Pierre Rode |
Pierre Rode
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia XNUMXth-XNUMXth ma Farani, e hele ana i kahi au o nā haunaele lehulehu, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kula kaulana o nā violinists, i loaʻa ka ʻike honua. ʻO Pierre Rode, Pierre Baio a me Rodolphe Kreuzer kona mau ʻelele maikaʻi.
ʻO ka poʻe violinists o nā ʻano mea like ʻole, ua like lākou i nā kūlana aesthetic, i hiki ai i nā mea kākau moʻolelo ke hoʻohui iā lākou ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa o ke kula violin Farani maʻamau. Lawe ʻia i loko o ka lewa o Farani ma mua o ke kipi, hoʻomaka lākou i kā lākou huakaʻi me ka mahalo i ka poʻe encyclopedists, ke akeakamai o Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a ma ke mele he poʻe kākoʻo lākou no Viotti, nona ka mea i kāohi maikaʻi ʻia a i ka manawa like me ka ʻōlelo ʻino. pāʻani ua ʻike lākou i kahi laʻana o ke ʻano kuʻuna i ka hana hana. Ua manaʻo lākou ʻo Viotti ko lākou makuakāne ʻuhane a kumu, ʻoiai ʻo Rode wale nō kāna haumāna pololei.
ʻO kēia mau mea a pau i hoʻohui iā lākou me ka ʻēheu democratic o nā kiʻi moʻomeheu Farani. ʻO ka mana o nā manaʻo o ka poʻe encyclopedists, nā manaʻo o ke kipi, ua ʻike maopopo ʻia i ka "Methodology of the Paris Conservatory" i hoʻomohala ʻia e Bayot, Rode a me Kreutzer, "kahi i ʻike ai ka manaʻo mele a me ka hoʻonaʻauao ... ka poʻe ideologists o ka bourgeoisie ʻōpio Farani.
Eia nō naʻe, ua kaupalena ʻia kā lākou democratism i ke ʻano o ka aesthetics, ke kahua o ka ʻoihana, ma ka politika, ʻaʻole lākou i manaʻo. ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā lākou kēlā hauʻoli nui no nā manaʻo o ke kipi, ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale iā Gossek, Cherubini, Daleyrac, Burton, a no laila ua hiki iā lākou ke noho ma ke kikowaena o ke ola mele o Farani i nā hoʻololi kaiaulu. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻole i loli ko lākou aesthetics. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ke kipi o 1789 i ke aupuni o Napoleon, ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka moʻokūʻauhau Bourbon a, i ka hope, i ka mōʻī bourgeois o Louis Philippe, ua hoʻololi i ka ʻuhane o ka moʻomeheu Farani, kahi i hiki ʻole ai i kona mau alakaʻi ke noho ʻole. Ua ulu ka hana mele o ia mau makahiki mai ka classicism i ka "Empire" a i ka romanticism. Ka mua heroic-civil tyrannical motifs i ke au o Napoleona ua supplanted e pompous rhetoric a me ka ceremonial brilliance o ka "Empire", kūloko anu a me ka noʻonoʻo, a me ka classicist kuʻuna loaa i ke ano o ka maikai aʻo. I loko o ke kahua o ia mea, hoʻopau ʻo Bayo lāua ʻo Kreutzer i kā lāua ʻoihana kiʻi.
Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, noho mau lākou i ka classicism, a pololei i kāna ʻano academized, a he malihini i ka ʻaoʻao pili aloha. Ma waena o lākou, ua hoʻopā kekahi Rode i ka romanticism me nā ʻano sentimentalist-lyrical o kāna mele. Akā naʻe, ma ke ʻano o nā mele, ua ʻoi aku ʻo ia ma muli o Rousseau, Megul, Grétry a me Viotti ma mua o kahi mea hoʻolaha o kahi manaʻo aloha hou. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole ia he mea kuhi i ka wā i hiki mai ai ka pua o ka romanticism, ua nalowale nā hana a Rode i ka kaulana. ʻAʻole i manaʻo ka Romantics i ka consonance me kā lākou ʻano o ka manaʻo. E like me Bayo a me Kreutzer, ua pili ʻo Rode i ke au o ka classicism, nāna i hoʻoholo i kāna mau loina noʻeau a me ka nani.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Rode ma Bordeaux ma Pepeluali 16, 1774. Mai kona mau makahiki ʻeono, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo i ka violin me André Joseph Fauvel (senior). He mea paʻakikī ke haʻi aku inā he kumu maikaʻi ʻo Fauvel. ʻO ka hoʻopau wikiwiki ʻana o Rode ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani, i lilo i mea pōʻino o kona ola, ma muli paha o ka pōʻino i hana ʻia i kāna ʻenehana e kāna aʻo mua ʻana. ʻAʻole hiki iā Fauvel ke hāʻawi iā Rode i kahi ola lōʻihi.
I ka makahiki 1788, ua hele ʻo Rode i Palika, kahi i hoʻokani ai ʻo ia i kekahi o nā concerto a Viotti i ka violinist kaulana ʻo Punto. Ma muli o ke kālena o ke keiki, alakaʻi ʻo Punto iā ia i Viotti, nāna i lawe iā Rode i haumāna. ʻElua makahiki kā lākou papa. Ke holomua nei ʻo Rode. I ka makahiki 1790, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Viotti i kāna haumāna no ka manawa mua ma kahi ʻaha mele ākea. Ua hana ʻia ka hoʻomaka mua ma ka Hale Keaka o ke kaikaina o ka Mōʻī i ka wā hoʻomaha o kahi hana keaka. Ua hoʻokani ʻo Rode i ka Concerto ʻumikūmākolu a Viotti, a ua hoʻopio ka poʻe i kāna hana ahi a nani. He 16 makahiki wale nō ke keikikāne, akā, ma nā moʻolelo a pau, ʻo ia ka violinist maikaʻi loa ma Farani ma hope o Viotti.
I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Rode e hana i ka hoʻokani pila maikaʻi loa o ka Feydo Theatre ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila o ka lua. I ka manawa like, ua wehe ʻia kāna hana ʻaha mele: ma ka pule Easter 1790, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i kahi pōʻai nui no ia mau manawa, e pāʻani ana i 5 Viotti concerto i ka lālani (Kakolu, ʻumikumamākolu, ʻumikumamāhā, ʻumikumamāhiku, ʻumikūmāwalu).
Hoʻopau ʻo Rode i nā makahiki weliweli a pau o ke kipi ma Paris, e pāʻani ana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni o Feydo. I ka makahiki 1794 wale nō ʻo ia i hana ai i kāna huakaʻi ʻaha mele mua me ka mea mele kaulana ʻo Garat. Hele lākou i Kelemānia a hoʻokani ma Hamburg, Berlin. He ʻokoʻa ka lanakila o Rohde, ua kākau ʻo Berlin Musical Gazette me ka hoihoi: “Ua hoʻokō ka hana o kāna pāʻani i nā manaʻo āpau. ʻO nā mea a pau i lohe i kāna kumu kaulana ʻo Viotti me ka lokahi, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Rode i ke ʻano maikaʻi o ke kumu, e hāʻawi ana iā ia i ka palupalu a me ka ʻoluʻolu.
Hōʻike ka loiloi i ka ʻaoʻao lyrical o ke ʻano o Rode. ʻO kēia ʻano maikaʻi o kāna pāʻani ke hoʻokūpaʻa mau ʻia i ka hoʻoholo ʻana o kona mau hoa. "ʻO ka nani, ka maʻemaʻe, ka lokomaikaʻi" - ua hāʻawiʻia kēlā mau epithets i ka hana a Rode e kāna hoaalohaʻo Pierre Baio. Akā ma kēia ʻano, ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano pāʻani o Rode me ko Viotti, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe ona ʻano heroic-pathetic, "oratorical". ʻIke ʻia, ua hoʻopio ʻo Rode i ka poʻe hoʻolohe me ke kuʻikahi, ka moʻokalaleo classicist a me ka lyricism, ʻaʻole me ka leʻaleʻa pathetic, ikaika kāne i hoʻokaʻawale iā Viotti.
ʻOiai ke kūleʻa, makemake nui ʻo Rode e hoʻi i kona ʻāina hānau. Ma hope o ka hoʻōki ʻana i nā ʻaha mele, hele ʻo ia i Bordeaux ma ke kai, no ka mea he pilikia ka hele ʻana ma ka ʻāina. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hele i Bordeaux. Poha ka ino a hookui i ka moku ana e holo ai i na kapakai o Enelani. ʻAʻole hoʻonāwaliwali. Holo wikiwiki ʻo Rode i Lākana e ʻike iā Viotti, e noho ana ma laila. I ka manawa like, makemake ʻo ia e ʻōlelo i ka lehulehu o Lākana, akā, auwe, makaʻala loa ka poʻe Farani ma ke kapikala ʻEnelani, ke kānalua nei i nā manaʻo a pau o Jacobin. Ua koi ʻia ʻo Rode e hoʻopaʻa iā ia iho i ke komo ʻana i kahi ʻahamele aloha no nā wahine kāne make a me nā keiki makua ʻole, a no laila haʻalele iā Lākana. Ua pani ʻia ke ala i Farani; ua hoʻi ka mea hoʻokani pila i Hamburg a mai ʻaneʻi ma Holland e hele ai i kona ʻāina hānau.
Ua hōʻea ʻo Rode i Palika i ka makahiki 1795. ʻO ia ka manawa i ʻimi ai ʻo Sarret mai ka Convention i kahi kānāwai e pili ana i ka wehe ʻana i kahi conservatory - ke kula aupuni mua o ka honua, kahi e lilo ai ka hoʻonaʻauao mele i mea pili i ka lehulehu. Ma lalo o ka malu o ka conservatory, hōʻiliʻili ʻo Sarret i nā pūʻali mele maikaʻi loa i kēlā manawa ma Paris. ʻO Catel, Daleyrak, Cherubini, cellist Bernard Romberg, a ma waena o nā violinists, ʻo Gavignier ʻelemakule a me ka ʻōpio Bayot, Rode, Kreutzer i loaʻa i kahi kono kono. ʻO ka lewa i loko o ka conservatory he mea noʻonoʻo a hoihoi. A ʻaʻole maopopo i ke kumu, no ka manawa pōkole ma Paris. Hoʻokuʻu ʻo Rode i nā mea āpau a haʻalele i Sepania.
Ua kaulana kona ola ma Madrid no kona pilina aloha nui me Boccherini. ʻAʻohe ʻuhane o kahi mea pena kiʻi nui i loko o kahi ʻōpio Farani. Makemake nui ʻo Rode i ka haku mele, akā maikaʻi ʻole ke ʻano o ka mea kani. Hana ʻo Boccherini i kēia hana nona. Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia kona lima i ka nani, ka māmā, ka ʻoluʻolu o nā hoʻokani pila o kekahi mau concerto a Rode, me ka Concerto kaulana ʻeono.
Ua hoʻi ʻo Rode i Paris i ka makahiki 1800. I kona haʻalele ʻana, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā hoʻololi politika koʻikoʻi ma ke kapikala Farani. Ua lilo ʻo General Bonaparte i kanikela mua o ka Repubalika Farani. ʻO ke aliʻi hou, me ka haʻalele haʻahaʻa i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka democracy, ua ʻimi e "hoʻolako" i kāna "ʻaha". Ma kāna "ʻaha" hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi hale pule mea kani a me kahi mea hoʻokani pila, kahi i kono ʻia ai ʻo Rode ma ke ʻano he soloist. Ke wehe nei ka Paris Conservatory i kona mau puka iā ia, kahi i ho'āʻo ai e hana i nā kula o nā ʻano hana ma nā lālā nui o ka hoʻonaʻauao mele. Ua kākau ʻia ke ʻano kula violin e Baio, Rode a me Kreutzer. I ka makahiki 1802, ua paʻi ʻia kēia Kula (Methode du violon) a loaʻa i ka ʻike honua. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i komo nui ʻo Rode i kāna hana ʻana; ʻO Baio ka mea kākau nui.
Ma waho aʻe o ka conservatory a me ka Bonaparte Chapel, ʻo Rode kekahi mea hoʻokani solo ma ka Paris Grand Opera. I loko o kēia manawa, he punahele ʻo ia i ka lehulehu, aia i ka zenith o ka kaulana a hauʻoli i ka mana kānalua ʻole o ka violinist mua ma Farani. Eia hou, ʻaʻole ʻae ke ʻano hoʻomaha iā ia e noho ma kahi. Ua hoʻowalewale ʻia e kona hoa, ka mea haku mele ʻo Boildieu, i ka makahiki 1803 ua haʻalele ʻo Rode no St. Petersburg.
ʻO ka holomua o Rode ma ke kapikala ʻo Rūsia he mea kupanaha maoli. Hāʻawi ʻia iā Alexander I, ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i ka soloist o ka ʻaha, me ka uku ʻole ʻia o 5000 kālā rubles i ka makahiki. He wela ia. Ke ho'āʻo nei ka hui kiʻekiʻe o St. Petersburg e hoʻokomo iā Rode i ko lākou mau hale kūʻai; Hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā ʻaha mele, hoʻokani i nā quartets, ensembles, solo i ka opera imperial; komo kāna mau haku mele i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, mahalo ʻia kāna mele e nā mea aloha.
I ka makahiki 1804, ua hele ʻo Rode i Moscow, kahi āna i hāʻawi ai i kahi ʻaha mele, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻolaha ma Moskovskie Vedomosti: "Mr. ʻO Rode, ka mea hoʻokani pila mua o ka Mōʻī Emepera, ua loaʻa iā ia ka hanohano e haʻi aku i ka lehulehu e hāʻawi ʻo ia i ʻahamele ma ka lā 10 o ʻApelila, Lāpule, no kona makemake ma ka hale nui o ka Petrovsky Theatre, kahi e hoʻokani ai ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole. kona haku mele ana. Noho ʻo Rode ma Moscow, ʻike ʻia no kahi manawa kūpono. No laila, i loko o ka SP Zhikharev's "Nā memo" heluhelu mākou i loko o ka salon o ka mea kaulana Moscow mele aloha VA Vsevolozhsky ma 1804-1805 he quartet i "i ka makahiki i hala iho nei ua paʻa ʻo Rode i ka violin mua, a ʻo Batllo, viola Frenzel a me cello ʻo Lamar. . ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pololei ka ʻike i hōʻike ʻia e Zhikharev. ʻAʻole hiki iā J. Lamar i ka makahiki 1804 ke pāʻani i ka quartet me Rode, no ka mea, ua hōʻea ʻo ia i Moscow wale nō i Nowemapa 1805 me Bayo.
Mai Moscow, hele hou ʻo Rode i St. Petersburg, kahi āna i noho ai a hiki i 1808. I ka makahiki 1808, ʻoiai ʻo ka nānā ʻana a puni ʻo ia, ua koi ʻia ʻo Rode e haʻalele no kona ʻāina hānau: ʻaʻole hiki i kona olakino ke kūpaʻa i ke ʻano ʻino o ka ʻākau. Ma ke ala, ua kipa hou ʻo ia i Moscow, kahi āna i hui ai me nā hoaaloha Parisian kahiko i noho ma laila mai 1805 - ka violinist Bayo a me ka cellist Lamar. Ma Moscow, ua hāʻawiʻo ia i kahi'ahamele aloha. “Ua haʻi aku ʻo Mr. O Rode, ka mea hookani pilaka mua o ka Kammera o ka Moi ka Emepera o Rusia a pau, e kaahele ana ma Moscou ma na aina e, ma ka la Sabati, Feberuari 23, e loaa ia ia ka hanohano e haawi i ahamele no kana hana pono maloko o ke keena o ka Hui Hula. Nā mea o ka ʻahamele: 1. Symphony na Mr. Mozart; 2. Na Mr. Rode e hookani i ka concerto o kana haku mele; 3. Hune Overture, Op. kūlanakauhale o Kerubini; 4. Na Mr. Zoon e hookani i ka Hookani Ohe, Op. Kapellmeister Mr. Miller; 5. E hookani ana o Mr. Rode i ka ahamele o kana haku mele, i haawiia i ka Moi Emepera Alexander Pavlovich. Lawe ʻia ʻo Rondo mai nā mele Lūkini he nui; 6. Hope loa. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai he 5 rubles no kēlā me kēia tiketi, hiki ke loaʻa mai iā Mr. Rode pono'ī, e noho ana ma Tverskaya, ma ka hale o Mr. Saltykov me Madame Shiu, a mai ka hale mālama hale o ka Dance Academy.
Me kēia ʻahamele, ua ʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻo Rode iā Rusia. I kona hōʻea ʻana i Paris, ua hāʻawi koke ʻo ia i kahi ʻahamele ma ke keʻena o ka hale keaka ʻo Odeon. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻāla ʻia kāna pāʻani ʻana i ka hoihoi mua o ka lehulehu. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi loiloi kaumaha ma ka German Musical Gazette: “I kona hoʻi ʻana mai Rusia mai, ua makemake ʻo Rode e uku i kona mau hoa makaʻāinana no ka hoʻonele ʻana iā lākou i ka leʻaleʻa o ka leʻaleʻa i kāna talena nani no ka lōʻihi. Akā i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ia i laki. ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka concerto no ka hana ʻana i hana ʻole ʻia e ia. Ua kākau ʻo ia ma St. Petersburg, a me he mea lā ʻaʻole i mau ke anu o Rusia me ka ʻole o kēia haku mele. Ua liʻiliʻi ka manaʻo o Rode. ʻO kāna talena, i hoʻopau piha ʻia i kona hoʻomohala ʻana, ke waiho mau nei i nā mea e makemake ʻia e pili ana i ke ahi a me ke ola o loko. Ua ʻeha loa ʻo Roda i ko mākou lohe ʻana iā Lafon i mua ona. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā violinists punahele ma ʻaneʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka emi ʻana o ke akamai loea o Rode. ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu ka mea loiloi i ke koho ʻana i kahi concerto "anu loa" a me ka nele o ke ahi i ka hana a ka mea pena. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻono o ka poʻe Parisian. ʻO ke ʻano "maʻamau" o Rode i pau i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pono o ka lehulehu. ʻOi aku ka hauʻoli i kēia manawa i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻōpio Lafont. Ua ʻike mua ʻia ke ʻano o ka makemake i ka pono mea kani, a e lilo koke ia i hōʻailona ʻoi loa o ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka romanticism.
Ua paʻi ʻo Rode i ka hāʻule ʻole o ka ʻahamele. ʻO ia paha ka mea i hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻole ʻia i ka noʻonoʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ola hou a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola. ʻAʻohe wahi i koe o ko Rode noho ʻana ma mua. Ua haʻalele ʻo ia iā ia iho a hiki i ka makahiki 1811 hoʻōki i ka ʻōlelo lehulehu. Ma ka pōʻai home wale nō me nā hoaaloha kahiko - ʻo Pierre Baio a me ka cellist Lamar - ke pāʻani nei ʻo ia i nā mele, pāʻani quartets. Eia naʻe, i ka makahiki 1811 ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻahamele. Akā ʻaʻole ma Paris. ʻAʻole! Hele ʻo ia i Austria a me Kelemānia. He ʻeha nā ʻaha mele. Ua nalowale ʻo Rode i ka hilinaʻi: pāʻani ʻo ia me ka hopohopo, hoʻomohala ʻo ia i ka "makaʻu i ke kahua." I ka lohe ʻana iā ia ma Vienna i ka makahiki 1813, kākau ʻo Spohr: "Ua manaʻo wau, kokoke me ka haʻalulu ʻana, ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pāʻani ʻo Rode, ʻo ia he ʻumi makahiki ma mua o koʻu manaʻo ʻana i kaʻu hiʻohiʻona nui loa. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka mele mele mua loa, me he mea lā ua hoʻi hope ʻo Rode i kēia manawa. Ua loaʻa iaʻu kāna pāʻani anu a hoʻomoana; Ua nele ʻo ia i kona wiwo ʻole ma mua ma nā wahi paʻakikī, a ua ʻoluʻolu wau ma hope o Cantabile. ʻOiai e hana ana i nā ʻano like ʻole E-dur aʻu i lohe ai iā ia he ʻumi makahiki i hala aku nei, ua maopopo iaʻu ua nalowale ʻo ia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻenehana, no ka mea, ʻaʻole wale ʻo ia i hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā paukū paʻakikī, akā hoʻokō ʻo ia i nā paukū maʻalahi me ka makaʻu a me ka hewa.
Wahi a ka mea kākau moʻolelo mele Farani Fetis, ua hui ʻo Rode me Beethoven ma Vienna, a ua kākau ʻo Beethoven i kahi Romance nona (F-dur, op. 50) no ka violin a me ka orchestra, "ʻo ia hoʻi, kēlā Romance," wahi a Fetis, "a laila. me ia i hana maikaʻi ʻia e Pierre Baio i nā ʻaha mele conservatory. Eia naʻe, hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo Riemann, a ma hope ona Bazilevsky i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Ua hoʻopau ʻo Rode i kāna huakaʻi ma Berlin, kahi āna i noho ai a hiki i 1814. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ia ma ʻaneʻi e ka ʻoihana pilikino - ʻo kāna male ʻana me kahi wahine ʻōpio Italia.
I kona hoʻi ʻana i Farani, noho ʻo Rode ma Bordeaux. ʻAʻole hāʻawi ka mea noiʻi i kekahi mea biographical i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. ʻAʻole hana ʻo Rode ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, akā, ke hana ikaika nei ʻo ia e hoʻihoʻi i kāna mau akamai i nalowale. A i ka makahiki 1828, he ho'āʻo hou e kū i mua o ka lehulehu - he ʻahamele ma Paris.
He hemahema loa. ʻAʻole i hoʻomanawanui ʻo Rode. Ua maʻi ʻo ia a ma hope o kahi maʻi ʻeha ʻelua makahiki, ma Nowemapa 25, 1830, ua make ʻo ia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Château de Bourbon kokoke i Damazon. Ua inu piha ʻo Rode i ke kīʻaha ʻawaʻawa o ka mea pena nāna i lawe aku ka hopena i ka mea makamae loa o ke ola - ʻo ke kiʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ka manawa pōkole loa o ka pua ʻana, ua waiho kāna hana hoʻokani i kahi hōʻailona hohonu ma Farani a me ke kiʻi mele honua. Ua kaulana nō hoʻi ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he haku mele, ʻoiai ua kaupalena ʻia kāna mau mea e hiki ai ma kēia ʻano.
ʻO kāna hoʻoilina noʻeau he 13 violin concerto, bow quartets, violin duets, he nui nā ʻano like ʻole ma nā kumuhana like ʻole a me 24 caprices no ka violin solo. A hiki i ka waena o ke kenekulia 1838, ua holomua nā hana a Rohde ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua kākau ʻo Paganini i ka Concerto kaulana ma D major e like me ka hoʻolālā o ka First Violin Concerto na Rode. Ua hele mai ʻo Ludwig Spohr mai Rode ma nā ʻano he nui, e hana ana i kāna mau ʻahamele. Ua hahai ʻo Rode iā ia iho ma ke ʻano ʻakaʻaka iā Viotti, nona kāna hana i kumu hoʻohālike nona. ʻAʻole hoʻi hou nā concerto a Rode i ke ʻano, akā ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano intonational o nā hana a Viotti, ʻokoʻa wale nō i nā mele nui. ʻO ka lyricism o kā lākou "maʻalahi, hala ʻole, akā piha i nā mele mele" i ʻike ʻia e Odoevsky. ʻO ka cantilena lyrical o nā haku mele a Rode he nani loa kona ʻano like ʻole (G-dur) i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka repertoire o nā leo leo koʻikoʻi o ia au ʻo Catalani, Sontag, Viardot. Ma ka huakaʻi mua a Vieuxtan i Rusia ma 15, i ka papahana o kāna ʻaha mele mua ma Malaki XNUMX, ua hīmeni ʻo Hoffmann i nā ʻano like ʻole o Rode.
Nui ke aloha i nā hana a Rode ma Rusia. Ua hoʻokani ʻia lākou e ka poʻe violinists a pau, nā loea a me nā amateurs; komo lakou iloko o na panalaau o Rusia. Ua mālama nā waihona o nā Venevitinovs i nā papahana o nā ʻaha mele home i mālama ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Luizino o ka Vielgorskys. I kēia mau ahiahi, hoʻokani nā violinists Teplov (ka mea nona ka ʻāina, ka hoalauna o ka Vielgorskys) a me ke kauā Antoine i nā concerto na L. Maurer, P. Rode (ʻEwalu), R. Kreutzer (ʻumikūmāiwa).
Ma ka 40s o ke kenekulia 24, ua hoʻomaka ka nalo ʻana o nā haku mele a Rode mai ka papa mele mele. ʻEkolu a ʻehā paha concerto i mālama ʻia i ka hoʻonaʻauao hoʻonaʻauao o nā violinists o ke kula o ke kula, a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo XNUMX caprices i kēia lā ma ke ʻano he pōʻai maʻamau o ke ʻano etude.
L. Raaben
