Pili o na ki |
Ka pilina kī - kokoke i nā kī, hoʻoholo ʻia e ka helu a me ke koʻikoʻi o nā mea maʻamau (nā kani, nā wā, nā chords). Ke ulu nei ka ʻōnaehana tonal; no laila, ʻaʻole i mau ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea o ke tonality (sound-stepping, interval, chordal, and functional); ʻAʻole ʻo rt he mea paʻa a loli ʻole. ʻO ke kumukānāwai o R. t., ʻoiaʻiʻo no kekahi ʻōnaehana tonal, ʻaʻole paha i kūpono no kekahi. ʻO ka lehulehu o R. t. nā pūnaewele i ka moʻolelo o ke aʻoʻana o ka lokahi (AB Marx, E. Prout, H. Riemann, A. Schoenberg, E. Lendvai, P. Hindemith, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, BL Yavorsky, GL Catuar, LM Rudolf, nā mea kākau o ka "brigade textbook" IV Sposobin a me AF Mutli, OL a me SS Skrebkovs, Yu. N. Tyulin a me NG Privano, RS Taube, MA Iglitsky a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana tonal.
No nā mele 18-19 mau kenekulia. ʻO ka mea kūpono loa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kīnā ʻole, ʻo ia ka systematics o R. t., i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o ka puke aʻoaʻo o ke kuʻikahi e NA Rimsky-Korsakov. ʻO nā tonalities kokoke (a i ʻole ka poʻe i ka degere 1 o ka pili) ʻo ia mau mea ʻeono, tonic. aia nā triads to-rykh ma nā ʻanuʻu o kahi tonality i hāʻawi ʻia (nā ʻano kūlohelohe a me nā ʻano harmonic). No ka laʻana, pili pili loa ʻo C-dur i a-minor, G-dur, e-minor, F-dur, d-minor a me f-minor. ʻO nā kī mamao ʻē aʻe, aia ma ka pae 2 a me 3 o ka pilina pili. Wahi a IV Sposobin, ʻo ka R. t. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ma luna o ka hui ʻana o ke tonality e ka tonic maʻamau o kekahi a i ʻole kekahi ʻano. ʻO ka hopena, ua māheleʻia ka tonality iʻekolu mau pūʻulu: I - diatonic. ʻohana, II – ʻohana nui-liʻiliʻi, III – chromatic. pili pili, eg. i ka C nui:
I nā mele hou, ua loli ke ʻano o ke tonality; i ka lilo ʻana o kona mau palena mua, ua lilo ia ma nā ʻano like ʻole. No laila, ʻo nā ʻōnaehana o R. t., e pili ana i ka wā i hala, ʻaʻole i hōʻike i ka ʻokoʻa o R. t. i kēia manawa. mele. Acoustic hoʻonaʻauao. ʻO ka pilina o nā leo, ka lima a me ka pilina koʻikoʻi e mau ana ko lākou manaʻo i kēia au. ka lokahi. Eia naʻe, i nā manawa he nui o R. t. pili nui ʻia me ka paʻakikī o nā harmonics i hōʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o kahi tonality i hāʻawi ʻia. mau mea. ʻO ka hopena, ʻokoʻa loa ka pili ʻana o ka pili tonal a i ʻole ka mamao. No laila, inā, no ka laʻana, i ka haku ʻana o ke kī h-moll aia nā harmonies V haʻahaʻa a me II haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (me nā leo nui f a me c), a laila ma muli o kēia, hiki ke lilo ke kī f-moll pili loa i ka h-moll (e nānā i ka neʻe 2 o ka symphony 9 a Shostakovich). Ma ke kumuhana o nā mea hahai holoholona (Des-dur) mai ka symphony. nā moʻolelo moʻolelo a SS Prokofiev "Peter a me ka Wolf", ma muli o ke ʻano pilikino o ke tonality (ʻo ka pae I wale nō a me ka "Prokofiev dominant" - VII kiʻekiʻe i hāʻawi ʻia i loko), ʻo ka tonic he semitone haʻahaʻa (C-dur) ʻoi aku ka pili loa ma mua o ka mana kuʻuna o ka pae V (As-dur), ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka lokahi o ke kumuhana.
E hoʻomaopopo ': Dolzhansky AN, Ma ke kumu o nā haku mele a Shostakovich, "SM", 1947, No 4, ma ka hōʻiliʻili: Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o D. Shostakovich, M., 1962; Mytli AF, Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana. I ka nīnau o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā aʻo a NA Rimsky-Korsakov e pili ana i ka pili o nā tonalities, M.-L., 1948; Taube RS, Ma nā ʻōnaehana o ka pilina tonal, "Nā moʻolelo ʻepekema a me ke ʻano o ka Conservatory Saratov", vol. 3, 1959; Slonimsky SM, Prokofiev's Symphonies, M.-L., 1969; Skorik MM, Pūnaehana mode o S. Prokofiev, K., 1969; Sposobin IV, Nā haʻi'ōlelo ma ke ala o ka lokahi, M., 1969; Tiftikidi HP, Theory of one-tertz and tonal chromatic system, in: Nā nīnau o ka manaʻo mele, vol. 2, M., 1970; Mazel LA, Nā pilikia o ka lokahi kahiko, M., 1972; Iglitsky M., Ka pilina o nā kī a me ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hoʻolālā modulation, ma: Musical Art and Science, vol. 2, M., 1973; Rukavishnikov VN, ʻO kekahi mau hoʻohui a me nā wehewehe ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana o ka pilina tonal o NA Rimsky-Korsakov a me nā ala hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia, ma: Nīnau o Music Theory, vol. 3, M., 1975. See also lit. ma Art. Harmony.
ʻO Yu. N. Kholopov
