Nikolay Nikolaevich Cherepnin (Nikolai Tcherepnin) |
Nikolai Tcherepnin
Aia ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ola, ʻokoʻa, nā leo Magic a me nā moeʻuhane kilokilo… F. Tyutchev
Ma ka lā 19 o Mei, 1909, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka pāʻani mele holoʻokoʻa ʻo Paris i ka ballet "Pavilion of Armida", nāna i wehe i ka ballet mua "Russian Season", i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka propagandist talented o Russian art S. Diaghilev. ʻO nā mea nāna i hana i ka "Pavilion of Armida", i loaʻa i nā makahiki he nui i kahi kūlana ma luna o nā hiʻohiʻona ballet o ka honua, ʻo ia ka choreographer kaulana ʻo M. Fokin, ka mea pena ʻo A. Benois a me ka haku mele a me ke alakaʻi ʻo N. Cherepnin.
He haumana o N. Rimsky-Korsakov, he hoa pili loa o A. Glazunov a me A. Lyadov, he lālā o ke kaiāulu kaulana "World of Art", he mea hoʻokani pila i loaʻa ka mahalo mai ka nui o kona mau hoa koʻikoʻi, me S. Rachmaninov, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, A. Pavlova, Z. Paliashvili, M. Balanchivadze, A. Spendnarov, S. Vasilenko, S. Koussevitzky, M. Ravel, G. Piernet. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Sh. Monte a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, - Ua komo ʻo Cherepnin i ka mōʻaukala o nā mele Lūkini o ke kenekulia XX. kekahi o nā ʻaoʻao maikaʻi ma ke ʻano he haku mele, alakaʻi, piano, kumu.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Cherepnin i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi kauka kaulana o St. Petersburg, ke kauka pilikino F. Dostoevsky. ʻO ka ʻohana Cherepnin ka mea i ʻike ʻia e nā mea hoihoi nui: ʻike ka makuakāne o ka haku mele, no ka laʻana, ʻo M. Mussorgsky lāua ʻo A. Serov. Ua puka 'o Tcherepnin mai St. Petersburg University (Faculty of Law) a me ka St. Petersburg Conservatory (composition class of N. Rimsky-Korsakov). A hiki i ka makahiki 1921, ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ke ola hoʻoikaika ikaika ma ke ʻano he haku mele a me ke alakaʻi ("Russian Symphony Concertos", ʻahamele o ka Russian Musical Society, nā ʻaha mele kauwela ma Pavlovsk, "Historical Concerts" ma Moscow; alakaʻi o ka Mariinsky Theatre ma St. ʻO Opera House ma Tiflis, i ka makahiki 1909- 14 mau makahiki alakaʻi o ka "Russian Seasons" ma Paris, Lādana, Monte Carlo, Roma, Berlin). Nui ka haʻawina a Tcherepnin i ka hoʻonaʻauao mele. Aia ma 190518. kumu (mai ka makahiki 1909 kumu) o ka St. Petersburg Conservatory, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka papa alakaʻi mua ma Rusia. ʻO kāna mau haumāna - S. Prokofiev, N. Malko, Yu. ʻO Shaporin, V. Dranishnikov a me kekahi mau mea hoʻokani pila koʻikoʻi - hoʻolaʻa i nā huaʻōlelo o ke aloha a me ka mahalo iā ia i kā lākou memo.
He mea nui hoʻi nā lawelawe a Tcherepnin i ka moʻomeheu mele Georgian (i ka makahiki 1918-21 ʻo ia ke alakaʻi o ka Tiflis Conservatory, ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he symphony a me ke alakaʻi opera).
Mai ka makahiki 1921, noho ʻo Cherepnin ma Paris, hoʻokumu i ka Conservatory Lūkini ma laila, hui pū me ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ballet o A. Pavlova, a huakaʻi ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi i nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua. ʻO ke ala hoʻomohala o N. Tcherepnin i hala ma mua o ka hapalua haneli a ua hōʻailona ʻia e ka hana ʻana o 60 opuses o nā mele mele, nā hoʻoponopono a me nā hoʻololi o nā hana a nā mea kākau ʻē aʻe. Ma ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina o ka mea haku mele, i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻano mele a pau, aia nā hana i hoʻomau ʻia nā kuʻuna o The Mighty Handful a me P. Tchaikovsky; akā aia kekahi (a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou) nā hana e pili ana i nā ʻano hana kiʻi hou o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka impressionism. He kumu maoli ia a he huaʻōlelo hou no nā mele Lūkini o ia au.
He 16 mau ballet ka hale hana hana o Tcherepnin. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa o lākou - The Pavilion of Armida (1907), Narcissus and Echo (1911), The Mask of the Red Death (1915) - ua hana ʻia no nā Kau Lūkini. Pono ʻia no ka ʻoihana o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia, ʻo ke kumumanaʻo aloha o ka hakakā ma waena o nā moeʻuhane a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e ʻike ʻia i loko o kēia mau ballet me nā ʻano hana ʻano e hoʻokokoke ai i nā mele a Tcherepnin i ka pena kiʻi o nā mea hoʻonaninani Farani C. Monet, O. Renoir, A. ʻO Sisley, a mai nā mea pena kiʻi Lūkini me nā kiʻi pena e kekahi o nā mea pena "mele" loa o ia manawa V. Borisov-Musatov. Ua kākau ʻia kekahi o nā hana a Tcherepnin ma nā kumuhana o nā moʻolelo moʻolelo Lūkini (nā symphonic poems "Marya Morevna", "The Tale of the Princess Smile", "The Enchanted Bird, the Golden Fish").
Ma waena o nā hana orchestral e Tcherepnin (2 symphonies, Symphonietta i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā N. Rimsky-Korsakov, symphonic poem "Fate" (ma hope o E. Poe), Nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kumuhana o ke mele a ke koa "Nightingale, nightingale, little bird", Concerto for ʻO ka piano a me ka mea hoʻokani pila, a me nā mea'ē aʻe)ʻo kāna mau hana papahana:ʻo ka symphonic prelude "The Princess of Dreams" (ma hope o E. Rostand), ka mele symphonic "Macbeth" (ma hope o W. Shakespeare), ke kiʻi symphonic "The Enchanted". Kingdom" (i ka moʻolelo o ka Firebird), ka moʻolelo noʻonoʻo "Mai ka ʻaoʻao a i ka ʻaoʻao" (e like me ka ʻatikala ʻatikala o ka inoa hoʻokahi e F. Tyutchev), "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish "(e like me A. . Pushkin).
Kākau ʻia ma waho i ka makahiki 30. nā opera The Matchmaker (e pili ana i ka pāʻani a A. Ostrovsky ʻo Poverty Is Not a Vice) a ʻo Vanka the Key Keeper (e pili ana i ka pāʻani o ka inoa hoʻokahi a F. Sologub) he laʻana hoihoi o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ʻenehana paʻakikī o ke kākau mele i loko o ke ʻano. o ke mele mele kuʻuna no ka mele Lūkini XX ma.
Ua loaʻa nui iā Cherepnin ma ke ʻano cantata-oratorio ("Song of Sappho" a me kekahi mau hana ʻuhane a cappella, me ka "The Virgin's Passage through Torment" i nā kikokikona o nā mele ʻuhane kanaka, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a ma nā ʻano mele ("Night. ” ma st. V. Yuryeva-Drentelna, "The Old Song" ma ke kahua o A. Koltsov, nā mele ma ke kahua o nā haku mele o ka People's Will I. Palmina ("Mai uē i nā kupapaʻu o nā mea kaua i hāʻule") a ʻo I. Nikitin ("Ke neʻe mālie nei ka manawa"). ʻO nā mele leo leo a Cherepnin (ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 romances) uhi i nā kumuhana a me nā manaʻo like ʻole - mai nā mele noʻonoʻo ("Leo pū" ma ke kahua o D. Merezhkovsky, "Manaʻo a me nā Waves" ma F. Tyutchev's station) i nā kiʻi o ke ʻano ("Twilight" na F. Tyutchev), mai ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mele Lūkini ("Wreath to Gorodetsky") i nā moʻolelo ("Fairy Tales" na K. Balmont).
Ma waena o nā hana ʻē aʻe a Cherepnin, pono e haʻi kekahi i kāna piano kupanaha "ABC i nā kiʻi" me nā kiʻi kiʻi a A. Benois, String Quartet, quartets no nā pū ʻehā a me nā hui ʻē aʻe no nā mele like ʻole. ʻO Cherepnin hoʻi ka mea kākau o nā orkestra a me nā paʻi o nā hana he nui o nā mele Lūkini (Melnik the Sorcerer, Deceiver and Matchmaker by M. Sokolovsky, Sorochinsky Fair na M. Mussorgsky, etc.).
No nā makahiki he nui, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka inoa o Tcherepnin ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka ʻaha mele, ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia kāna mau hana. Ma kēia mea ua haʻi ʻo ia i ka hopena o nā mea pena kiʻi Lūkini i pau i waho ma hope o ke kipi. I kēia manawa ua lilo ka hana a ka mea haku mele i kona wahi kūpono i ka moʻolelo o ka moʻomeheu mele Lūkini; ua paʻi ʻia kekahi mau helu symphonic a me kahi puke o kāna mau memo, ʻo ka Sonatina op. 61 no ka makani, percussion a me xylophone, ka haku mele a N. Tcherepnin a me M. Fokine, ke kali nei ka ballet "Pavilion of Armida" no kona ola hou ʻana.
E pili ana. Tompakova
