Giulietta Simionato |

Giulietta Simionato

ʻO ka poʻe i ʻike a aloha iā Juliet Simionato, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole lākou i lohe iā ia i loko o ka hale keaka, ua maopopo ka manaʻo e ola ʻo ia i hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki. Ua lawa ka nānā ʻana i ke kiʻi o ka mea mele hina a nani mau i loko o kahi pāpale ʻulaʻula: aia mau ka maʻalahi i kona helehelena. Ua kaulana ʻo Simionato no kona ʻano ʻakaʻaka. Akā naʻe, ua make ʻo Juliet Simionato i hoʻokahi pule wale nō ma mua o kona makahiki he kenekulia, ma ka lā 5 o Mei, 2010.

ʻO kekahi o nā mezzo-soprano kaulana loa o ke kenekulia iwakālua i hānau ʻia ma Mei 12, 1910 ma Forlì, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Emilia-Romagna, ma kahi o ka hapalua ma waena o Bologna a me Rimini, i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi kiaʻāina hale paʻahao. ʻAʻole mai kēia mau wahi kona mau mākua, no Mirano kona makuakāne, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai Venise, a no ka mokupuni ʻo Sardinia kona makuahine. Ma ka home o kona makuahine ma Sardinia, ua hoʻohana ʻo Juliet (e like me kona kapa ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana; ʻo Julia kona inoa maoli) i kona wā kamaliʻi. I ka pihaʻana o ke kaikamahine iʻewalu makahiki, ua neʻe kaʻohana i Rovigo, ke kikowaena o ka moku'āina o ka inoa hoʻokahi ma ka moku Veneto. Ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Juliet i kahi kula Katolika, kahi i aʻo ʻia ai ʻo ia i ka pena kiʻi, ka hoʻolima ʻana, ka ʻai meaʻai, a me ka hīmeni. Ua huki koke nā nun i kāna makana mele. ʻO ka mea mele ponoʻī i ʻōlelo mai ua makemake mau ʻo ia e hīmeni. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia iā ia iho i loko o ka lumi lumi. ʻAʻole naʻe i laila! ʻO ka makuahine o Juliet, he wahine paʻakikī i hoʻomalu i ka ʻohana me ka lima hao a hoʻohana pinepine i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana i nā keiki, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e makemake ʻo ia e pepehi i kāna kaikamahine me kona mau lima ponoʻī ma mua o ka ʻae ʻana iā ia e lilo i mele. Akā naʻe, ua make ʻo Signora i ka piha ʻana o Juliet i 15 mau makahiki, a hāʻule ka pale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka makana kupanaha. Ua hoʻomaka ka mea kaulana e hiki mai ana e aʻo ma Rovigo, a laila ma Padua. ʻO Ettore Locatello lāua ʻo Guido Palumbo kāna mau kumu. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Giulietta Simionato i kāna hana mua i ka makahiki 1927 ma ke mele mele mele a Rossato ʻo Nina, Non fare la stupida (Nina, mai naʻaupō). Ua hele pū kona makuakāne me ia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. ʻO ia ka manawa i lohe ai ka Albanese baritone iā ia, nāna i wānana: "Inā hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono ʻia kēia leo, e hiki mai ana ka lā e hāʻule ai nā hale keaka mai ka paʻi ʻana." ʻO ka hana mua a Juliet ma ke ʻano he mele opera i hana ʻia i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, ma ke kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi o Montagnana kokoke i Padua (ma ke ala, ua hānau ʻia ʻo Aureliano Pertile punahele punahele a Toscanini).

Hoʻomanaʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Simionato i ka ʻōlelo ʻōlelo kaulana "Chi va piano, va sano e va lontano"; ʻO kāna mea like ʻo Rūsia ʻo "Ka holo mālie, ʻoi aku ʻoe." I ka makahiki 1933, ua lanakila 'o ia i ka ho'okûkû leo ma Florence (385 i komo), 'o Umberto Giordano ka pelekikena o ke kiure, ka mea kākau o Andre Chenier a me Fedora, a 'o Solomiya Krushelnitskaya, Rosina Storchio, Alessandro Bonci, Tullio Serafin kona mau lālā. I ka lohe ʻana iā Juliet, ʻōlelo ʻo Rosina Storchio (ka mea hoʻokani mua o ka hana a Madama Butterfly) iā ia: "E hīmeni mau ʻoe e kuʻu aloha."

ʻO ka lanakila ma ka hoʻokūkū i hāʻawi aku i ka mea mele ʻōpio i ka manawa e hoʻolohe ai ma La Scala. Ua kau inoa ʻo ia i kāna ʻaelike mua me ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni kaulana ʻo Milan i ka makahiki 1935-36. He ʻaelike hoihoi ia: Pono ʻo Juliet e aʻo i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi āpau a hele i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa āpau. ʻO kāna mau hana mua ma La Scala ʻo ia ka Mistress of the Novices ma Sister Angelica a me Giovanna ma Rigoletto. Ua hala nā kau he nui i ka hana kuleana ʻaʻole i lawe mai i ka ʻoluʻolu a kaulana (Simionato mele Flora ma La Traviata, Siebel ma Faust, ka Savoyard liʻiliʻi ma Fyodor, etc.). ʻO ka hope loa, i ka makahiki 1940, ua koi ʻo Mariano Stabile e hīmeni ʻo Juliet i ka ʻāpana o Cherubino ma Le nozze di Figaro ma Trieste. Akā ma mua o ka lanakila nui maoli, pono e kali hou i ʻelima mau makahiki: ua lawe ʻia iā Juliet e ke kuleana o Dorabella ma Così fan tutte. I ka makahiki 1940, hana ʻo Simionato ma ke ʻano he Santuzza ma Rural Honor. Ua kū ka mea kākau ma hope o ka console, a ʻo ia ka muli loa o ka poʻe soloists: ʻo kāna "keiki" he iwakālua mau makahiki i ʻoi aku ma mua o ia.

A ʻo ka mea hope loa, he holomua: i ka makahiki 1947, ma Genoa, hīmeni ʻo Simionato i ka hapa nui o ka opera a Tom "Mignon" a i kekahi mau mahina ma hope mai e hana hou ia ma La Scala (ʻo kāna Wilhelm Meister ʻo Giuseppe Di Stefano). I kēia manawa, hiki i kekahi ke ʻakaʻaka i ka heluhelu ʻana i nā pane ma nā nūpepa: "ʻO Giulietta Simionato, ka mea a mākou i ʻike ai ma nā lālani hope, aia i kēia manawa ma ka mua, a no laila pono ia i ka pono." Ua lilo ke kuleana o Mignon i mea hōʻailona no Simionato, ma kēia keaka ʻo ia i hoʻomaka ai ma La Fenice ma Venice i ka makahiki 1948, a ma Mekikoka i ka makahiki 1949, kahi i hōʻike ai ka lehulehu i ka hoihoi nui iā ia. ʻOi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka manaʻo o Tullio Serafina: "ʻAʻole ʻoe i holomua wale nō, akā i nā somersaults maoli!" Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Maestro iā Giulietta ma hope o ka hana ʻana o "Così fan tutte" a hāʻawi iā ia i ke kuleana o Carmen. Akā, i kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻo Simionato i ke kanaka makua no kēia kuleana a loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika e hōʻole.

I ka makahiki 1948-49, huli mua ʻo Simionato i nā keaka o Rossini, Bellini a me Donizetti. Me ka mālie, ua hōʻea ʻo ia i nā kiʻekiʻe maoli ma kēia ʻano mele opera a lilo ʻo ia kekahi o nā kiʻi kaulana loa o ka Bel Canto Renaissance. ʻO kāna mau wehewehe ʻana i nā kuleana o Leonora ma The Favorite, ʻo Isabella ma The Italian Girl in Algiers, Rosina a me Cinderella, ʻo Romeo ma Capuleti a me Montagues a me Adalgisa ma Norma i mau maʻamau.

I ka makahiki 1948, ua hui ʻo Simionato me Callas. Ua hīmeni ʻo Juliet iā Mignon ma Venice, a hīmeni ʻo Maria iā Tristan lāua ʻo Isolde. Ua ulu aʻe ka pilina aloha ma waena o ka poʻe hīmeni. Hoʻokani pinepine lākou: ma "Anna Boleyn" ʻo Anna lāua ʻo Giovanna Seymour, ma "Norma" - Norma a me Adalgisa, ma "Aida" - Aida a me Amneris. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Simionato: "ʻO Maria lāua ʻo Renata Tebaldi wale nō ka mea i kapa mai iaʻu ʻo Giulia, ʻaʻole ʻo Juliet."

I ka makahiki 1950, ua lanakila ʻo Giulietta Simionato iā Austria. ʻO kāna mau loulou me ka Salzburg Festival, kahi āna i hīmeni pinepine ai ma lalo o ka pahu o Herbert von Karajan, a ikaika loa ka ʻOpera Vienna. ʻO kāna Orpheus ma Gluck's opera i ka makahiki 1959, i hopu ʻia i loko o kahi hoʻopaʻa leo, ʻo ia ka hōʻike poina ʻole loa o kāna hui pū ʻana me Karajan.

He mea pena kiʻi honua ʻo Simionato: ʻo nā hana "laʻa" no nā mezzo-sopranos ma nā keaka a Verdi - ʻo Azucena, Ulrika, ke Kamāliʻiwahine Eboli, ʻo Amneris - i hana ʻia nona a me nā hana ma nā keaka mele mele aloha. ʻO ia ka mea pāʻani ʻo Preciosilla ma The Force of Destiny a me ka wahine hilarious wikiwiki ma Falstaff. Ua noho ʻo ia ma ka moʻolelo o ka opera ʻo Carmen a me Charlotte ma Werther, ʻo Laura ma La Gioconda, ʻo Santuzza ma Rustic Honor, ke Kamāliʻiwahine de Bouillon ma Adrienne Lecouvrere a me ke Kamāliʻiwahine ma Sister Angelica. ʻO ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o kāna ʻoihana e pili ana i ka wehewehe ʻana i ka hana soprano o Valentina ma Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots. Ua hīmeni pū ka mea mele ʻItalia iā Marina Mnishek lāua ʻo Marfa i nā keaka mele a Mussorgsky. Akā i nā makahiki o kāna hana lōʻihi, ua hoʻokani ʻo Simionato i nā keaka e Monteverdi, Handel, Cimarosa, Mozart, Gluck, Bartok, Honegger, Richard Strauss. Ua hōʻea kāna repertoire i nā helu astronomical: 132 mau hana i nā hana a nā mea kākau 60.

Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi lanakila pilikino nui ma Berlioz's Les Troyens (hana mua ma La Scala) i ka makahiki 1960. I ka makahiki 1962, ua komo ʻo ia i ka hana hoʻohiwahiwa a Maria Callas ma ke kahua o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo Milan: ʻo ia ʻo Cherubini's Medea, a he mau hoaaloha kahiko. ʻO Maria ma ke ʻano o Medea, ʻo Juliet ma ke ʻano o Neris. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Simionato ʻo Pirene ma De Falla's Atlantis (ua wehewehe ʻo ia iā ia he "kūʻokoʻa loa a ʻaʻole hana keaka"). I ka makahiki 1964, hīmeni ʻo ia iā Azucena ma Il trovatore ma Covent Garden, kahi pāʻani i hoʻokani ʻia e Luchino Visconti. E hui hou me Maria - i kēia manawa ma Paris, ma 1965, ma Norma.

I Ianuali 1966, haʻalele ʻo Giulietta Simionato i ke kahua keaka. ʻO kāna hana hope loa i hana ʻia ma ka hapa liʻiliʻi o Servilia ma ka opera a Mozart "The Mercy of Titus" ma ke kahua o ka Teatro Piccola Scala. He 56 wale nō ona mau makahiki a maikaʻi loa kona leo a me ke kino. He nui loa kona mau hoa hana i nele, nele, a nele i ka naauao a me ka hanohano e hana i keia hana. Ua makemake ʻo Simionato i kona kiʻi e hoʻomau i ka nani i ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka lehulehu, a ua hoʻokō ʻia kēia. ʻO kona haʻalele ʻana mai ke kahua i hui pū ʻia me kahi hoʻoholo koʻikoʻi i kona ola pilikino: ua mare ʻo ia i kahi kauka kaulana, ʻo Mussolini ka mea lapaʻau pilikino ʻo Cesare Frugoni, nāna i mālama iā ia no nā makahiki he nui a he kanakolu mau makahiki i ʻoi aku ma mua ona. Ma hope o kēia male ʻana, ʻo ka male mua ʻana o ka mea mele me ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Renato Carenzio (ua kaʻawale lāua i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1940). Ua male pū ʻo Frugoni. ʻAʻole i noho ka male male ma Italia i kēlā manawa. ʻO kā lāua male ʻana ma hope wale nō o ka make ʻana o kāna wahine mua. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia lākou e noho pū no 12 mau makahiki. Ua make ʻo Frugoni i ka makahiki 1978. Ua mare hou ʻo Simionato, e hoʻopili ana i kona ola me kahi hoaaloha kahiko, ʻo Florio De Angeli; Ua make ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1996.

He kanahākūmāhā mau makahiki mai ke kahua, mai ka paʻi ʻana a me nā mea pā: Ua lilo ʻo Giulietta Simionato i moʻolelo i kona wā e ola ana. Ua ola ka moʻolelo, nani a maalea. Ua noho ʻo ia ma ke kiure o nā hoʻokūkū leo. Ma ka ʻaha mele no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana iā Carl Böhm ma ka Salzburg Festival i ka makahiki 1979, hīmeni ʻo ia i ka aria a Cherubino "Voi che sapete" mai ka Le nozze di Figaro a Mozart. I ka makahiki 1992, i ka wā i hoʻokumu ai ke alakaʻi ʻo Bruno Tosi i ka Maria Callas Society, ua lilo ʻo ia i pelekikena hanohano. I ka makahiki 1995, ua hoʻolauleʻa ʻo ia i kona lā hānau 95 ma ke kahua o ka hale keaka ʻo La Scala. ʻO ka huakaʻi hope loa a Simionato i hana ai i ka makahiki 2005, i XNUMX, ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia iā Maria: ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke kōkua i ka hoʻohanohano ʻana me kona alo i ka hanana o ka wehe ʻana o ke ala hele ma hope o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo La Fenice ma Venice no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka mea mele nui. a he hoa kahiko.

"ʻAʻole wau i manaʻo i ka nostalgia a me ka mihi. Ua hāʻawi wau i nā mea a pau i hiki iaʻu i kaʻu ʻoihana. Ua maluhia koʻu lunamanaʻo. ʻO kēia kekahi o kāna mau ʻōlelo hope loa i paʻi ʻia. ʻO Giulietta Simionato kekahi o nā mezzo-soprano koʻikoʻi o ke kenekulia iwakālua. ʻO ia ka hoʻoilina maoli o ka Catalan Conchita Supervia hiki ʻole ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia me ka hoʻōla hou ʻana i ka repertoire a Rossini no ka leo wahine haʻahaʻa. Akā ʻo nā hana koʻikoʻi ʻo Verdi i lanakila ʻo Simionato. ʻAʻole nui loa kona leo, akā ʻālohilohi, kū hoʻokahi i ka timbre, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻano holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, a ua mākaukau ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēlā me kēia i nā hana āpau āna i hana ai. Ke kula nui, ka ikaika o ka leo: Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Simionato i kona hele ʻana ma ke kahua no 13 mau pō, ma Norma ma Milan a me ka Barber of Seville ma Roma. “I ka pau ʻana o ka hana, holo wau i ke kahua hoʻokele, kahi e kali ai lākou iaʻu e hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona no ka haʻalele ʻana o ke kaʻaahi. Ma ke kaʻaahi, wehe au i koʻu make-up. He wahine uʻi, he kanaka ola, maikaʻi, maʻalahi, wahine hana keaka wahine me ka manaʻo hoʻomākeʻaka. Ua ʻike ʻo Simionato i ka ʻae ʻana i kona mau hemahema. ʻAʻoleʻo ia i manaʻoʻole i kāna mau lanakila pono'ī, e hōʻiliʻili ana i nāʻaʻahu hulu "e like me nā wāhine'ē aʻe e hōʻiliʻili i nā mea kahiko", ma kāna mau'ōlelo pono'ī, uaʻaeʻo ia ua liliʻo ia a makemakeʻo ia e haʻalulu e pili ana i nā kiko'ī o nā ola pilikino o kona mau hoa hakakā. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i manaʻo nostalgia a mihi. No ka mea, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ke ola piha a hoʻomau i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i kona mau hoa a me kāna mau mamo ma ke ʻano he nani, hoʻohenehene, ke ʻano o ka lokahi a me ka naʻauao.