Isaac Albéniz |
Isaac albeniz
Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka intuition hoʻokani mele hanohano o Albeniz i kahi kīʻaha i hoʻopiha ʻia i ka piha me ka waina maʻemaʻe, i hoʻomehana ʻia e ka lā Mediterranean. F. Pedrel
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka inoa ʻo I. Albeniz mai ke ala hou o ka mele Spanish Renacimiento, i kū mai i ka manawa o nā kenekulia 10-6. ʻO F. Pedrel ka mea nāna i hoʻoikaika i kēia neʻe, nāna i kākoʻo i ke ola hou ʻana o ka moʻomeheu lāhui Sepania. Ua hana ʻo Albéniz lāua ʻo E. Granados i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau mua o nā mele Spanish hou, a ua lilo ka hana a M. de Falla i ka piko o kēia ʻano. Ua apo ʻo Renacimiento i ke ola noʻeau holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻāina. Ua hele ʻia e nā mea kākau, haku mele, mea pena: R. Valle-Inklan, X. Jimenez, A. Machado, R. Pidal, M. Unamuno. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Albéniz ma 1868 mau kilomita mai ka palena ʻo Farani. Hiki iā ia ke hana me kona kaikuaʻana ʻo Clementine i kahi ʻaha mele lehulehu ma Barcelona i kona mau makahiki ʻehā. Mai kona kaikuahine mai i loaʻa i ke keikikāne ka ʻike mua e pili ana i ke mele. I ka makahiki XNUMX, hele ʻo Albeniz, me kona makuahine i Paris, kahi i lawe ai ʻo ia i nā haʻawina piano mai Professor A. Marmontel. I ka XNUMX, ua paʻi ʻia ka haku mele mua a ka mea hoʻokani mele, "Mākila Koa" no ka piano, ma Madrid.
I ka makahiki 1869, neʻe ka ʻohana i Madrid, a ua komo ke keikikāne i ka conservatory ma ka papa o M. Mendisabal. I ka makahiki 10, holo ʻo Albeniz mai ka home no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka huakaʻi. Ma Cadiz, hopu ʻia ʻo ia a hoʻouna ʻia i kona mau mākua, akā hoʻokele ʻo Albeniz e kau ma luna o kahi mokuahi e holo ana i ʻAmelika Hema. Ma Buenos Aires, alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi ola piha i nā pilikia, a hiki i kekahi o kona kamaʻāina e hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻaha mele nona ma Argentina, Uruguay a me Brazil.
Ma hope o ka huakaʻi ʻana i Cuba a me ʻAmelika, kahi ʻo Albeniz, i ʻole e make i ka pōloli, e hana ana ma ke awa, ua hōʻea ke kanaka ʻōpio i Leipzig, kahi āna e aʻo ai i ka conservatory ma ka papa o S. Jadasson (composition) a ma ka papa o K. Reinecke (piano). I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia ma Brussels Conservatory - kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa ma ʻEulopa, ma ka piano me L. Brassin, a me ka haku mele me F. Gevaart.
ʻO kahi mana nui ma Albeniz ʻo kāna hui ʻana me F. Liszt ma Budapest, kahi i hōʻea ai ka mea hoʻokani pila Sepania. Ua ʻae ʻo Liszt e alakaʻi iā Albeniz, a ʻo kēia wale nō kahi loiloi kiʻekiʻe o kāna talena. I nā makahiki 80 - mua o 90s. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Albeniz i kahi hana ʻaha mele ikaika a kūleʻa, huakaʻi i nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa (Kelemānia, ʻEnelani, Farani) a me ʻAmelika (Mexico, Cuba). ʻO kāna piano maikaʻi e huki i nā poʻe o ka wā me kona nani a me ka virtuoso. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia e ka nūpepa Sepania ʻo "Spanish Rubinstein". "Ke hana nei i kāna mau haku mele, ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Albéniz iā Rubinstein," i kākau ai ʻo Pedrel.
E hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 1894, noho ka mea haku mele ma Palika, kahi i hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kāna haku mele me nā mea haku mele Farani kaulana e like me P. Dukas a me V. d'Andy. Hoʻokumu ʻo ia i nā pilina pili me C. Debussy, nona kāna ʻano hana i hoʻoikaika nui iā Albeniz, kāna mele o nā makahiki i hala. I nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola ʻana, ua alakaʻi ʻo Albéniz i ka neʻe Renacimiento, e ʻike ana i nā kumu aesthetic o Pedrel i kāna hana. ʻO nā hana maikaʻi loa a ka mea haku mele he mau laʻana o ke ʻano lāhui maoli a ma ka manawa like. Huli ʻo Albeniz i nā mele kaulana a me nā ʻano hula (malagena, sevillana), e hana hou ana i nā mele i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā wahi like ʻole o Sepania. Ua piha kāna mele i nā leo a me nā leo ʻōlelo.
ʻO ka hoʻoilina haku mele nui o Albeniz (comic and lyric operas, zarzuela, works for orchestra, leo), piano ka mea waiwai nui. ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka moʻolelo mele Spanish, ʻo kēia "nā waihona gula o nā kiʻi kanaka", ma ka ʻōlelo a ka mea haku mele, he hopena koʻikoʻi i kāna hoʻomohala ʻana. I loko o kāna mau haku mele no ka piano, hoʻohana nui ʻo Albéniz i nā mea o nā mele folk, me ka hoʻohui ʻana iā lākou me nā ʻenehana hou o ka haku haku mele. Ma ke ʻano piano, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe pinepine i ke kani o nā mea kani - pahu kani, ʻeke ʻeke, ʻoi aku hoʻi nā kīkā. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā mele o ke mele a me nā ʻano hula o Castile, Aragon, Basque Country a ʻoi aku hoʻi ʻo Andalusia, ʻaʻole pinepine ʻo Albeniz i hoʻopaʻa iā ia iho i ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā manaʻo poʻomanaʻo. ʻO kāna mau mele maikaʻi loa: "Spanish Suite", suite "Spain" op. 165, pōʻaiapuni “Spanish tunes” op. 232, kahi pōʻai o 12 ʻāpana "Iberia" (1905-07) - nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mele ʻoihana o kahi ala hou, kahi i hui pū ʻia ai ke kumu aupuni me nā mea i hoʻokō ʻia o nā kiʻi mele hou.
V. Ilyeva
Ua ola ʻo Isaac Albeniz me ka ʻinoʻino, me ke kaulike ʻole, me ka ʻiʻini a pau āna i hāʻawi ai iā ia iho i kāna hana aloha. ʻO kona wā liʻiliʻi a me kona ʻōpio ua like ia me kahi moʻolelo hoʻohiwahiwa hoihoi. Mai ka makahiki ʻehā, hoʻomaka ʻo Albeniz e aʻo i ka hoʻokani piano. Ua ho'āʻo lākou e hoʻonoho iā ia i Paris, a laila i ka Conservatory Madrid. Akā i ka makahiki ʻeiwa, holo ke keikikāne mai ka home, hana i nā ʻaha mele. Lawe ʻia ʻo ia i ka home a holo hou, i kēia manawa i ʻAmelika Hema. He ʻumikūmālua makahiki ʻo Albéniz; ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hana. Ua hala ʻole nā makahiki e hiki mai ana: me nā pae like ʻole o ka kūleʻa, hana ʻo Albeniz ma nā kūlanakauhale ʻo ʻAmelika, ʻEnelani, Kelemānia, a me Sepania. I kāna mau huakaʻi, ua lawe ʻo ia i nā haʻawina ma ke kumumanaʻo haku mele (mai Carl Reinecke, Solomon Jadasson ma Leipzig, mai Francois Gevaart ma Brussels).
ʻO ka hui me Liszt i ka makahiki 1878 - he ʻumikumamāwalu mau makahiki ʻo Albeniz - ua hoʻoholo i kona hopena e hiki mai ana. No nā makahiki ʻelua, hele pū ʻo ia me Liszt ma nā wahi āpau, lilo ʻo ia i haumāna pili loa.
He hopena nui ka launa ʻana me Liszt iā Albeniz, ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano o ke mele, akā ʻoi aku ka laulā - ka moʻomeheu maʻamau, ka moʻomeheu. Heluhelu nui ʻo ia (ʻo Turgenev lāua ʻo Zola kāna mau mea kākau punahele), e hoʻonui ana i kāna mau kiʻi kiʻi. ʻO Liszt, ka mea i mahalo nui i nā hōʻike o ka loina aupuni ma ke mele a no laila hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo moʻomeheu lokomaikaʻi i nā haku haku mele Lūkini (mai Glinka a The Mighty Handful), a me Smetana, a me Grieg, hoala i ke ʻano ʻāina o ke kālena o Albeniz. Mai kēia manawa aku, me ka hoʻokani piano, hāʻawi pū ʻo ia iā ia iho i ka haku mele.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana iā ia iho ma lalo o Liszt, ua lilo ʻo Albéniz i pianist ma ke ʻano nui. Hāʻule ka lā nui o kāna hana ʻahamele i nā makahiki 1880-1893. I kēia manawa, mai Barcelona mai, kahi āna i noho ai ma mua, ua neʻe ʻo Albeniz i Farani. I ka makahiki 1893, ua maʻi nui ʻo Albeniz, a ma hope mai ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ia i kahi moe. Ua make ʻo ia i kona mau makahiki he kanahākūmāiwa.
Nui ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina o Albéniz - aia ma kahi o ʻelima haneli mau haku mele, a ma kahi o ʻekolu haneli no ka pianoforte; ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe - nā keaka, nā hana symphonic, nā romances, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ka manaʻo o kēia mea pena kiʻi nui a me ka naʻau. Ua kākau ʻo ia me ka maʻalahi a me ka wikiwiki, me he mea lā he hoʻomaʻamaʻa, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i nā mea nui, hoʻolei i nā mea ʻoi loa, a hāʻule i nā mana like ʻole.
No laila, i kāna mau hana mua - ma lalo o ka mana o ka castisismo - he nui ka superficial, salon. Ua mālama ʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ma nā palapala hope. A eia kekahi laʻana: i ka makahiki 90, i ka manawa o kona oʻo ʻana, e ʻike ana i nā pilikia kālā koʻikoʻi, ua ʻae ʻo Albeniz e kākau i kekahi mau opera i kauoha ʻia e kekahi kanaka waiwai Pelekane nāna i hana i kahi libretto no lākou; ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻole i kūleʻa kēia mau keaka. ʻO ka hope loa, i nā makahiki he ʻumikumamālima i hala o kona ola ʻana, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ʻo Albéniz e kekahi mau mea kākau Farani (ma luna o nā mea a pau, ʻo kāna hoaaloha, ʻo Paul Duc).
Eia nō naʻe ma nā hana maikaʻi loa a Albéniz - a he nui nā mea o lākou! - ʻike ikaika ʻia kona ʻano kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma nā ʻimi noʻonoʻo mua loa a ka mea kākau ʻōpio - i ka makahiki 80, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma mua o ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o ka manifesto a Pedrel.
ʻO nā hana maikaʻi loa a Albéniz nā mea e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o nā mele a me nā hula, ke kala a me ka ʻāina o Sepania. ʻO kēia mau mea, koe wale nō kekahi mau hana hoʻokani pila, nā ʻāpana piano i hāʻawi ʻia me nā inoa o nā ʻāpana, nā panalāʻau, nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale o ka ʻāina hānau o ka haku mele. (ʻO ka zarzuela maikaʻi loa a Albéniz, ʻo Pepita Jiménez (1896), pono e haʻi ʻia. Pedrel (Celestina, 1905), a ma hope mai ʻo de Falla (A Brief Life, 1913) i kākau i kēia genus ma mua ona.). ʻO ia nā hōʻiliʻili "Spanish tunes", "Characteristic pieces", "Spanish dances" a i ʻole suites "Spain", "Iberia" (ka inoa kahiko o Sepania), "Catalonia". Ma waena o nā inoa o nā pāʻani kaulana a mākou e hālāwai ai: "Cordoba", "Granada", "Seville", "Navarra", "Malaga", etc. Ua hāʻawi pū ʻo Albeniz i kāna mau mele hula ("Seguidilla", "Malaguena", "Polo" a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).
ʻO ka hana piha a me ka maʻalahi o ka hana a Albeniz i hoʻomohala i ke ʻano flamenco Andalusian. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana a ka mea haku mele i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka melodi, rhythm, a me ka lokahi i wehewehe ʻia ma luna. He melodist lokomaikaʻi, hāʻawi ʻo ia i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona mele o ka leʻaleʻa.
I nā melodics, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā huli hikina:
I ka pālua ʻana i nā leo ma kahi hoʻonohonoho ākea, ua hana hou ʻo Albeniz i ke ʻano o ke kani o nā mea kani makani.
Ua hōʻike maikaʻi ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ke kani kīkā ma ka piano:
Inā mākou e ʻike i ka ʻuhane poʻomanaʻo o ka hōʻike a me ke ʻano moʻolelo ola (e pili ana iā Schumann a me Grieg), ʻike ʻia ke koʻikoʻi nui e hāʻawi ʻia iā Albeniz i ka mōʻaukala o nā mele Spanish.
M. Druskin
Papa inoa pōkole o nā haku mele:
Hana piano Nā mele Paniolo (5 ʻāpana) “Spain” (6 “Album Sheets”) Suite Spanish (8 ʻāpana) ʻāpana hiʻohiʻona (12 ʻāpana) 6 Hula Paniolo Mua a me ka lua o nā suite kahiko (10 ʻāpana) “Iberia”, suite (12 ʻāpana i ʻehā. puke puke)
Nā hana hoʻokani pila "Catalonia", suite
ʻOpera a me nā zarzuela "Magic Opal" (1893) "Saint Anthony" (1894) "Henry Clifford" (1895) "Pepita Jimenez" (1896) ʻO ka King Arthur trilogy (Merlin, Lancelot, Ginevra, hope ʻole) (1897-1906)
Nā mele a me nā mele (ma kahi o 15)
