo i ka hana holoʻokoʻa mai ka hoʻomaka a i ka hopena. ʻO ka nui o nā kikoʻī e hōʻike ana i ke kiʻi o Marfa ua ʻike mua ʻia ma ke kahua i ka wā o ka hana, a ua lawe mai kēlā me kēia hana i kahi mea hou.
ʻO nā hale opera nui loa o ka honua i moeʻuhane i ke komo ʻana i nā ʻaelike lōʻihi me ka "Russian nightingale", akā ua hōʻole ʻo Nezhdanova i nā hana hoʻohiwahiwa loa. Hoʻokahi wale nō manawa i ʻae ai ka mea mele Lūkini nui e hoʻokani ma ke kahua o ka Parisian Grand Opera. I ʻApelila-Mei 1912, hīmeni ʻo ia i ka hapa o Gilda ma Rigoletto. ʻO kāna mau hoa ʻo ia nā mea mele Italia kaulana ʻo Enrico Caruso lāua ʻo Titta Ruffo.
"ʻO ka holomua o Mrs. Nezhdanova, kahi mele i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma Paris, ua like ia me ka kūleʻa o kāna mau hoa kaulana ʻo Caruso lāua ʻo Ruffo," i kākau ai ka mea hoʻohewa Farani. Ua kākau kekahi nūpepa: "ʻO kona leo, ʻo ka mea mua, he ʻike kupaianaha, kūpaʻa o ka leo a me ka māmā me nā papa inoa. A laila ʻike ʻo ia i ka hīmeni ʻana, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻike hohonu o ke ʻano o ka hīmeni ʻana, a i ka manawa like e hoʻopā ai ka poʻe hoʻolohe. He liʻiliʻi nā mea pena kiʻi i ko mākou manawa i hiki ke hoʻopuka i kēia ʻāpana, he kumukūʻai wale nō ke lawe ʻia. Ua hoʻokō ʻo Mrs. Nezhdanova i kēia hana kūpono, a ua ʻike pono ʻia e nā mea a pau.
I ka wā Soviet, ua kipa ka mea mele i nā kūlanakauhale he nui o ka ʻāina, e hōʻike ana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Bolshoi. Ke hoʻonui nui nei kāna mau hana ʻahamele.
No ka aneane iwakālua makahiki, a hiki i ka Great Patriotic War pono'ī, ua kamaʻilio mau ʻo Nezhdanova ma ka lekiō. ʻO kāna hoa paʻa mau i nā hana keʻena ʻo N. Golovanov. I ka makahiki 1922, me kēia mea pena, ua hana ʻo Antonina Vasilievna i kahi huakaʻi lanakila ma ʻEulopa Komohana a me nā ʻāina Baltic.
Ua hoʻohana ʻo Nezhdanova i ka waiwai o ka ʻike ma ke ʻano he opera a me ke keʻena mele i kāna hana aʻo. Mai ka makahiki 1936, ua a'o 'o ia ma ka Opera Studio o ka Bolshoi Theatre, a laila ma ka Opera Studio i kapa 'ia ma hope o KS Stanislavsky. Mai ka makahiki 1944, he polopeka 'o Antonina Vasilievna ma ka Conservatory o Moscow.
Ua make ʻo Nezhdanova ma Iune 26, 1950 ma Moscow.
