Denise Duval (Denise Duval) |

Denise Duval

ʻOpera mele Poulenc

1. ʻO Francis Poulenc a me ke akamai o ke kenekulia 20

"Makemake wau i kahi mea hoʻokani pila a me kahi kanaka i hana i nā mele kūlohelohe e hoʻokaʻawale iā ʻoe mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. I loko o ka whirlpool o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻonaninani, nā ʻōlelo a nā mana e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻokau, noho ʻoe iā ʻoe iho - kahi wiwo ʻole e pono ai ke mahalo ʻia, ”kākau ʻo Arthur Honegger iā Francis Poulenc i kekahi o kāna mau leka. Hōʻike kēia mau huaʻōlelo i ka quintessence o ka nani o Pulenkov. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kēia haku mele i kahi kūlana kūikawā ma waena o nā mea haku mele o ke kenekulia 20. Ma hope o kēia mau huaʻōlelo koʻikoʻi (ma hope o nā mea a pau, he mea kūikawā kēlā me kēia haku nui i kekahi mea!) hūnā naʻe, he ʻoiaʻiʻo koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kiʻi o ke kenekulia 20, me kāna mau ʻokoʻa maikaʻi loa, he nui nā ʻano maʻamau. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia e like me kēia: ka mana o ka formalism, i hui pū ʻia me ka aestheticism, ʻono ʻia me ka anti-romanticism a me ka makemake luhi no ka mea hou a me ka hoʻokahuli ʻana i nā kiʻi kahiko. Ke "kūʻai aku" i ko lākou mau ʻuhane i ka "diabolo" o ka holomua a me ka moʻomeheu, nui nā mea hana kiʻi i hoʻokō i nā hana kupaianaha ma ke ʻano o nā mea hana kiʻi, he mea kupaianaha iā ia iho. Eia naʻe, nui nā poho i kekahi manawa. I nā kūlana hou, ʻaʻole hōʻike hou ka mea hana i kona ʻano i ka honua, akā kūkulu i kahi mea hou. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻo ia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kāna ʻōlelo kumu, i ka pōʻino o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka naʻau. Ua mākaukau ʻo ia e kaumaha i ka pono a me ka eclecticism, e haʻalele i ka wā hou a lawe ʻia me ka stylization - maikaʻi nā ala āpau inā ma kēia ala e hiki ai ke kūleʻa. E hele i kou ala pono'ī, mai hoʻohenehene ma mua o ke ana ʻana me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo maʻamau, akā manaʻo ʻoe i ka puʻuwai o ka manawa; e hoʻomau i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, akā i ka manawa like ʻaʻole e paʻa i ka "alanui" - kahi makana kūikawā i hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea liʻiliʻi. ʻO ia, no ka laʻana, ʻo Modigliani lāua ʻo Petrov-Vodkin i ka pena kiʻi a i ʻole ʻo Puccini lāua ʻo Rachmaninoff i ke mele. Aia kekahi mau inoa ʻē aʻe. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke mele, aia ʻo Prokofiev e like me ka "pōhaku", nāna i hoʻokō i kahi hui maikaʻi o "physics" a me "lyrics". ʻAʻole kūʻē ka manaʻo a me nā architectonics o ka ʻōlelo noʻeau kumu āna i hana ai i ka lyricism a me ka melodism, ka mea i lilo i mau ʻenemi mua no nā mea hana koʻikoʻi, nāna i hāʻawi iā lākou i ke ʻano māmā.

No kēia ʻohana liʻiliʻi ʻo Poulenc, ka mea i kāna hana i hoʻomohala i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ka moʻomeheu mele Farani (me ka "lyrical opera"), e mālama i ka wikiwiki a me ka lyricism o nā manaʻo, ʻaʻole e waiho ʻole i kahi helu. o na hana nui a me na hana hou o keia wa.

Ua hoʻokokoke ʻo Poulenc i ka haku mele ma ke ʻano he haku makua me nā hana he nui ma hope ona. ʻO kāna mau hana mua i kākau ʻia i ka makahiki 1916, ʻoiai ʻo ka opera mua, ʻo Breasts of Tiresias, i kākau ʻia e ka mea haku mele ma 1944 (hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1947 ma ka Comic Opera). A iā ia ʻekolu o lākou. I ka makahiki 1956, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā Dialogues of the Carmelites (ua hoʻomaka ka honua i ka makahiki 1957 ma La Scala), i ka makahiki 1958 ʻo The Human Voice (hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kahua ma 1959 ma ka Opera Comic). I ka makahiki 1961, ua hana ka mea haku mele i kahi hana ʻokoʻa loa, ʻo The Lady from Monte Carlo, āna i kapa ai he monologue no ka soprano a me ka orchestra. ʻO ka inoa o ka mea mele Palani ʻo Denise Duval i pili pū me kēia mau mele a pau.

2. Denise Duval – ʻO ka "opera muse" a Poulenc

Ua ʻike ʻo ia iā ia, ʻoluʻolu, nani, nani, me he mea lā i iho mai nā canvases o Van Dongen, ma ka Petit Theatre, ma ke kahua kahi i hoʻokani ʻia ai nā hana hoʻokahi o ka Opera Comic i ka manawa like. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka mea haku mele e nānā iā ia - ka mea mele a me ka mea hoʻokani mai ka Folies Bergère - ke alakaʻi o kāna keaka mua, ʻo Max de Rieux. ʻO Duval, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana iā Tosca, ua hahau iā Poulenc ma kahi. Uaʻike kokeʻo iaʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke loaʻa ka mea hoʻokani maikaʻi loa o ka hana nui Teresa-Tiresia. Ma waho aʻe o kāna mau mana leo maikaʻi, ua hauʻoli ʻo ia i ke kūʻokoʻa noʻeau a me kahi ʻano hoʻomākeʻaka maikaʻi, pono no ka opera buffoon. Mai kēia manawa, ua lilo ʻo Duval i mea komo nui i ka hapa nui o kāna mau mele leo a me nā haku mele (koe naʻe ka hana ʻana o Milan o Dialogues, kahi i hana ʻia ai ka hapa nui e Virginia Zeani).

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Denis Duval i ka makahiki 1921 ma Paris. Ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ka conservatory ma Bordeaux, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia ma ke kahua opera i ka makahiki 1943 ma Rural Honor (ko Lola ʻāpana). ʻO ka mea mele, nona kahi kālena hana maikaʻi, ʻaʻole i hoihoi wale ʻia e ke kahua opera. Mai ka makahiki 1944, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia iā ia iho i ka revue o ka Folies Bergère kaulana. Ua loli nui ke ola i ka makahiki 1947, i kona kono mua ʻana i ka Grand Opera, kahi āna i hīmeni ai iā Salome ma Massenet's Herodias, a laila i ka Opera Comic. Ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ia i hui ai me Poulenc, kahi pilina makamaka i hoʻomau ʻia a hiki i ka make ʻana o ka mea haku mele.

ʻO ka hoʻomaka mua o ka opera "Breasts of Tiresias" * ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻano kānalua mai ka lehulehu. ʻO nā ʻelele ʻoi loa o ke kaiāulu mele i hiki ke mahalo i kēia farce surrealistic e pili ana i ka pāʻani o ka inoa like a Guillaume Apollinaire. ʻO ka opera aʻe "Dialogues of the Carmelites", i hana ʻia e ke kauoha o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni "La Scala", i lilo i lanakila ʻole o ka mea haku mele. Akā ma mua o 10 mau makahiki. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻoihana opera a Duval no kekahi mau makahiki me ka Monte Carlo Theatre. Ma waena o nā hana i hana ʻia ma kēia kahua ʻo Thais ma Massenet's opera o ka inoa like (1950), Ninetta in Prokofiev's The Love for Three Oranges (1952), Concepcion in the Spanish Hour by Ravel (1952), Musetta (1953) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki 1953, hīmeni ʻo Duval ma La Scala ma ka ʻōlelo a Honegger ʻo Joan of Arc ma ke kahua. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua komo ʻo ia i ka hana ʻana o Rameau's Gallant Indies ma ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻo Florentine Musical May. I ka makahiki 50 mua, ua holo maikaʻi ka mea mele i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻelua (i ka makahiki 1953 ua hīmeni ʻo ia i ka hana ʻAmelika o ka opera The Breasts of Tiresias).

ʻO ka mea hope loa, i ka makahiki 1957, ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana ma Milan, ua hana ʻia ka hoʻomaka mua o Paris o Dialogues des Carmelites**. Ua hauʻoli ka poʻe i ka opera ponoʻī a me Duval ʻo Blanche. ʻO Poulenc, ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu i ka hana ʻana o Italia i Italia, hiki ke ʻoluʻolu i kēia manawa. Ua lanakila loa ke kaila parlando ma luna o ke kaila bel canto. A ʻo ka hana koʻikoʻi ma kēia hoʻololi ʻana o ka opera i hoʻokani ʻia e ke kālena akamai a Duval.

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana a Poulenc, a me ka ʻoihana opera a Duval, ʻo ia ka mono-opera The Human Voice***. Ua hoʻomaka ka honua i ka lā 6 Pepeluali, 1959 ma ka Opera Comic. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hoʻokani ʻia ka opera ma La Scala (1959), a me nā ʻahaʻaina ma Edinburgh, Glyndebourne a me Aix-en-Provence (1960). A ma nā wahi a pau, ua hui pū ʻia ka haku mele e Duval me ka lanakila.

Ma kēia hana, ua hoʻokō ʻo Poulenc i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka manaʻo o ke kanaka, kahi waiwai nui o ka leo mele. I ka haku mele ʻana, helu ka mea haku mele iā Duval, i kona hiki ke hoʻokomo i ke kiʻi o kahi wahine haʻalele. No laila me ke kuleana piha, hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo i ka mea mele i mea kākau pū o kēia haku. A i kēia lā, e ho'olohe ana i ka hana a ka mea mele "The Human Voice", 'a'ole hiki i kekahi ke noho 'ole i kona akamai kupaianaha.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o Duval ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana o ka mono-opera. I ka makahiki 1959, ua komo 'o ia i ka honua mua o Nikolai Nabokov opera The Death of Rasputin in Cologne. Mai ka makahiki 1960, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Colon, kahi āna i hoʻopau ai i nā kau he nui. Ma waena o nā pāʻina i hana ʻia e ka mea mele ʻo Tosca, ʻo Juliet ma "The Tales of Hoffmann" a me nā kuleana ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki 1962-63 ua hīmeni ʻo ia iā Mélisande ma Glyndebourne Festival. I ka makahiki 1965, haʻalele ʻo Duval i ke kahua e hoʻolaʻa iā ia iho i ke aʻo ʻana, a me ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka opera.

Evgeny Tsodokov

Notes:

* Eia kahi hōʻuluʻulu o ka opera "Breasts of Tiresias" - he absurdist farce e pili ana i ka pāʻani o ka inoa like e G. Apollinaire: Exotic Zanzibar. ʻO Teresa, he wahine ʻōpio eccentric, makemake nui i ka lilo ʻana i kāne a lilo i kaulana. Hoʻokō ka moeʻuhane ma kahi ala maikaʻi loa. Ua lilo ʻo ia i ʻumiʻumi ʻo Tiresias, a ʻo kāna kāne, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, lilo ia i wahine e hana ana i nā keiki 48048 i ka lā (!), No ka mea, pono ʻo Zanzibar e hoʻonui i ka heluna kanaka. ʻO ka "hana" o kēia mau keiki e like me kēia: makemake ke kāne e hana i kahi mea kākau moʻolelo, hoʻolei i nā nūpepa, kahi inkwell, ʻokiʻoki i loko o ka stroller a hāwanawana i nā kiʻi. A laila nā mea a pau i ka ʻuhane hoʻokahi. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia me ka pūʻulu o nā ʻano hana pupule āpau (me ka duel, clowning) nā huaʻōlelo buffoon, ʻaʻohe loina pili i ka pā. Ma hope o kēia rampage a pau, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Teresa ma ke ʻano he kilokilo a hui pū me kāna kāne. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā hana a pau ma ka honua premiere ma ke ʻano huhū loa. No laila, no ka laʻana, i ka wā o ka hana, piʻi nui nā umauma wahine i ke ʻano o nā baluna i ka lewa a nalowale, e hōʻailona ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wahine i ke kāne. ʻO ka hana mua Lūkini o ka opera i hana ʻia ma 1992 ma ka Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre (i alakaʻi ʻia e G. Isahakyan).

** No ka opera “Dialogues of the Carmelites” e nānā: Encyclopedic Dictionary “Opera”, M. “Composer”, 1999, p. 121.

*** No ka opera The Human Voice, e nana ibid., p. 452. Ua hoʻokani mua ʻia ka opera ma ke kahua Lūkini i ka makahiki 1965, ma ka hana ʻaha mele (soloist Nadezhda Yureneva), a laila ma ke kahua o ka Bolshoi Theatre (soloist Galina Vishnevskaya).