New York Philharmonic |

ʻO New York Philharmonic

ʻO ke mele mele symphony ʻAmelika kahiko loa. Hoʻokumu ʻia ma New York i ka makahiki 1842 (i ka makahiki 1921 i hui pū ʻia ka National Orchestra, ma 1928 ka New York Symphony Orchestra).

ʻO nā alakaʻi mua o ka New York Philharmonic Orchestra ʻo WK Hill (hoʻokumu ʻia ka New York Philharmonic Society) a me ES Timm, a laila alakaʻi - T. Eisfeld (1852-55), K. Bergman (1855-59, 1865- 76), T. ʻO Thomas (1877-91, ua kōkua kāna hana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mele orchestral ma USA), A. Seidl (1891-98) a me E. Paur (1898-1902).

I ka makahiki 1891, alakaʻi ʻo PI Tchaikovsky i ka New York Philharmonic Orchestra ma ka wehe ʻana o ka hale ʻaha mele ʻo Carnegie Hall.

Ma 1902-06, nui nā mea hoʻokani pila kaulana i alakaʻi i ka orchestra, e like me L. Damrosh, V. Mengelberg, F. Weingartner, R. Strauss, E. Colonne, ma 1906-09 - he alakaʻi alakaʻi Lūkini kaulana ʻo VI Safonov, ma 1909 - 11 - ʻO G. Mahler ka mea nāna i hoʻonui i ka helu o nā ʻahamele i kēia kau, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe aʻe i ka mākaukau hoʻokani o ka mea hoʻokani pila. ʻO kona hope ʻo J. Stransky (1911-22), a laila alakaʻi ʻia e V. Mengelberg (1922-30), W. Furtwängler (1925-27).

I ka makahiki 1927-36, ua alakaʻi ʻia ka orchestra e A. Toscanini, i nā makahiki o kāna hana i loaʻa ai i ka New York Philharmonic Orchestra ka kaulana honua, ma 1936-43 ʻo G. Barbirolli ke alakaʻi mele, ma 1951-57 - D. Mitropoulos. Ua alakaʻi pū ʻia ka orchestra e nā mea mele kaulana ʻē aʻe - B. Walter, E. Kleiber, O. Klemperer, T. Beecham, L. Stokowski, S. Munsch a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki 1958-69 Ch. ʻO ka alakaʻi o ka New York Philharmonic Orchestra ʻo L. Bernstein, mai 1971 - P. Boulez.

ʻO G. Mahler, ʻo A. Toscanini lāua ʻo L. Bernstein ka mea nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka New York Philharmonic Orchestra ma ke ʻano he hui kiʻi, i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kāna ʻano hoʻokani a i kona ʻike ʻia he symphony orchestra o ka papa kiʻekiʻe.

Nā mea haku mele ʻo AG Rubinstein, A. Dvorak, R. Strauss, C. Saint-Saens, A. Honegger, IF Stravinsky, M. Ravel, J. Enescu, E. Vila Lobos a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i alakaʻi i ka New York Philharmonic orchestra i ka wā i hoʻokani ai lākou i nā mea he nui. kā lākou mau hana.

Ua hoʻokani pinepine nā mea hoʻokani pila me ka mea hoʻokani: pianists - I. Paderevsky, A. Schnabel, SV Rachmaninov, SS Prokofiev, VS Horowitz, violinists - J. Heifets, DF Oistrakh, J. Szigeti, I. Stern, I. Menuhin a me kekahi poe mele kaulana o ke ao nei.

Nui nā hana kaulana i kēia manawa i hana mua ʻia e ka New York Philharmonic Orchestra, ma waena o lākou: Dvořák's 9th Symphony ("From the New World"), IF Stravinsky's Symphony ma 3 mau ʻāpana, Gershwin's Piano Concerto, etc.

Hāʻawi nui ka New York Philharmonic Orchestra i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ola mele ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma New York wale nō ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻahamele he 120 i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻokani me nā papahana lekiō no nā ʻōpio. Mai ka makahiki 1930, ua kaapuni ka New York Philharmonic Orchestra ma nā ʻāina he nui (ma ka USSR i ka makahiki 1959, 1976).

Mai 2002 a 2009 ua alakaʻi ʻia ka orchestra e Lorin Maazel. Mai 2009 a hiki i kēia manawa - Alan Gilbert.

IM Markov

Nā alakaʻi o ka Orchestra:

1842-1849 – Ureli Corelli Hill 1849-1854 – Theodor Eisfeld 1854-1855 – Theodor Eisfeld a me Henry Timm 1855-1856 – Carl Bergman 1856-1858 – Theodor Eisfeld 1858-1859 –1859 Carl Bergman 1865-1865 –1876 Carl Bergman -1876 – Carl Bergman 1877-1877 – Leopold Damrosch 1878-1878 — Theodore Thomas 1879-1879 – Adolf Neuendorf 1891-1891 — Theodore1898 Thomas 1898-1902 – Anton Seidl 1902-1903 — Anton Seidl 1906-1909 – Vasily Safonov 1909—1911 — Gustav Mahler 1911-1923 – Josef Stransky 1922-1930 – Willem Mengelberg 1928—1936 — Arturo Toscanini 1936-1941 – John Barbirolli 1943-1947 1947 —1949-1949 Bruno — Stokowski 1950-1949 – Dimitris Mitropoulos 1958-1958 — Leonard Bernstein 1969-1969 – George Sell 1970-1971 – Pierre Boulez 1977—1978 — Zubin Meta 1991-1991 – Kurt Masur2002 — Kurt Masur2002 Gilan Masur2009