Issay Dobrowen |

ʻO Issay Dobrowen

ʻO ka inoa maoli a me ka inoa inoa - Yitzchok Zorakhovich Barabeychik. I ka makahiki 5, hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he piano. I ka makahiki 1901-11, ua a'o 'o ia ma ka Moscow Conservatory me AA Yaroshevsky, KN Igumnov (papa piano). I ka makahiki 1911-12 ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia ma ke Kula ʻo Higher Mastery ma ka Academy of Music and Performing Arts ma Vienna me L. Godowsky. I ka makahiki 1917-21 ke kumu aʻo ma ke kula ʻo Moscow Philharmonic, papa piano.

Ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna hana mua ma ka hale keaka. ʻO VF Komissarzhevskaya (1919), i alakaʻi ʻia ma ka Bolshoi Theatre ma Moscow (1921-22). Ua hoʻokaniʻo ia i kahi papahana'ahamele no VI Lenin ma ka hale o EP Peshkova, me ka sonata "Appassionata" a L. Beethoven. Mai ka makahiki 1923, noho 'o ia ma waho, hana 'o ia ma ke 'ano he alaka'i i nā 'aha mele symphony a me nā hale opera (me ka Dresden State Opera, kahi i 1923 i alaka'i ai i ka hana mua ma Germany o Boris Godunov). Ma 1 ʻo ia ka mea alakaʻi mua o ka Bolshoi Volksoper ma Berlin a me ka luna o ka Dresden Philharmonic Concerts. I ka makahiki 1924-1, ka luna mele o ka State Opera ma Sofia. I ka makahiki 1927, ʻo ia ke alakaʻi nui o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Concert ma Frankfurt am Main.

I ka makahiki 1931-35, ua hoʻokani ke alakaʻi o ka symphony orchestra ma Kapalakiko (2 kau), me nā mea hoʻokani pila he nui, me Minneapolis, New York, Philadelphia. Ua huakaʻi ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, me Italia, Hungary, Suedena (ma 1941-45 ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka Royal Opera ma Stockholm). Mai ka makahiki 1948, hana 'o ia ma ka Hale Keaka La Scala (Milan).

Hoʻohanohano ʻia ʻo Dobrovein e kahi moʻomeheu mele kiʻekiʻe, ka haku o ka orchestra, kahi manaʻo ʻokoʻa o ka puʻupuʻu, ka hana kiʻi a me ke ʻano nani. Ka mea kākau o nā hana he nui i loko o ka manaʻo o ka Romantics a me AN ​​Scriabin, ma waena o lākou nā poem, ballads, hula a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe no ka piano, he concerto no ka piano a me ka orkestra; 2 sonata no ka piano (ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka 2 no Scriabin) a me 2 no ka violin a me ka piano; nā ʻāpana violin (me ka piano); nā mele mele keaka.

I ko mākou ʻāina, ʻike nui ʻia ʻo Dobrovein ma ke ʻano he piano. He puka puka o ka Moscow Conservatory, he haumana na Taneyev a me Igumnov, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia ma Vienna me L. Godovsky a loaʻa koke ka kaulana ʻEulopa. I ka wā Soviet, ua loa'a iā Dobrovein ka hanohano o ka pā'ani ma ke ke'ena o Gorky iā Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, ka mea i mahalo nui i kāna'oihana. Ua mālama ka mea pena i ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka hālāwai me Lenin no ke ola. Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ke alakaʻi nui o ke kipi, ua alakaʻi ʻo Dobrovein i kahi ʻahamele ma Berlin i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka ʻelele Soviet i ka lā makahiki o ka make ʻana o Ilyich ...

Ua hana ʻo Dobrovein i kāna hana mua ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi ma 1919 ma ka Bolshoi Theatre. Ua ulu wikiwiki ka lanakila, a ʻekolu makahiki ma hope mai ua kono ʻia ʻo ia i Dresden e alakaʻi i nā hana o ka hale opera. Mai ia manawa, ʻekolu mau makahiki - a hiki i kona make ʻana - noho ʻo Dobrovein i nā ʻāina ʻē, i ka hele mau ʻana a me nā huakaʻi. Ma nā wahi a pau i ʻike ʻia a mahalo nui ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolaha ikaika a me ka unuhi ʻōlelo maikaʻi o nā mele Lūkini. ʻOiai ma Dresden, ua lanakila maoli ʻo ia i ka hana ʻana o "Boris Godunov" - ka mea mua ma ke kahua Kelemania. A laila ua hana hou ʻo ia i kēia kūleʻa ma Berlin, a ma hope loa - ma hope o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua - ua kono ʻo Toscanini iā ​​Dobrovijn i La Scala, kahi āna i alakaʻi ai iā Boris Godunov, Khovanshchina, Prince Igor no ʻekolu kau (1949-1951). ”, “Kitezh”, “Firebird”, “Scheherazade” …

Ua huakaʻi ʻo Dobrovein a puni ka honua. Ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā hale ʻaha mele ma Roma, Venice, Budapest, Stockholm, Sofia, Oslo, Helsinki, New York, San Francisco a me nā kakini o nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki 30, ua hana ka mea pena kiʻi no kekahi manawa ma ʻAmelika, akā ʻaʻole i noho i ka honua o ka ʻoihana mele a hoʻi koke i ʻEulopa. No nā makahiki he ʻumi a me ka hapa i hala, ua noho nui ʻo Dobrovijn ma Suedena, e alakaʻi ana i kahi hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka orkestra ma Gothenburg, e hana mau ana ma Stockholm a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe o Scandinavia a me ʻEulopa. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, ua hana ʻo ia i nā hoʻopaʻa leo he nui ma nā moʻolelo o nā mele Lūkini (me nā concerto a Medtner me ka mea kākau ma ke ʻano he soloist), a me nā symphonies a Brahms. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻopaʻa leo ke manaʻo i ka mea huna o ka mea hoʻonaninani kiʻi o ka mea alakaʻi: ʻo kāna wehewehe ʻana me ka hou, ka manaʻo koke, ka hōʻikeʻike, i kekahi manawa, akā naʻe, ke ʻaʻahu nei i kahi ʻano o waho. He kanaka akamai ʻo Dobrovein. Ke hana nei ʻo ia ma nā hale opera o ʻEulopa, ua hōʻike ʻo ia iā ia iho ʻaʻole wale he alakaʻi alakaʻi papa mua, akā he alakaʻi hoʻi. Ua kākau ʻo ia i ka opera "1001 Nights" a me kekahi mau mele piano.

"Contemporary Conductors", M. 1969.