Enrico Caruso (Enrico Caruso) |
ʻO Enrico Caruso
"Ua loaʻa iā ia ka Papa Hoʻohanohano o ka Legion of Honor a me ka English Victorian Order, ka German Order of the Red Eagle a me ka mekala gula ma ka lipine o Frederick the Great, ka Order of a Officer of the Italian Crown, the Belgian and Spanish commands. , ʻo kahi hōʻailona koa i kahi uku kālā, i kapa ʻia ʻo Russian "Order of St. Nicholas", daimana cufflinks - he makana mai ka Emperor of All Russia, kahi pahu gula mai ke Duke o Vendôme, rubi a me nā daimana mai ka ʻōlelo Pelekane. mōʻī… – kākau ʻo A. Filippov. “Ke kamaʻilio mau ʻia nei kāna mau hana a hiki i kēia lā. Ua nalowale kekahi o ka poʻe mele i kāna mau pantaloons lace i ka wā o ka aria, akā ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ke kī ʻana iā lākou ma lalo o kahi moena me kona wāwae. Ua hauʻoli ʻo ia no ka manawa pōkole. Hapai aʻela ʻo Caruso i kona pālule, hoʻopololei iā lākou a me ke kakaka hoʻolauleʻa i lawe mai ai i ka lede ... Ua pahū ka hale hoʻokipa me ka ʻakaʻaka. No ka ʻaina ahiahi me ka mōʻī Sepania, hele mai ʻo ia me kāna pasta, me ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻana ua ʻoi aku ka ʻono, a kono aku i nā malihini e ʻono. Ma ka hookipa aupuni ana, ua hoomaikai aku oia i ka Peresidena o Amerika Huipuia me keia mau huaolelo: "Ua hauoli au ia oe, e ka Mea Hanohano, ua aneane like oe me au." Ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, ʻike wale ʻo ia i nā huaʻōlelo liʻiliʻi, i ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe liʻiliʻi loa: mahalo i kāna hana kiʻi a me kāna ʻōlelo maikaʻi, ua maʻalahi ʻo ia i waho o kahi kūlana paʻakikī. Hoʻokahi wale nō manawa i alakaʻi ʻia ai ka ʻike ʻole i ka ʻōlelo: ua hōʻike ʻia ka mea hīmeni i ka make koke ʻana o kekahi o kāna mau hoaaloha, a ua ʻakaʻaka ʻo Caruso me ka ʻakaʻaka me ka ʻoliʻoli: "Maikaʻi, ke ʻike ʻoe iā ia, e aloha mai iaʻu. !”
Ua haʻalele ʻo ia ma kahi o ʻehiku miliona (no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia he kālā pupule kēia), nā ʻāina ma Italia a me ʻAmelika, nā hale he nui ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻEulopa, nā hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻāpana kala loa a me nā mea kahiko, nā haneli o nā lole makamae (hiki mai kēlā me kēia. me nā kāmaʻa lacquered).
A eia ka mea a ka mea mele Polani ʻo J. Vaida-Korolevich, nāna i hoʻokani me ka mea mele akamai, i kākau ai: “ʻO Enrico Caruso, he Italia i hānau ʻia a hānai ʻia ma Naples kupua, i hoʻopuni ʻia e ke ʻano kupaianaha, ka lani Italia a me ka lā wela. hiki ke hoʻonanea, hoʻonāukiuki a me ka huhū wikiwiki. ʻO ka ikaika o kāna talena i hana ʻia i ʻekolu mau hiʻohiʻona nui: ʻo ka mua he leo wela hoʻohiwahiwa ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kekahi. ʻO ka nani o kāna kala ʻaʻole i ka like ʻole o ke kani, akā, ma ka ʻokoʻa, i ka momona a me nā ʻano kala. Ua hōʻike ʻo Caruso i nā manaʻo a me nā ʻike āpau me kona leo - i kekahi manawa me he mea lā he mea nui loa ka pāʻani a me ka hana keaka nona. ʻO ka lua o ka hiʻohiʻona o ke kālena a Caruso he palette o nā manaʻo, nā manaʻo, nā nuances psychological i ka hīmeni ʻana, ʻaʻohe palena o kona waiwai; ʻO ka hope, ʻo ke kolu o kāna hiʻohiʻona ʻo kāna kālena dramatic nui, spontaneous a subconscious. Ke kākau nei au i ka "subconscious" no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia kāna mau kiʻi kahua, ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia i nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi loa, akā me he mea lā ua hānau koke lākou mai kona puʻuwai hema wela.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Enrico Caruso ma Pepeluali 24, 1873 ma waho o Naples, ma ka ʻāina ʻo San Giovanello, ma kahi ʻohana papa hana. "Mai ka makahiki ʻeiwa, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hīmeni, me kāna contralto sonorous a nani hoʻi i hoihoi koke i ka manaʻo," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo Caruso. ʻO kāna mau hana mua ma kahi kokoke i ka home ma ka hale pule liʻiliʻi o San Giovanello. Ua puka 'o ia mai ke kula ha'aha'a 'o Enrico. E pili ana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mele, ua loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike haʻahaʻa e pono ai ma ke kahua mele a me ke mele, i loaʻa mai nā kumu kula kūloko.
I kona wā ʻōpio, ua komo ʻo Enrico i ka hale hana kahi i hana ai kona makuakāne. Akā, hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hīmeni ʻana, ʻaʻole naʻe he mea kupanaha no Italia. Ua komo pū ʻo Caruso i kahi hana keaka - ke mele mele ʻo The Robbers in the Garden of Don Raffaele.
ʻO ke ala hou aku o Caruso i wehewehe ʻia e A. Filippov:
"Ma Italia i kēlā manawa, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā tenor 360 o ka papa mua, 44 o ia mau mea i manaʻo ʻia he kaulana. Ua hanu kekahi mau haneri mele o ke kulana haahaa i ke kua o ko lakou mau poo. Me ia hoʻokūkū, he liʻiliʻi nā manaʻo o Caruso: hiki nō paha ke noho mau ʻo ia i ke ola ma nā slums me kahi pūʻulu o nā keiki pōloli a me kahi ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he mele mele alanui, me kahi pāpale ma kona lima e kaʻawale ana i ka poʻe hoʻolohe. Akā, e like me ka mea maʻamau i loko o nā puke moʻolelo, ua hele mai ʻo His Majesty Chance e hoʻopakele.
I loko o ka opera The Friend of Francesco, i hoʻokani ʻia e ka mea aloha mele Morelli ma kāna kālā ponoʻī, ua loaʻa iā Caruso kahi manawa e pāʻani ai i kahi makua kāne ʻelemakule (he mele he kanaono makahiki i ka ʻāpana o kāna keiki). A lohe nā mea a pau i ka nani o ka leo o ka "makua" ma mua o ka "keiki". Ua kono koke ʻia ʻo Enrico i ka hui Italia, e hele huakaʻi ana i Kairo. Ma laila, ua hele ʻo Caruso i kahi "bapetizo ahi" paʻakikī (ua hīmeni ʻo ia me ka ʻike ʻole i ke kuleana, e hoʻopili ana i kahi pepa me ka kikokikona ma ke kua o kāna hoa) a no ka manawa mua loaʻa i ke kālā maikaʻi, kaulana i ka lele ʻana me ka poʻe hula. o ka hōʻikeʻike ʻokoʻa kūloko. Ua hoʻi ʻo Caruso i ka hōkele i ke kakahiaka e holo ana ma luna o ka hoki, i uhi ʻia i ka lepo: ʻona, hāʻule ʻo ia i loko o ka Nile a pakele ʻo ia mai kahi crocodile. ʻO kahi ʻahaʻaina hauʻoli wale nō ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi "huakaʻi lōʻihi" - ʻoiai ʻo ia i ka huakaʻi ma Sicily, ua hele ʻo ia ma ke kahua me ka hapalua ʻona, ma kahi o ka "hope" mele ʻo ia i "gulba" (ma ka ʻōlelo Italia he consonant nō hoʻi lākou), a ʻo kēia ke kumu kūʻai. iā ia i kāna ʻoihana.
Ma Livorno, hīmeni ʻo ia iā Pagliatsev na Leoncavallo - ka lanakila mua, a laila he kono iā Milan a me ke kuleana o kahi helu Lūkini me kahi inoa Slavic sonorous ʻo Boris Ivanov i ka opera a Giordano "Fedora" ... "
ʻAʻohe palena o ka mahalo o ka poʻe hoʻohewa: "ʻO kekahi o nā tenor maikaʻi loa a mākou i lohe ai!" Ua hoʻokipa ʻo Milan i ka mea mele, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma ke kapikala operatic o Italia.
Ma Ianuali 15, 1899, ua lohe mua ʻo Petersburg iā Caruso no ka manawa mua ma La Traviata. ʻO Caruso, hilahila a hoʻopā ʻia e ka hoʻokipa ʻoluʻolu, e pane ana i nā hoʻomaikaʻi lehulehu o ka poʻe hoʻolohe Lūkini, ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "ʻAe, mai hoʻomaikaʻi iaʻu - mahalo iā Verdi!" "He Radamès maikaʻi ʻo Caruso, nāna i hoʻāla i ka manaʻo o kēlā me kēia me kona leo nani, mahalo i hiki i kekahi ke manaʻo e hiki koke ana kēia mea pena i ka lālani mua o nā tenors hou," kākau ʻo NF i kāna loiloi. Solovyov.
Mai Rusia, hele ʻo Caruso i nā ʻāina ʻē a i Buenos Aires; a laila hīmeni ma Roma a me Milan. Ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana ma La Scala, kahi i hīmeni ai ʻo Caruso ma Donizetti's L'elisir dʻamore, ʻo Arturo Toscanini, ka mea ʻoi loa i ka hoʻomaikaʻi, alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka opera, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke kūpaʻa a puliki iā Caruso. “E kuu Akua! Inā hoʻomau kēia Neapolitan i ka hīmeni ʻana e like me ia, e hana ʻo ia i ka honua holoʻokoʻa e kamaʻilio e pili ana iā ia!
Ma ke ahiahi o Nowemapa 23, 1903, ua hana ʻo Caruso i kāna hoʻomaka mua ma New York ma ka Metropolitan Theatre. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia ma Rigoletto. Ua lanakila ka mea mele kaulana i ka lehulehu o ʻAmelika a mau loa aku. ʻO Enri Ebey ke alakaʻi o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nāna i hoʻopaʻa inoa i kahi kuʻikahi me Caruso no hoʻokahi makahiki.
I ka manawa i lilo ai ʻo Giulio Gatti-Casazza mai Ferrara i alakaʻi o ka Metropolitan Theatre, ua hoʻomaka ka uku o Caruso e ulu mau i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka hopena, ua loaʻa iā ia ka nui i hiki ʻole i nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻē aʻe o ka honua ke hoʻokūkū hou me New Yorkers.
Ua alakaʻi ʻo Commander Giulio Gatti-Casazza i ka Metropolitan Theatre no ʻumikumamālima mau makahiki. He maalea a me ke akahele. A ina i kekahi manawa, ua oi loa aku ka uku o ke kanaha, kanalima tausani lire no ka hana hookahi, aole i loaa i kekahi mea pena kii o ka honua keia uku, alaila, akaaka wale iho la ke alakai.
"ʻO Caruso," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia, "ʻo ia ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o ka impresario, no laila ʻaʻohe uku e hiki ke hoʻonui iā ia."
A ua pololei ʻo ia. I ka manawa i komo ai ʻo Caruso i ka hana, ua hoʻonui ke alakaʻi i nā kumukūʻai tiketi ma ko lākou manaʻo. Ua ʻike ʻia nā mea kālepa i kūʻai aku i nā tiketi ma kēlā me kēia kumukūʻai, a laila kūʻai hou aku iā lākou no ʻekolu, ʻehā a ʻumi mau manawa hou aku!
"Ma ʻAmelika, ua kūleʻa mau ʻo Caruso mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana," kākau ʻo V. Tortorelli. Ua ulu kona mana i ka lehulehu i kēlā me kēia lā. Wahi a ka moʻolelo o ka Metropolitan Theatre, ʻaʻohe mea pena kiʻi ʻē aʻe i lanakila ma aneʻi. ʻO ke ʻano o ka inoa ʻo Caruso ma nā pepa hoʻolaha i kēlā me kēia manawa he hanana nui ma ke kūlanakauhale. Ua hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻokele hale keaka: ʻaʻole hiki i ke keʻena nui o ka hale keaka ke hoʻokipa i nā mea a pau. He mea pono e wehe i ka hale keaka i elua, ekolu, a i eha paha hora ma mua o ka hoomaka ana o ka hana, i noho malie ai ka poe noonoo o ka hale kii. Ua hoʻopau ʻia me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hale keaka no nā hana ahiahi me ke komo ʻana o Caruso i ka hola ʻumi o ke kakahiaka. ʻO ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi me nā ʻeke lima a me nā hīnaʻi i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā lako i noho i nā wahi kūpono loa. Ma kahi o ʻumikūmālua hola ma mua, ua hele mai ka poʻe e lohe i ka leo kupua a ka mea hīmeni (hoʻomaka nā hana ma ka hola ʻeiwa o ke ahiahi).
Ua hana ʻo Caruso me ka Met i ka wā wale nō; i ka pau ana, hele aku la oia i na hale keaka e ae he nui wale, a ua hoopilikia ia ia me na kono. Kahi wale nō ka mea mele i hana ʻole ai: ma Cuba, ma Mexico City, ma Rio de Janeiro a me Buffalo.
No ka laʻana, mai ʻOkakopa 1912, ua hana nui ʻo Caruso i nā kūlanakauhale o ʻEulopa: hīmeni ʻo ia ma Hungary, Sepania, Farani, ʻEnelani a me Holland. Ma kēia mau ʻāina, e like me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema, ua kali ʻia ʻo ia e kahi hoʻokipa hoihoi o ka poʻe hoʻolohe hauʻoli a haʻalulu.
I kekahi manawa ua mele ʻo Caruso i ka opera "Carmen" ma ke kahua o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni "Colon" ma Buenos Aires. I ka pau ʻana o ka arioso a Jose, ua kani nā memo wahaheʻe i ka orkestra. Ua noho lākou me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka lehulehu, ʻaʻole naʻe i pakele i ke alakaʻi. Haʻalele ʻo ia i ka console, hele ʻo ia i ka ʻaha mele me ka manaʻo e hoʻopaʻi. Eia naʻe, ua ʻike ka mea alakaʻi i ka nui o nā mea hoʻokani pila o ka orchestra e uē ana, ʻaʻole i ʻaʻa e haʻi i kahi huaʻōlelo. Me ka hilahila, hoʻi ʻo ia i kona noho. A eia nā manaʻo o ka impresario e pili ana i kēia hana, i paʻi ʻia ma New York weekly Follia:
"A hiki i kēia manawa, manaʻo wau he kiʻekiʻe loa ka uku o 35 lire a Caruso i noi ai no ka hana ahiahi hoʻokahi, akā i kēia manawa ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au no kahi mea pena hiki ʻole ke loaʻa, ʻaʻohe uku e ʻoi aku ka nui. E waimaka i ka poʻe mele! E noʻonoʻo ʻoe! ʻO Orpheus ia!
Ua hiki mai ka lanakila iā Caruso ʻaʻole wale i ka mahalo i kāna leo kupua. Ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻo ia i nā pāʻina a me kona mau hoa ma ka pāʻani. ʻO kēia ka mea i hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ka hana a me ka manaʻo o ka mea haku mele a ola kino ma ke kahua. "I loko o ka hale keaka he mea mele a mea keaka wale nō au," wahi a Caruso, "akā, i mea e hōʻike ai i ka lehulehu ʻaʻole wau hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi, akā he ʻano maoli i hāpai ʻia e ka mea haku mele, pono wau e noʻonoʻo a manaʻo. e like me ka mea a'u i manao ai he haku mele."
Kekemapa 24, 1920 Caruso i hana i ka ono haneri a me ka hiku, a me kona hope, hana opera ma ka Metropolitan. Ua ʻino loa ka mea mele: i ka wā o ka hana holoʻokoʻa ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka ʻeha nui, ʻeha ma kona ʻaoʻao, ua wela loa ʻo ia. Kāhea ʻo ia i kona makemake a pau e kōkua, hīmeni ʻo ia i nā hana ʻelima o ke kaikamahine a ke Cardinal. ʻOiai ʻo ka maʻi ʻino, ua hoʻomau ka mea pena kiʻi i ke kahua paʻa a me ka hilinaʻi. ʻO ka poʻe ʻAmelika e noho ana i loko o ke keʻena, me ka ʻike ʻole i kāna pōʻino, ua pāpaʻi me ka huhū, hoʻōho ʻo "encore", me ka manaʻo ʻole ua lohe lākou i ke mele hope loa o ka naʻi puʻuwai.
Ua hele ʻo Caruso i Italia a hakakā me ka wiwo ʻole i ka maʻi, akā ma ʻAukake 2, 1921, make ka mea mele.
