Avet Rubenovich Terterian (Avet Terterian) |

Terterian Avet

… He haku mele ʻo Avet Terteryan nona ka symphonism he ʻano hōʻike maoli. K. Meyer

ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia nā lā a me nā manawa e ʻoi aku ka psychologically a me ka naʻau ma mua o nā makahiki he nui, e lilo i ʻano hoʻololi i ke ola o ke kanaka, e hoʻoholo i kona hopena, ʻoihana. No kahi keikikāne he ʻumikūmālua makahiki, ma hope o ka mea haku mele Soviet kaulana ʻo Avet Terteryan, ʻo nā lā o ka noho ʻana o Sergei Prokofiev a me kona mau hoaaloha ma ka hale o nā mākua o Avet, ma Baku, i ka hopena o 1941, lilo i pōkole, akā ikaika. . ʻO ke ʻano o Prokofiev e paʻa ai iā ia iho, e kamaʻilio, e hōʻike ana i kona manaʻo ma ke ākea, maopopo loa a hoʻomaka i kēlā me kēia lā me ka hana. A laila e haku ana ʻo ia i ka opera "War and Peace", a i ke kakahiaka, lele maila nā leo mele kupaianaha mai ka lumi hoʻokipa, kahi i kū ai ka piano.

Ua haʻalele nā ​​malihini, akā i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, i ka wā i kū ai ka nīnau no ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻoihana - inā paha e hahai i nā wāwae o kona makuakāne i kahi kula olakino a koho paha i kahi mea ʻē aʻe - ua hoʻoholo paʻa ke kanaka ʻōpio - i kahi kula mele. Ua loaʻa iā Avet kāna hoʻonaʻauao mele mua mai kahi ʻohana mele nui loa - kona makuakāne, kahi laryngologist kaulana i Baku, mai kēlā me kēia manawa ua kono ʻia e hīmeni i nā kuleana poʻo inoa ma nā keaka e P. Tchaikovsky lāua ʻo G. Verdi, kona makuahine. Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi soprano dramatic maikaʻi loa, ua lilo kona kaikaina ʻo Herman i alakaʻi.

ʻO ka mea haku mele ʻAmenia ʻo A. Satyan, ka mea kākau o nā mele kaulana loa ma Armenia, a me ke kumu kaulana ʻo G. Litinsky, ʻoiai ma Baku, ua aʻo ikaika iā Terteryan e hele i Yerevan a e aʻo pono i ka haku mele. A ua komo koke ʻo Avet i ka Yerevan Conservatory, i ka papa haku mele o E. Mirzoyan. I ka wā o kāna aʻo ʻana, kākau ʻo ia i ka Sonata no Cello a me Piano, i hāʻawi ʻia i ka makana ma ka hoʻokūkū repubalika a ma ka All-Union Review of Young Composers, romances ma nā ʻōlelo a nā haku mele Lūkini a me Armenia, ka Quartet ma C major, ka leo-symphonic pōʻaiapuni "Motherland" - he hana e lawe mai ia ia i ka pomaikai maoli, haawi i ka All-Union Prize ma ka Young Composers Competition ma 1962, a me ka makahiki ma hope, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o A. Zhuraitis, kani ia i loko o ka Hale o Nā kolamu.

Ma hope o ka holomua mua, hiki mai nā hoʻokolohua mua e pili ana i ka pōʻai leo-symphonic i kapa ʻia ʻo "Revolution". ʻO ka hana mua o ka hana ka hope loa. ʻAʻole naʻe i makehewa ka hana. ʻO nā pauku kupaianaha o ka haku mele ʻAmenia, ka mea mele o ke kipi, ʻo Yeghishe Charents, ua hopu i ka noʻonoʻo o ka mea haku mele me ko lākou ikaika ikaika, kani mōʻaukala, ikaika hoʻolaha. ʻO ia ka manawa, i ka wā o ka hana ʻole ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻano nui o nā mana a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumumanaʻo nui o ka hana. A laila, i ka makahiki 35, ua ʻike maopopo ka haku mele - inā ʻaʻole ʻoe, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e komo i ka haku mele, a i ka wā e hiki mai ana e hōʻoia ʻo ia i ka pono o kēia manaʻo: ʻo kāna kumu ponoʻī ... Ua ala aʻe i ka hui ʻana o nā manaʻo - Motherland a me Revolution, ka ʻike dialectical o kēia mau nui, dramatic ke ʻano o kā lākou pilina. ʻO ka manaʻo e kākau i kahi keaka i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā kumu moʻomeheu kiʻekiʻe o ka mele a Charents i hoʻouna i ka mea haku mele e ʻimi i kahi manaʻo kipi. ʻO ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo V. Shakhnazaryan, ua hoihoi ʻia e hana ma ke ʻano he librittist, ua manaʻo koke ʻo ia - ʻo ka moʻolelo a B. Lavrenev "Kāhākūmākahi". Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hana o ka opera i Armenia, kahi i hoʻomaka ai nā kaua kipi ma nā mauna o Zangezur i nā makahiki like. ʻO nā koa he kaikamahine mahiʻai a he lutanela mai nā pūʻali koa pre-revolutionary mua. Ua lohe ʻia nā pauku hoihoi a Charrents ma ka opera e ka mea heluhelu, ma ka papa himeni a ma nā ʻāpana solo.

Ua loaʻa i ka opera ka pane ākea, ua ʻike ʻia he hana ʻālohilohi, akamai, hana hou. He mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma Yerevan (1967), ua hana ʻia ma ke kahua o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma Halle (GDR), a ma 1978 ua wehe ʻo ia i ka International Festival of GF Handel, i mālama ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka ʻāina hānau o ka haku mele.

Ma hope o ka hana ʻana i ka opera, kākau ka mea haku mele i 6 symphonies. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻomaopopo noʻonoʻo i nā wahi symphonic o nā kiʻi like, ʻo ia nā kumuhana like ʻole e huki iā ia. A laila ʻo ka ballet "Richard III" e pili ana iā W. Shakespeare, ka opera "Earthquake" e pili ana i ka moʻolelo o ka mea kākau Kelemania ʻo G. Kleist "Earthquake in Chile" a me nā symphonies - Seventh, Eighth - puka mai. ʻO ka mea i hoʻolohe pono i hoʻokahi manawa i kekahi symphony o Terteryaia e ʻike maʻalahi i kāna mele. He kiko'ī, spatial, pono ka nānā pono. Ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo kēlā me kēia kani e puka mai ana he kiʻi iā ia iho, he manaʻo, a ke hahai nei mākou me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i kāna neʻe hou ʻana, e like me ka hopena o kahi meʻe. ʻO ke kiʻi leo o nā symphonies a hiki i ka hōʻike ʻana i ke kahua: ka leo-māka, ka leo-actor, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi hoʻohālikelike mele, a wehe mākou i kona ʻano. Paipai nā hana a Terteryan i ka mea hoʻolohe e hoʻohuli i ko lākou nānā i loko i nā waiwai maoli o ke ola, i kona mau kumu mau loa, e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka palupalu o ka honua a me kona nani. No laila, ʻo nā kiʻekiʻe poʻomanaʻo o nā symphonies a me nā opera a Terterian e lilo i mau huaʻōlelo mele maʻalahi loa o ke kumu o ka poʻe, i hana ʻia e ka leo, ka mea maoli o nā mea kani, a i ʻole nā ​​mea kani. ʻO kēia ke kani ʻana o ka hapa 2 o ka Second Symphony - kahi improvisation baritone monophonic; he hanana mai ka Third Symphony - he hui o ʻelua noho a me ʻelua zurns; ke mele o ka kamancha e komo ana i ka pōʻai holoʻokoʻa i ka Fifth Symphony; pāʻina dapa i ka ʻEhiku; ma ke ono o ka piko e loaʻa kahi mele, kahi ma kahi o nā hua'ōlelo aia nā leo o ka pī'āpā Armenia "ayb, ben, gim, dan", a me nā mea'ē aʻe ma keʻano heʻano hōʻailona o ka mālamalama a me kaʻuhane. ʻO ka mea maʻalahi, me he mea lā, he mau hōʻailona, ​​​​akā he manaʻo hohonu ko lākou. Ma kēia, hoʻokani ka hana a Terteryan i ke ʻano o nā mea pena e like me A. Tarkovsky a me S. Parajanov. He aha kāu mau symphonies? nīnau nā mea hoʻolohe iā Terteryan. "No nā mea a pau," pane ka mea haku mele, e waiho ana i nā mea a pau e hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou ʻike.

Hoʻokani ʻia nā symphonies a Terterian ma nā ʻaha mele kaulana loa o ka honua - ma Zagreb, kahi e mālama ʻia ai ka loiloi o nā mele o kēia wā i kēlā me kēia pūnāwai, ma ka "Warsaw Autumn", ma West Berlin. Hoʻokani pū lākou i ko mākou ʻāina – ma Yerevan, Moscow, Leningrad, Tbilisi, Minsk, Tallinn, Novosibirsk, Saratov, Tashkent… No ka mea alakaʻi, ua wehe ke mele a Terteryan i ka manawa e hoʻohana ai i kona hiki ke hana i mea hoʻokani pila. Me he mea lā ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka mea hoʻokani ma ʻaneʻi. ʻO kahi kikoʻī hoihoi: nā symphonies, e pili ana i ka wehewehe ʻana, i ka hiki, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka mea haku mele, e "hoʻolohe i ke kani", hiki ke mau i nā manawa like ʻole. Ua kani kāna Symphony ʻEhā i nā minuke 22 a me 30, ʻo ka Seventh - a me 27 a me 38! ʻO D. Khanjyan, he unuhi ʻōlelo maikaʻi loa o kāna mau symphonies mua loa. ʻO G. Rozhdestvensky, ma kāna hana nani i hoʻokani ʻia ka ʻEhā a me ka Lima, ʻo A. Lazarev, i kāna hana ʻana i ke kani ʻana o ka Sixth Symphony, i kākau ʻia no ka chamber orchestra, chamber choir a me 4 phonograms me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi mele symphony nui, harpsichords a me ka bele. nā kani kani.

Ke kono pū nei ka mele a Terteryan i ka mea hoʻolohe i ka hoʻopili. ʻO kāna pahuhopu nui ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hana ʻuhane o ka mea haku mele, ka mea hoʻokani a me ka mea hoʻolohe i loko o kahi ʻike luhi a paʻakikī o ke ola.

M. Rukhkyan