Kalyuka: hoʻolālā mea kani, kani, mōʻaukala, ʻenehana pāʻani, nā ʻano like ʻole

He nui nā inoa o ka mea kani makani kalyuk: overtone flute, herbal pipe, distillation, ʻaʻole kēia he papa inoa piha. He mea maʻamau ʻo Kalyuka ma waena o nā poʻe ʻEulopa a pau, he cylinder me nā lua, ʻo ka lua mai loko mai, i hana ʻia mai nā kumu lāʻau paʻa (hogweed, angelica, tartar).

Hoʻolālā a hana

He maʻalahi loa ka hoʻolālā o ka mea kani; i ka wā kahiko, hiki i nā mahiʻai ke hana i ka paipu lāʻau. ʻO ke kumu maloʻo o ka mea kanu, he 2 puka: ʻo ka luna, no ka puhi ʻana i ka ea, ka lalo, no ka puhi ʻana. No ka unuhi ʻana i ke kani o ka ʻohe, ma kahi kokoke i luna, aia kekahi puka ʻē aʻe, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka waha (whistle).

ʻO kahi mea nui ke koho ʻana i ka nui o ka kalyuki. ʻO ke kino o ka mea hoʻokani pila, ua lilo kona kiʻekiʻe i alakaʻi. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka 30 cm ka nui o nā keiki, hiki i nā pākeke ke hiki i 85 cm. Ua manaʻo ʻia, ʻo ka mea kūpono, pono ka mea hoʻokani e hōʻea i ka lua lalo me kona mau manamana lima. No laila, i ka hana ʻana i kahi hoʻohālike, lawe mākou i kumu i ka mamao mai ka poʻohiwi a i ka piko o nā manamana lima.

Mai loko mai, he ʻano cone ka hihia: ʻoi aku ka nui ma luna ma mua o ka lalo (ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma kahi o 1 cm).

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, hana ʻia ka mea kani mai nā mea kanu wale nō. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōpala maloʻo ma ke ʻano he mea:

• piper;
• prickly tartar;
• puaʻa puaʻa;
• makuahine;
• ʻumeke.

Ma hope mai, hoʻomaka lākou e lawe i kahi lāʻau ma ke ʻano he kumu - ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi bast, i ʻeha ʻia a puni ka manamana lima, e hana ana i kahi cone hollow.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Kalyuka he mea kani no ka wā: ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka hana ʻana, lawelawe ʻia nā mea kūlohelohe e like me ka mea. Hiki ke kiola koke ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Nā lula hana:

• I ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kumu o ka tartar i kumu, ua ʻoki ʻia nā spike mai ia mea, ua hou ʻia nā membrane i loko, e ʻike pono ʻaʻole he puncture ma ke kino.
• Ua nānā ʻia ka mea hana no ka pololei: ʻo nā wahi i hele ai ka ea ua hamo ʻia me ka ʻōpala palaoa.
• ʻOi aku ka mānoanoa o ka ʻaoʻao o luna ma mua o ka lalo, no laila ua ʻoki ʻia ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka mea kanu: ʻoi aku ka ʻiʻo o ke kumu i ke aʻa.
• No ka inlet, ua hana ʻia kahi ʻoki ʻoki loa. No ka whistle (muzzle) - kahi ʻoki ma kahi kihi o 45 °.

Moolelo kumu

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka manawa kūpono o ke ʻano o ka paipu lāʻau, aia paha ma Rūsia Kahiko, a he mea maʻamau i waena o nā kamaʻāina kuaʻāina. ʻO ka mea kani no nā kāne, ua hui pū ʻia ka pāʻani me nā mele, nā hula, nā lā hoʻomaha, nā ʻoliʻoli.

ʻO nā haʻawina mua a me ka wehewehe palapala o ka mea kani kanaka Lūkini mai ka makahiki 1980. I kēlā manawa, aia kekahi mau mea kahiko o nā kauhale, aia ma waena o Belgorod a me Voronezh, nona ka Play on the spike. Mai kā lākou mau moʻolelo, ua ʻike ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua kaulana kēia ʻano hoʻohālike i waena o nā kamaʻāina.

Ua hāʻawi ka poʻe mele ʻoihana i ka mea kani kahiko i inoa ʻepekema - ka ʻohe overtone. I kēia lā, he lālā piha ʻo ia o nā hui he nui e hoʻokani ana i nā mele ʻōiwi Lūkini.

ʻenehana pāʻani

Hoʻopuka ʻia nā leo i ka wā e pani ai ka mea hoʻokani a wehe i kahi puka ma lalo o ka pahu. ʻO ka ʻenehana nui o ka pāʻani he overblowing. Hoʻopuka ka mea hoʻokani pila i ke ea i loko o ka lua o luna, wehe a pani i ka lua i lalo i ka manawa me ke kani o ke mele.

Ma ke ʻano o ke kani, he haʻahaʻa loa nā mana o ka kalyuk: ʻo nā haku o ka hoʻokani ʻana i kēia mea kani e hoʻokō i ka hana me nā leo hoʻōho.

ʻano likeʻole

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Kalyuk e nā mea i hoʻokumu i ko lākou kumu:

• bast;
• puddle (disposable);
• prickly (ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, he hōʻailona o ka pōmaikaʻi).

Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole o Kaluki ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, hoʻololi wale ka inoa: selfeit, selpipa (Sweden), payupili (Finland), selefleita (Norway).

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona i manaʻo ʻia he mea maʻamau:

• Willow flute - mea hana: ka ʻili willow, i kekahi manawa nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe (alder, lehu mauna, lehu). Kahi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana - nā ʻāina Scandinavian.
• ʻO Tilinka kahi mea kani maʻamau o Romania, Moldova, Ukraine o ka nui waena (30-60 cm).
• ʻO ka hopena he ʻano Slovak. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 90 cm, nā lua - 3 cm. Mea - hazel. Hoʻohana nui ʻia e nā kahu hipa.