Bruno Walter |

Bruno Walter

ʻO ka hana a Bruno Walter kekahi o nā ʻaoʻao ʻoi loa o ka mōʻaukala o ka hana mele. No ka aneane ʻehiku mau makahiki, ua kū ʻo ia ma ke kahua o ke alakaʻi ma nā hale keaka nui a me nā hale ʻaha mele a puni ka honua, a ʻaʻole i pau kona kaulana a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā. ʻO Bruno Walter kekahi o nā ʻelele kupaianaha loa o ka galaxy o nā alakaʻi Kelemania i hele mai i mua i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kā mākou kenekulia. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma Berlin, i loko o kahi ʻohana maʻalahi, a ua hōʻike ʻo ia i nā mākaukau mua i ʻike iā ia i kahi mea pena kiʻi i loko ona. ʻOiai ʻo ia e aʻo ana ma ka conservatory, ua haku ʻo ia i ʻelua mau mea kūikawā - pianistic a me ka haku mele. Eia naʻe, e like me ka mea maʻamau, ua koho ʻo ia i ke ala ʻekolu ma muli o ka hopena, a lilo i alakaʻi. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia kēia e kona makemake i nā ʻaha mele symphony, kahi i lohe ai ʻo ia i nā hana a Hans Bülow, kekahi o nā alakaʻi alakaʻi a me nā pianists o ke kenekulia i hala.

I ka makahiki ʻumikūmāhiku o Walter, ua puka mua ʻo ia mai ka conservatory a ua lawe ʻo ia i kāna kūlana mua ma ke ʻano he piano-accompanist ma ka Hale ʻOpera Cologne, a hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna alakaʻi alakaʻi ma ʻaneʻi. Ua neʻe koke ʻo Walter i Hamburg, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e hana ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Gustav Mahler, nāna i hoʻoikaika nui i ka mea kiʻi ʻōpio. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo Mahler ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i kahi kula holoʻokoʻa o nā alakaʻi, kahi i pili pono ai ʻo Walter i kekahi o nā wahi mua. ʻElua makahiki i hala ma Hamburg, ua ʻike ka mea hoʻokani pila i nā mea huna o ka mākaukau ʻoihana; Ua hoʻonui ʻo ia i kāna repertoire a ua lilo ʻo ia i mea koʻikoʻi ma ka pae mele. A laila no kekahi mau makahiki, alaka'i 'o ia ma nā hale keaka o Bratislava, Riga, Berlin, Vienna (1901-1911). Maanei i hui hou ai ka hopena me Mahler.

I ka makahiki 1913-1922, ʻo Walter ka "hoʻokele mele nui" ma Munich, alakaʻi i nā ʻahaʻaina Mozart a me Wagner, ma 1925 ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka Berlin State Opera, a ʻehā makahiki ma hope, ʻo ka Leipzig Gewandhaus. ʻO kēia nā makahiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka hana ʻahamele a ka mea alakaʻi, i lanakila ai ka ʻike ʻāina āpau ma ʻEulopa. I loko o ia manawa, ua kipa pinepine ʻo ia i ko mākou ʻāina, kahi i mālama ʻia ai kāna mau huakaʻi me ka kūleʻa mau. Ma Rusia, a laila ma ka Soviet Union, he nui nā hoaaloha o Walter ma waena o nā mea mele. He mea mahalo 'o ia ka mea ho'okani mua ma waho o Dmitri Shostakovich's First Symphony. Ma ka manawa like, komo ka mea pena i nā ʻahaʻaina Salzburg a alakaʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Covent Garden.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kanakolu, ʻo Bruno Walter aia i ka poʻokela o kāna ʻoihana. Akā me ka hiki ʻana mai o Hitlerism, ua koi ʻia ka alakaʻi kaulana e holo i Kelemania, mua i Vienna (1936), a laila i Farani (1938) a, hope loa, i ka USA. Ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ia i alakaʻi ai ma ka Metropolitan Opera, i hoʻokani me nā mea hoʻokani pila maikaʻi loa. Ma hope wale nō o ke kaua i ʻike hou ai ka ʻahamele a me nā hale keaka o ʻEulopa iā Walter. ʻAʻole i pau ka ikaika o kāna ʻoihana i kēia manawa. E like me kona mau makahiki ʻōpio, ua leʻaleʻa ʻo ia i ka poʻe hoʻolohe me ka laulā o kāna mau manaʻo, a me ka ikaika wiwo ʻole, a me ke ʻano o ka naʻau. No laila ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka poʻe a pau i lohe i ke alakaʻi.

ʻO nā'ahamele hope loa o Walter i hanaʻia ma Vienna, ma mua koke o ka makeʻana o ka mea pena. Ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi, ua hoʻokani ʻia ʻo Schubert's Unfinished Symphony a me Mahler's Fourth.

Nui loa ko Bruno Walter repertoire. ʻO ka wahi kikowaena i loko o ia mea i noho ʻia e nā hana a nā mea haku mele mele kahiko Kelemania a me Austrian. ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia me ke kumu kūpono i hōʻike ʻia nā papahana a Walter i ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ka symphony Kelemania - mai Mozart a me Beethoven a Bruckner a me Mahler. A ma ʻaneʻi nō hoʻi i loko o nā keaka, i wehe ʻia ke talena o ke alakaʻi me ka ikaika loa. Akā i ka manawa like, ua kau ʻia iā ia nā pāʻani liʻiliʻi a me nā hana a nā mea kākau o kēia wā. Mai kekahi mele maoli, ua ʻike ʻo ia i ke kālai ʻana i ke ahi o ke ola a me ka nani maoli.

Ua mālama ʻia kahi hapa nui o ka repertoire a Bruno Walter ma nā moʻolelo. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou ʻaʻole wale e hōʻike iā mākou i ka mana pau ʻole o kāna hana, akā e ʻae pū i ka mea hoʻolohe e komo i loko o kāna hale hana hana. ʻO ka mea hope e pili ana i nā hoʻopaʻa leo o nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a Bruno Walter, e hoʻolohe ana iā ʻoe me ka makemake ʻole i loko o kou noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano hanohano a hanohano o kēia haku koʻikoʻi.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969